Chapter NR 440

NR 440.76(9)(b)1. 1. You shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate continuous emission monitoring systems for oxygen or carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. If you operate a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, you shall also install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous emission monitoring system for nitrogen oxides. You shall install the continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and oxygen or carbon dioxide at the outlet of the air pollution control device.

NR 440.76(9)(b)2. 2. You shall install, evaluate and operate each continuous emission monitoring system according to the monitoring requirements in s. NR 440.13.

NR 440.76(9)(b)3. 3. You shall monitor the oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration at each location where you monitor sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Additionally, if you operate a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, you shall also monitor the oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration at the location where you monitor nitrogen oxides.

NR 440.76(9)(b)4. 4. You may choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of oxygen as a diluent gas. If you choose to monitor carbon dioxide, then an oxygen monitor is not required, and you shall follow the requirements in par. (g).

NR 440.76(9)(b)5. 5. If you choose to demonstrate compliance by monitoring the percent reduction of sulfur dioxide, you shall also install continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide and oxygen or carbon dioxide at the inlet of the air pollution control device.

NR 440.76(9)(b)6. 6. If you prefer to use an alternative sulfur dioxide monitoring method, such as parametric monitoring, or cannot monitor emissions at the inlet of the air pollution control device to determine percent reduction, you may apply to the department for approval to use an alternative monitoring method under s. NR 440.13 (9).

NR 440.76(9)(c) (c) How are the data from the continuous emission monitoring systems used? You shall use data from the continuous emission monitoring systems for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide to demonstrate continuous compliance with the emission limits specified in Tables 1 and 2 of this section. To demonstrate compliance for dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride and fugitive ash, you shall meet sub. (10) (b).

NR 440.76(9)(d) (d) How do I make sure my continuous emission monitoring systems are operating correctly?

NR 440.76(9)(d)1. 1. You shall conduct initial, daily, quarterly and annual evaluations of your continuous emission monitoring systems that measure oxygen or carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides (for Class I municipal waste combustion units only) and carbon monoxide.

NR 440.76(9)(d)2. 2. You shall complete your initial evaluation of the continuous emission monitoring systems within 60 days after your municipal waste combustion unit reaches the maximum load level at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.

NR 440.76(9)(d)3. 3. For initial and annual evaluations, you shall collect data concurrently, or within 30 to 60 minutes, using your oxygen or carbon dioxide continuous emission monitoring system, your sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, or carbon monoxide continuous emission monitoring systems, as appropriate, and the appropriate test methods specified in Table 3 of this section. You shall collect the data during each initial and annual evaluation of your continuous emission monitoring systems following the applicable performance specifications in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1). Table 4 of this section shows the performance specifications that apply to each continuous emission monitoring system.

NR 440.76(9)(d)4. 4. You shall follow the quality assurance procedures in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), for each continuous emission monitoring system. The procedures include daily calibration drift and quarterly accuracy determinations.

NR 440.76(9)(e) (e) Am I exempt from any requirements to evaluate continuous emission monitoring systems under 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B or F, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1)? Yes, the accuracy tests for your sulfur dioxide continuous emission monitoring system require you to also evaluate your oxygen or carbon dioxide continuous emission monitoring system. Therefore, your oxygen or carbon dioxide continuous emission monitoring system is exempt from the following 2 requirements:

NR 440.76(9)(e)1. 1. Relative accuracy requirement in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, section 2.3 of Performance Specification 3, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1).

NR 440.76(9)(e)2. 2. Relative accuracy test audit in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, section 5.1.1, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1).

NR 440.76(9)(f) (f) What is my schedule for evaluating continuous emission monitoring systems?

NR 440.76(9)(f)1. 1. You shall conduct annual evaluations of your continuous emission monitoring systems no more than 13 months after the previous evaluation was conducted.

NR 440.76(9)(f)2. 2. You shall evaluate your continuous emission monitoring systems daily and quarterly as specified in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1).

NR 440.76(9)(g) (g) What must I do if I choose to monitor carbon dioxide instead of oxygen as a diluent gas? You shall establish the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide during the initial evaluation of your continuous emission monitoring systems. You may reestablish the relationship during annual evaluations. To establish the relationship, use the following 3 procedures:

NR 440.76(9)(g)1. 1. Use Method 3A or 3B in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), to determine oxygen concentration at the location of your carbon dioxide monitor.

NR 440.76(9)(g)2. 2. Conduct at least 3 test runs for oxygen. Make sure each test run represents a 1-hour average and that sampling continues for at least 30 minutes in each hour.

NR 440.76(9)(g)3. 3. Use the fuel-factor equation in Method 3B in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), to determine the relationship between oxygen and carbon dioxide.

NR 440.76(9)(h) (h) What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must collect with my continuous emission monitoring systems and is the data collection requirement enforceable?

NR 440.76(9)(h)1. 1. Where continuous emission monitoring systems are required, you shall obtain 1-hour arithmetic averages. Make sure the averages for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide are in parts per million by dry volume at 7% oxygen, or the equivalent carbon dioxide level. Use the 1-hour averages of oxygen or carbon dioxide data from your continuous emission monitoring system to determine the actual oxygen or carbon dioxide level and to calculate emissions at 7% oxygen, or the equivalent carbon dioxide level.

NR 440.76(9)(h)2. 2. You shall obtain at least 2 data points per hour in order to calculate a valid 1-hour arithmetic average. Section NR 440.13 (5) (b) requires your continuous emission monitoring systems to complete at least one cycle of operation, sampling, analyzing and data recording for each 15-minute period.

NR 440.76(9)(h)3. 3. You shall obtain valid 1-hour averages for 75% of the operating hours per day for 90% of the operating days per calendar quarter. An operating day is any day the unit combusts any municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel.

NR 440.76(9)(h)4. 4. If you do not obtain the minimum data required in subds. 1. to 3., you are in violation of the data collection requirement regardless of the emission level monitored, and you shall notify the department according to sub. (13) (h) 5.

NR 440.76(9)(h)5. 5. If you do not obtain the minimum data required in subds. 1. to 3., you shall still use all valid data from the continuous emission monitoring systems in calculating emission concentrations and percent reductions in accordance with par. (i).

NR 440.76(9)(i) (i) How do I convert my 1-hour arithmetic averages into the appropriate averaging times and units?

NR 440.76(9)(i)1. 1. You shall use the equation in sub. (15) (a) to calculate emissions at 7% oxygen.

NR 440.76(9)(i)2. 2. You shall use section 4.3 of Method 19 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), to calculate the daily geometric average concentrations of sulfur dioxide emissions. If you are monitoring the percent reduction of sulfur dioxide, use section 5.4 of Method 19 to determine the daily geometric average percent reduction of potential sulfur dioxide emissions.

NR 440.76(9)(i)3. 3. If you operate a Class I municipal waste combustion unit, you shall use section 4.1 of Method 19 to calculate the daily arithmetic average for concentrations of nitrogen oxides.

NR 440.76(9)(i)4. 4. You shall use section 4.1 of Method 19 to calculate the 4-hour or 24-hour daily block averages, as applicable, for concentrations of carbon monoxide.

NR 440.76(9)(j) (j) What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and how are the data used?

NR 440.76(9)(j)1. 1. You shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous opacity monitoring system.

NR 440.76(9)(j)2. 2. You shall install, evaluate and operate each continuous opacity monitoring system according to s. NR 440.13.

NR 440.76(9)(j)3. 3. You shall complete an initial evaluation of your continuous opacity monitoring system according to Performance Specification 1 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1). You shall complete the evaluation within 60 days after your municipal waste combustion unit reaches the maximum load level at which it will operate, but no more than 180 days after its initial startup.

NR 440.76(9)(j)4. 4. You shall complete each annual evaluation of your continuous opacity monitoring system no more than 13 months after the previous evaluation.

NR 440.76(9)(j)5. 5. You shall use tests conducted according to Method 9 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), as specified in sub. (10) (d), to determine compliance with the opacity limit in Table 1 of this section.

NR 440.76 Note Note: The data obtained from your continuous opacity monitoring system are not used to determine compliance with the opacity limit.

NR 440.76(9)(k) (k) What additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system? You shall use the required span values and applicable performance specifications in Table 4 of this section.

NR 440.76(9)(L) (L) What must I do if any of my continuous emission monitoring systems are temporarily unavailable to meet the data collection requirements? You shall refer to Table 4 of this section. It shows alternate methods for collecting data when systems malfunction or when repairs, calibration checks or zero and span checks keep you from collecting the minimum amount of data.

NR 440.76(10) (10) Stack testing.

NR 440.76(10)(a) (a) What types of stack tests must I conduct? You shall conduct initial and annual stack tests to measure the emission levels of dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride and fugitive ash.

NR 440.76(10)(b) (b) How are the stack test data used? You shall use results of stack tests for dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride and fugitive ash to demonstrate compliance with the emission limits in Table 1 of this section. To demonstrate compliance for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, see sub. (9) (c).

NR 440.76(10)(c) (c) What schedule must I follow for the stack testing?

NR 440.76(10)(c)1. 1. You shall conduct initial stack tests for the pollutants listed in par. (a) within 60 days after your municipal waste combustion unit reaches the maximum load level at which it will operate, but no later than 180 days after its initial startup.

NR 440.76(10)(c)2. 2. You shall conduct annual stack tests for the same pollutants after the initial stack test. You shall conduct each annual stack test no later than 13 months after the previous stack test.

NR 440.76(10)(d) (d) What test methods must I use to stack test?

NR 440.76(10)(d)1. 1. You shall follow Table 5 of this section to establish the sampling location and to determine pollutant concentrations, number of traverse points, individual test methods, and other specific testing requirements for the different pollutants.

NR 440.76(10)(d)2. 2. You shall make sure that stack tests for all the pollutants consist of at least 3 test runs, as specified in s. NR 440.08. You shall use the average of the pollutant emission concentrations from the 3 test runs to determine compliance with the emission limits in Table 1 of this section.

NR 440.76(10)(d)3. 3. You shall obtain an oxygen or carbon dioxide measurement at the same time as your pollutant measurements to determine diluent gas levels, as specified in sub. (9) (b).

NR 440.76(10)(d)4. 4. You shall use the equations in sub. (15) (a) to (c) to calculate emission levels at 7% oxygen, or an equivalent carbon dioxide basis, the percent reduction in potential hydrogen chloride emissions, and the percent reduction for mercury emissions. The individual test methods in Table 5 of this section shall be used for other required equations.

NR 440.76(10)(d)5. 5. You may apply to the department under s. NR 440.08 (2) for approval to use a reference method with minor changes in methodology, to use a shorter sampling time or smaller sampling volume or for a waiver of the requirement for a performance test because you have demonstrated by other means that you are in compliance. You may apply to the administrator as allowed under s. NR 440.08 (2) for approval to use an equivalent method or an alternative method the results of which the administrator has determined are adequate for demonstrating compliance.

NR 440.76(10)(e) (e) May I conduct stack testing less often?

NR 440.76(10)(e)1. 1. You may test less often than required under par. (c) 2. if you own or operate a Class II municipal waste combustion unit and if all stack tests for a given pollutant over 3 consecutive years show you comply with the emission limit. In that case, you are not required to conduct a stack test for that pollutant for the next 2 years. However, you shall conduct another stack test within 36 months of the anniversary date of the third consecutive stack test that shows you comply with the emission limit. Thereafter, you shall perform stack tests every 3rd year but no later than 36 months following the previous stack tests. If a stack test shows noncompliance with an emission limit, you shall conduct annual stack tests for that pollutant until all stack tests over 3 consecutive years show compliance with the emission limit for that pollutant. The provision applies to all pollutants subject to stack testing requirements: dioxins/furans, cadmium, lead, mercury, particulate matter, opacity, hydrogen chloride and fugitive ash.

NR 440.76(10)(e)2. 2. You may test less often for dioxins/furans emissions if you own or operate a municipal waste combustion plant that meets the following 2 conditions. First, you have multiple municipal waste combustion units onsite that are subject to this section. Second, all those municipal waste combustion units have demonstrated levels of dioxins/furans emissions less than or equal to 7 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter, total mass, for 2 consecutive years. In that case, you may choose to conduct annual stack tests on only one municipal waste combustion unit per year at your plant. This provision only applies to stack testing for dioxins/furans emissions and is subject to the following 3 conditions:

NR 440.76(10)(e)2.a. a. You shall conduct the stack test no more than 13 months following a stack test on any municipal waste combustion unit subject to this section at your plant. Each year, you shall test a different municipal waste combustion unit subject to this section and shall test all municipal waste combustion units subject to this section in a sequence that you determine. Once you determine a testing sequence, it may not be changed without approval by the department.

NR 440.76(10)(e)2.b. b. If each annual stack test shows levels of dioxins/furans emissions less than or equal to 7 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter, total mass, you may continue stack tests on only one municipal waste combustion unit subject to this section per year.

NR 440.76(10)(e)2.c. c. If any annual stack test indicates levels of dioxins/furans emissions greater than 7 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter, total mass, you shall conduct subsequent annual stack tests on all municipal waste combustion units subject to this section at your plant. You may return to testing one municipal waste combustion unit subject to this section per year if you can demonstrate dioxins/furans emission levels less than or equal to 7 nanograms per dry standard cubic meter, total mass, for all municipal waste combustion units at your plant subject to this section for 2 consecutive years.

NR 440.76(10)(f) (f) May I deviate from the 13-month testing schedule if unforeseen circumstances arise? You may not deviate from the 13-month testing schedules specified in pars. (c) 2. and (e) 2. a. unless you apply to the department for an alternative schedule, and the department approves your request for alternate scheduling prior to the date on which you would otherwise have been required to conduct the next stack test.

NR 440.76(11) (11) Other monitoring requirements.

NR 440.76(11)(a) (a) Must I meet other requirements for continuous monitoring? You shall also monitor 3 operating parameters:

NR 440.76(11)(a)1. 1. Load level of each municipal waste combustion unit.

NR 440.76(11)(a)2. 2. Temperature of flue gases at the inlet of your particulate matter air pollution control device.

NR 440.76(11)(a)3. 3. Carbon feed rate if activated carbon is used to control dioxins/furans or mercury emissions.

NR 440.76(11)(b) (b) How do I monitor the load of my municipal waste combustion unit?

NR 440.76(11)(b)1. 1. If your municipal waste combustion unit generates steam, you shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate a steam flowmeter or a feed water flowmeter and meet the following 5 requirements:

NR 440.76(11)(b)1.a. a. Continuously measure and record the measurements of steam, or feed water, in kilograms or pounds per hour.

NR 440.76(11)(b)1.b. b. Calculate your steam, or feed water, flow in 4-hour block averages.

NR 440.76(11)(b)1.c. c. Calculate the steam, or feed water, flow rate using the method in “American Society of Mechanical Engineers Power Test Codes: Test Code for Steam Generating Units, Power Test Code 4.1 - 1964 (R1991),” section 4, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (2) (h) 2.

NR 440.76(11)(b)1.d. d. Design, construct, install, calibrate and use nozzles or orifices for flow rate measurements, using the recommendations in “American Society of Mechanical Engineers Interim Supplement 19.5 on Instruments and Apparatus: Application, Part II of Fluid Meters,” 6th Edition (1971), chapter 4, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (2) (h) 3.

NR 440.76(11)(b)1.e. e. Before each dioxins/furans stack test, or at least once a year, calibrate all signal conversion elements associated with steam, or feed water, flow measurements according to the manufacturer instructions.

NR 440.76(11)(b)2. 2. If your municipal waste combustion unit does not generate steam, or, if your municipal waste combustion units have shared steam systems and steam load cannot be estimated per unit, you shall determine, to the satisfaction of the department, one or more operating parameters that can be used to continuously estimate load level (for example, the feed rate of municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel). You shall continuously monitor the selected parameters.

NR 440.76(11)(c) (c) How do I monitor the temperature of flue gases at the inlet of my particulate matter control device? You shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate a device to continuously measure the temperature of the flue gas stream at the inlet of each particulate matter control device.

NR 440.76(11)(d) (d) How do I monitor the injection rate of activated carbon? If your municipal waste combustion unit uses activated carbon to control dioxins/furans or mercury emissions, you shall meet the following 3 requirements:

NR 440.76(11)(d)1. 1. Select a carbon injection system operating parameter that can be used to calculate carbon feed rate (for example, screw feeder speed).

NR 440.76(11)(d)2. 2. During each dioxins/furans and mercury stack test, determine the average carbon feed rate in kilograms, or pounds, per hour. Also, determine the average operating parameter level that correlates to the carbon feed rate. Establish a relationship between the operating parameter and the carbon feed rate in order to calculate the carbon feed rate based on the operating parameter level.

NR 440.76(11)(d)3. 3. Continuously monitor the selected operating parameter during all periods when the municipal waste combustion unit is operating and combusting waste, and calculate the 8-hour block average carbon feed rate in kilograms, or pounds, per hour, based on the selected operating parameter. When calculating the 8-hour block average, do the following 2 things:

NR 440.76(11)(d)3.a. a. Exclude hours when the municipal waste combustion unit is not operating.

NR 440.76(11)(d)3.b. b. Include hours when the municipal waste combustion unit is operating but the carbon feed system is not working correctly.

NR 440.76(11)(e) (e) What is the minimum amount of monitoring data I must collect with my continuous parameter monitoring systems and is the data collection requirement enforceable?

NR 440.76(11)(e)1. 1. Where continuous parameter monitoring systems are used, you shall obtain 1-hour arithmetic averages for the following 3 parameters:

NR 440.76(11)(e)1.a. a. Load level of the municipal waste combustion unit.

NR 440.76(11)(e)1.b. b. Temperature of the flue gases at the inlet of your particulate matter control device.

NR 440.76(11)(e)1.c. c. Carbon feed rate if activated carbon is used to control dioxins/furans or mercury emissions.

NR 440.76(11)(e)2. 2. You shall obtain at least 2 data points per hour in order to calculate a valid 1-hour arithmetic average.

NR 440.76(11)(e)3. 3. You shall obtain valid 1-hour averages for at least 75% of the operating hours per day for 90% of the operating days per calendar quarter. An operating day is any day the unit combusts any municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel.

NR 440.76(11)(e)4. 4. If you do not obtain the minimum data required in subds. 1. to 3., you are in violation of the data collection requirement and you shall notify the department according to sub. (13) (h) 5.