dAs applicable
e40 CFR 60.716 permits the use of an alternative means of VOC emission limitation that achieves an equivalent or greater VOC emission reduction. a Sub. (4) (a) specifies the procedures to be used prior to modification/reconstruction to establish the applicability of the VOC standards in sub. (3) (c) for modified/reconstructed coating operations. Subsection (4) (a) 1. requires the use of the procedures of sub. (4) (b) 1., 2., 3. or 4., to demonstrate prior to modification/reconstruction that 90% of the applied VOC is recovered or destroyed. Sub. (4) (a) 2. requires the use of procedures of sub. (4) (b) 5. to demonstrate prior to modification/reconstruction that the coating operation has a total enclosure vented to a control device that is at least 92% efficient. Sub. (4) (k) and (L) do not have corresponding test methods, monitoring, reporting or recordkeeping requirements.
b TI denotes thermal incinerator, CI denotes catalytic incinerator; CA denotes carbon adsorber; CO denotes condenser; PE denotes partial enclosure; TE denotes total enclosure.
c See sub. (8) (f) for additional reporting requirements when coating mix preparation equipment is constructed at a time when no coating operation is being constructed. See sub. (8) (g) for addition reporting requirements when coating mix preparation equipment is constructed at the same time as an affected coating operation.
NR 440.71(3)(a)(a) Each owner or operator of any affected facility that is subject to the requirements of this section shall comply with the emission limitations in this subsection on and after the date on which the initial performance test required by s. NR 440.08 is completed, but not later than 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility will be operated or 180 days after initial startup, whichever date comes first. NR 440.71(3)(b)(b) Each owner or operator shall control emissions from a new coating operation by recovering or destroying at least 93% of the VOC content of the coating applied at the coating applicator. NR 440.71(3)(c)(c) Each owner or operator of a modified or reconstructed coating operation shall meet the appropriate standard in subds. 1. to 3., 4. or par. (d). NR 440.71(3)(c)1.1. For coating operations demonstrated prior to modification or reconstruction pursuant to sub. (4) (a) 1. to have emissions controlled by the recovery or destruction of at least 90% of the VOC content of the coating applied at the coating applicator. NR 440.71(3)(c)2.2. Subject to the provisions of subd. 3., each owner or operator shall continue to control emissions from the coating operation to at least the demonstrated level or 93%, whichever is lower. NR 440.71(3)(c)3.3. If the VOC control device in use during the emission reduction demonstration made pursuant to sub. (4) (a) 1. is subsequently replaced, each owner or operator shall: NR 440.71(3)(c)4.4. For coating operations demonstrated prior to modification or reconstruction pursuant to sub. (4) (a) 2. to have a total enclosure installed around the coating operation and all VOC emissions ventilated to a control device that is at least 92% efficient. NR 440.71(3)(c)4.a.a. Subject to the provisions of subd. 4. b., each owner or operator shall continue to ventilate all VOC emissions from the total enclosure to the control device and maintain control device efficiency at or above the demonstrated level or 95%, whichever is lower. NR 440.71(3)(c)4.b.b. If the VOC control device in use during the control device efficiency demonstration made pursuant to sub. (4) (a) 2. is subsequently replaced, each owner or operator shall install a VOC control device that is at least 95% efficient and ventilate all VOC emissions from the total enclosure to the control device. NR 440.71(3)(d)(d) For coating operations not subject to par. (c) 1. to 4., each owner or operator shall control emissions from the coating operation by recovering or destroying at least 93% of the VOC content of the coating applied at the coating applicator. NR 440.71(3)(e)(e) Each owner or operator constructing new coating mix preparation equipment with concurrent construction of a new VOC control device, other than a condenser, on a magnetic tape coating operation shall control emissions from the coating mix preparation equipment by installing and using a cover on each piece of equipment and venting the equipment to a 95% efficient control device. Each cover shall meet the following specifications: NR 440.71(3)(e)1.1. Cover shall be closed at all times except when adding ingredients, withdrawing samples, transferring the contents or making visual inspection when such activities cannot be carried out with cover in place. Such activities shall be carried out through ports of the minimum practical size. NR 440.71(3)(e)2.2. Cover shall extend at least 2 cm beyond the outer rim of the opening or shall be attached to the rim; NR 440.71(3)(e)3.3. Cover shall be of such design and construction that contact is maintained between cover and rim along the entire perimeter; NR 440.71(3)(e)4.4. Any breach in the cover, such as an opening for insertion of a mixer shaft or port for addition of ingredients, shall be covered consistent with par. (c) 2. and 3., when not actively in use. An opening sufficient to allow safe clearance for a mixer shaft is acceptable during those periods when the shaft is in place; and NR 440.71(3)(e)5.5. A polyethylene or nonpermanent cover may be used provided it meets the requirements of par. (c) 2. to 4. A cover may not be reused after once being removed. NR 440.71(3)(f)(f) Each owner or operator of affected coating mix preparation equipment not subject to par. (e) shall control emissions from the coating mix preparation equipment by either: NR 440.71(3)(f)1.1. Installing and using a cover that meets the specifications in par. (c) 1. to 5. and venting VOC emissions from the equipment to a VOC control device; or NR 440.71(3)(g)(g) In lieu of complying with pars. (b) to (f), each owner or operator may use coatings that contain a maximum of 0.20 kg of VOC per liter of coating solids as calculated on a weighted average basis for each nominal 1-month period. NR 440.71(4)(a)(a) The determination of the applicability of sub. (3) (c), standards for modified or reconstructed coating operations, and determination of control level required in sub. (3) (c) 3. b. is as follows: NR 440.71(4)(a)1.1. To establish applicability of sub. (3) (c) 1. to 3., each owner or operator shall demonstrate, prior to modification or reconstruction, that at least 90% of the VOC content of the coating applied at the coating applicator is recovered or destroyed. The demonstration shall be made using the procedures of par. (b) 1., 2., 3. or 4., as appropriate. NR 440.71(4)(a)2.2. To establish applicability of sub. (3) (c) 4., each owner or operator shall demonstrate, prior to modification or reconstruction, that a total enclosure is installed around the existing coating operation and that all VOC emissions are ventilated to a control device that is at least 92% efficient. The demonstration shall be made using the procedures of par. (b) 5. NR 440.71(4)(a)3.a.a. That the VOC control device subsequently installed is at least 95% efficient. Such demonstration shall be made using Equation (2) specified in par. (b) 2. d. or Equations (4) and (5) specified in par. (b) 3. d. and e., as applicable and the test methods and procedures specified in sub. (6) (b) to (g); and NR 440.71(4)(a)3.b.b. That the overall level of control after the VOC control device is installed is at least as high as the level demonstrated prior to modification or reconstruction pursuant to par. (a) 1. Demonstrations shall be made using the procedures of par. (b) 1., 2., 3. or 4., as appropriate. The required overall level of control subsequent to this demonstration shall be the level so demonstrated or 93%, whichever is lower. NR 440.71(4)(b)1.1. To demonstrate compliance with sub. (3) (b), (c) 1. to 3. or (d), standards for coating operations, when emissions from only the affected coating operations are controlled by a dedicated solvent recovery device, each owner or operator of the affected coating operation shall perform a liquid- liquid VOC material balance over each and every nominal 1-month period. When demonstrating compliance by this procedure, s. NR 440.08 (6) does not apply. The amount of liquid VOC applied and recovered shall be determined as discussed in subd. 1. c. The overall VOC emission reduction (R) is calculated using the following equation: NR 440.71(4)(b)1.a.a. The value of RSi is zero unless the owner or operator submits the following information to the administrator for approval of a measured value of RSi, that is greater than zero: 1) Measurement techniques; and
2) Documentation that the measured value of RSi exceeds zero.
NR 440.71(4)(b)1.b.b. The measurement techniques of subd. 1. a. 1) shall be submitted to the administrator for approval. NR 440.71(4)(b)1.c.c. Each owner or operator demonstrating compliance by the test method described in subd. 1. shall: 1) Measure the amount of coating applied at the coating applicator;
2) Determine the VOC content of all coatings applied using the test method specified in sub. (6) (a);
3) Install, calibrate, maintain and operate, according to the manufacturer’s specifications, a device that indicates the cumulative amount of VOC recovered by the solvent recovery device over each nominal 1-month period. The device shall be certified by the manufacturer to be accurate to within ± 2.0%;
4) Measure the amount of VOC recovered; and
5) Calculate the overall VOC emission reduction (R) for each and every nominal 1-month period using Equation 1.
NR 440.71(4)(b)1.d.d. For facilities subject to sub. (3) (b) or (d), compliance is demonstrated if the value of R is equal to or greater than 93%. NR 440.71(4)(b)1.e.e. Subject to the provisions of subd. 1. f., for facilities subject to sub. (3) (c) 1. to 3., compliance is demonstrated if the value of R is equal to or greater than the percent reduction demonstrated pursuant to par. (a) 1. prior to modification or reconstruction or 93%, whichever is lower. NR 440.71(4)(b)1.f.f. For facilities subject to sub. (3) (c) 3., compliance is demonstrated if the value of E (control device efficiency) is greater than or equal to 0.95 and if the value of R is equal to or greater than the percent reduction demonstrated pursuant to par. (a) 3. or 93%, whichever is lower. NR 440.71(4)(b)2.2. To demonstrate compliance with sub. (3) (b), (c) 1. to 3. or (d), standards for coating operations, when the emissions from only an affected coating operation are controlled by a dedicated incinerator or when a common emission control device, other than a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel, is used to control emissions from an affected coating operation as well as from other sources of VOC, each owner or operator of an affected coating operation shall perform a gaseous emission test using the following procedures: NR 440.71(4)(b)2.a.a. Construct the overall VOC emission reduction system so that all volumetric flow rates and total VOC emissions can be accurately determined by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in sub. (6) (b) to (g); NR 440.71(4)(b)2.b.b. Determine capture efficiency from the coating operation by capturing, venting and measuring all VOC emissions from the operation. During a performance test, the owner or operator of an affected coating operation located in an area with other sources of VOC shall isolate the coating operation emissions from all other sources of VOC by one of the following methods: 1) Build a temporary enclosure around the affected coating operation; or
NR 440.71 NoteNote: See sub. (2) (a) 16.
2) Shut down all other sources of VOC and continue to exhaust fugitive emissions from the affected coating operation through any building ventilation system and other room exhausts such as drying ovens. All ventilation air shall be vented through stacks suitable for testing;
NR 440.71(4)(b)2.c.c. Operate the emission control device with all emission sources connected and operating; NR 440.71(4)(b)2.d.d. Determine the efficiency (E) of the control device using the following equation: NR 440.71(4)(b)2.e.e. Determine the efficiency (F) of the VOC capture system using the following equation: NR 440.71(4)(b)2.f.f. For each affected coating operation subject to sub. (3) (b) or (d), compliance is demonstrated if the product of (E)× (F) is equal to or greater than 0.93. NR 440.71(4)(b)2.g.g. For each affected coating operation subject to sub. (3) (c) 2., compliance is demonstrated if the product of (E) × (F) is equal to or greater than the fractional reduction demonstrated pursuant to par. (a) 1. prior to modification or reconstruction or 0.93, whichever is lower. NR 440.71(4)(b)2.h.h. For each affected coating operation subject to sub. (3) (c) 3., compliance is demonstrated if the value of E is greater than or equal to 0.95 and if the product of (E) × (F) is equal to or greater than the fractional reduction demonstrated pursuant to par. (a) 3. or 0.93, whichever is lower. NR 440.71(4)(b)3.3. To demonstrate compliance with sub. (3) (b), (c) 1. to 3. or (d), standards for coating operations, when a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel is used to control emissions from an affected coating operation as well as from other sources of VOC, each owner or operator of an affected coating operation shall perform a gaseous emission test using the following procedures: NR 440.71(4)(b)3.a.a. Construct the overall VOC emission reduction system so that each volumetric flow rate and the total VOC emissions can be accurately determined by the applicable test methods and procedures specified in sub. (6) (b) to (g); NR 440.71(4)(b)3.b.b. Assure that all VOC emissions from the coating operation are segregated from other VOC sources and that the emissions can be captured for measurement, as described in subd. 2. b. 1) and 2); NR 440.71(4)(b)3.c.c. Operate the emission control device with all emission sources connected and operating; NR 440.71(4)(b)3.d.d. Determine the efficiency (Hv) of each individual adsorber vessel (v) using the following equation: NR 440.71(4)(b)3.e.e. Determine the efficiency of the carbon adsorption system (Hsys) by computing the average efficiency of the adsorber vessels as weighted by the volumetric flow rate (Qhv) of each individual adsorber vessel (v) using the following equation: NR 440.71(4)(b)3.f.f. Determine the efficiency (F) of the VOC capture system using Equation (3). NR 440.71(4)(b)3.g.g. For the affected coating operation subject to sub. (3) (b) or (d), compliance is demonstrated if the product of (Hsys) × (F) is equal to or greater than 0.93. NR 440.71(4)(b)3.h.h. For the affected coating operation subject to sub. (3) (c) 2., compliance is demonstrated if the product of (Hsys) × (F) is equal to or greater than the fractional reduction demonstrated pursuant to par. (a) 1. prior to modification or reconstruction or 0.93, whichever is lower. NR 440.71(4)(b)3.i.i. For each affected coating operation subject to sub. (3) (c) 3., compliance is demonstrated if the value of Hsys is greater than or equal to 0.95 and if the product of (Hsys)× (F) is equal to or greater than the fractional reduction demonstrated pursuant to par. (a) 3. or 0.93, whichever is lower. NR 440.71(4)(b)4.4. To demonstrate compliance with sub. (3) (b), (c) 1. to 3. or (d), standards for coating operations, when the VOC emissions from more than one affected coating operation are collected by a common capture system and are vented through a common duct to a control device that is also controlling emissions from nonaffected sources and the emissions from the nonaffected sources are vented separately from the affected coating operations, the owner or operator may: NR 440.71(4)(b)4.a.a. Consider the combined affected coating operations as single emission source; and NR 440.71(4)(b)4.b.b. Conduct a compliance test on this single source by the methods described in subd. 2. or 3., as applicable. NR 440.71(4)(b)5.5. An alternative method of demonstrating compliance with sub. (3) (b) or (d), standards for coating operations, and the sole method of demonstrating compliance with sub. (3) (c) 4., standards for modified or reconstructed coating operations, is the installation of a total enclosure around the coating operation and the ventilation of all VOC emissions from the total enclosure to a control device with the efficiency specified in par. (b) 5. c. 1) or 2), as applicable. If this method is selected, the compliance test methods described in par. (b) 1. to 4. are not required. Instead, each owner or operator of an affected coating operation shall: NR 440.71(4)(b)5.a.a. Demonstrate that a total enclosure is installed. An enclosure that meets the requirements in subd. 5. a. 1) to 4) shall be assumed to be a total enclosure. The owner or operator of an enclosed coating operation that does not meet the requirements may apply to the administrator for approval of the enclosure as a total enclosure on a case-by-case basis. The enclosure shall be considered a total enclosure if it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the administrator that all VOC emissions from the affected coating operation are contained and vented to the control device. The requirements for automatic approval are as follows: 1) Total area of all natural draft openings may not exceed 5% of the total surface area of the total enclosure’s walls, floor and ceiling;
2) All sources of emissions within the enclosure shall be a minimum of 4 equivalent diameters away from each natural draft opening;
3) Average inward face velocity across all natural draft openings (FV) shall be a minimum of 3,600 meters per hour as determined by the following procedures:
a) Construct all forced makeup air ducts and all exhaust ducts so that the volumetric flow rate in each can be accurately determined by the test methods and procedures specified in sub. (6) (c) and (d). Volumetric flow rates shall be calculated without the adjustment normally made for moisture content; and
b) Determine FV by the following equation:
4) The air passing through all natural draft openings shall flow into the enclosure continuously. If FV is less than or equal to 9,000 meters per hour, the continuous inward flow of air shall be verified by continuous observation using smoke tubes, streamers, tracer gases or other means approved by the administrator over the period that the volumetric flow tests required to determine FV are carried out. If FV is greater than 9,000 meters per hour, the direction of airflow through the natural draft openings shall be presumed to be inward at all times without verification.
