where:
Ehoo is the adjusted hourly sulfur dioxide emission rate, ng/J (lb/million Btu)
Eho is the hourly sulfur dioxide emission rate, ng/J (lb/million Btu)
Ew is the sulfur dioxide concentration in fuels other than coal and oil combusted in the affected facility, as determined by the fuel sampling and analysis procedures in Method 19, ng/J (lb/million Btu). The value Ew for each fuel lot is used for each hourly average during the time that the lot is being combusted.
Xk is the fraction of total heat input from fuel combustion derived from coal, oil, or coal and oil, as determined by applicable procedures in Method 19
NR 440.205(6)(c)3.b.b. To compute the percent of potential sulfur dioxide emission rate (%Ps), an adjusted %Rg (%Rgo) is computed from the adjusted Eaoo from subd. 3. a. and an adjusted average sulfur dioxide inlet rate (Eaio) using the following formula: To compute Eai°, an adjusted hourly sulfur dioxide inlet rate (Ehi°) is used. The Ehi° is computed using the following formula: where:
Ehi° is the adjusted hourly sulfur dioxide inlet rate, ng/J (lb/million Btu)
Ehi is the hourly sulfur dioxide inlet rate, ng/J (lb/million Btu)
NR 440.205(6)(c)4.4. The owner or operator of an affected facility subject to subd. 3. does not have to measure parameters Ew or Xk if the owner or operator elects to assume that Xk = 1.0. Owners or operators of affected facilities who assume Xk = 1.0 shall determine %Ps, following the procedures in subd. 2., and sulfur dioxide emissions (Es) shall be considered to be in compliance with sulfur dioxide emission limits under sub. (3). NR 440.205(6)(c)5.5. The owner or operator of an affected facility that qualifies under the provisions of sub. (3) (d) does not have to measure parameters Ew or Xk under subd. 3. if the owner or operator of the affected facility elects to measure sulfur dioxide emission rates of the coal or oil following the fuel sampling and analysis procedures under Method 19. NR 440.205(6)(d)(d) Except as provided in par. (j), the owner or operator of an affected facility that combusts only very low sulfur oil, has an annual capacity factor for oil of 10% (0.10) or less, and is subject to a federally enforceable requirement limiting operation of the affected facility to an annual capacity factor for oil of 10% (0.10) or less shall: NR 440.205(6)(d)1.1. Conduct the initial performance test over 24 consecutive steam generating unit operating hours at full load; NR 440.205(6)(d)2.2. Determine compliance with the standards after the initial performance test based on the arithmetic average of the hourly emissions data during each steam generating unit operating day if a continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) is used, or based on a daily average if Method 6B, Appendix A of 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17, or fuel sampling and analysis procedures under Method 19, Appendix A of 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17, are used. NR 440.205(6)(e)(e) The owner or operator of an affected facility subject to sub. (3) (d) 1., shall demonstrate the maximum design capacity of the steam generating unit by operating the facility at maximum capacity for 24 hours. This demonstration will be made during the initial performance test and a subsequent demonstration may be requested at any other time. If the 24-hour average firing rate for the affected facility is less than the maximum design capacity provided by the manufacturer of the affected facility, the 24-hour average firing rate shall be used to determine the capacity utilization rate for the affected facility, otherwise the maximum design capacity provided by the manufacturer shall be used. NR 440.205(6)(f)(f) For the initial performance test required under s. NR 440.08, compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limits and percent reduction requirements under sub. (3) is based on the average emission rates and the average percent reduction for sulfur dioxide for the first 30 consecutive steam generating unit operating days, except as provided under par. (d). The initial performance test is the only test for which at least 30 days prior notice is required unless otherwise specified by the department. The initial performance test is to be scheduled so that the first steam generating unit operating day of the 30 successive steam generating unit operating days is completed within 30 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility will be operated, but not later than 180 days after initial startup of the facility. The boiler load during the 30-day period does not have to be the maximum design load, but shall be representative of future operating conditions and include at least one 24-hour period at full load. NR 440.205(6)(g)(g) After the initial performance test required under s. NR 440.08, compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limits and percent reduction requirements under sub. (3) is based on the average emission rates and the average percent reduction for sulfur dioxide for 30 successive steam generating unit operating days, except as provided under par. (d). A separate performance test shall be completed at the end of each steam generating unit operating day after the initial performance test, and a new 30-day average emission rate and percent reduction for sulfur dioxide shall be calculated to show compliance with the standard. NR 440.205(6)(h)(h) Except as provided under par. (i), the owner or operator of an affected facility shall use all valid sulfur dioxide emissions data in calculating %Ps and Eho under par. (c), whether or not the minimum emissions data requirements under sub. (7) are achieved. All valid emissions data, including valid sulfur dioxides emission data collected during periods of startup, shutdown and malfunctions, shall be used in calculating %Ps and Eho pursuant to par. (c). NR 440.205(6)(i)(i) During periods of malfunction or maintenance of the sulfur dioxide control systems when oil is combusted as provided under sub. (3) (i), emission data are not used to calculate %Ps or Es under sub. (3) (a), (b) or (c). However, the emissions data are used to determine compliance with the emission limit under sub. (3) (i). NR 440.205(6)(j)(j) The owner or operator of an affected facility that combusts very low sulfur oil is not subject to the compliance and performance testing requirements of this subsection if the owner or operator obtains fuel receipts as described in sub. (10) (r). NR 440.205(7)(7) Compliance and performance test methods and procedures for particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. NR 440.205(7)(a)(a) The particulate matter emission standards and opacity limits under sub. (4) apply at all times except during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction. The nitrogen oxides emission standards under sub. (5) apply at all times. NR 440.205(7)(b)(b) Compliance with the particulate matter emission standards under sub. (4) shall be determined through performance testing as described in par. (d). NR 440.205(7)(c)(c) Compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission standards under sub. (5) shall be determined through performance testing under par. (e) or (f), or under pars. (g) and (h), as applicable. NR 440.205(7)(d)(d) To determine compliance with the standards for particulate matter emission limits and opacity limits under sub. (4), the owner or operator of an affected facility shall conduct an initial performance test as required under s. NR 440.08 using the following procedures and reference methods. These reference methods and procedures are in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, which is incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17. NR 440.205(7)(d)1.1. Method 3B is used for gas analysis when applying Method 5 or Method 17. NR 440.205(7)(d)2.2. Method 5, Method 5B, or Method 17 shall be used to measure the concentration of particulate matter as follows: NR 440.205(7)(d)2.a.a. Method 5 shall be used at affected facilities without wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems; and NR 440.205(7)(d)2.b.b. Method 17 may be used at facilities with or without wet scrubber systems provided the stack gas temperature does not exceed a temperature of 160°C (320°F). The procedures of ss. 2.1 and 2.3 of Method 5B may be used in Method 17 only if it is used after a wet FGD system. Do not use Method 17 after wet FGD systems if the effluent is saturated or laden with water droplets. NR 440.205(7)(d)3.3. Method 1 is used to select the sampling site and the number of traverse sampling points. The sampling time for each run shall be at least 120 minutes and the minimum sampling volume is 1.7 dscm (60 dscf) except that smaller sampling times or volumes may be approved by the department when necessitated by process variables or other factors. NR 440.205(7)(d)4.4. For Method 5, the temperature of the sample gas in the probe and filter holder is monitored and is maintained at 160 ± 14°C (320 ± 25°F). NR 440.205(7)(d)5.5. For determination of particulate emissions, the oxygen or carbon dioxide sample is obtained simultaneously with each run of Method 5, Method 5B or Method 17 by traversing the duct at the sampling location. NR 440.205(7)(d)6.6. For each run using Method 5, Method 5B or Method 17, the emission rate expressed in nanograms per joule heat input is determined using: NR 440.205(7)(d)6.a.a. The oxygen or carbon dioxide measurements and particulate matter measurements obtained under this subsection, NR 440.205(7)(e)(e) To determine compliance with the emission limits for nitrogen oxides required under sub. (5), the owner or operator of an affected facility shall conduct the performance test as required under s. NR 440.08 using the continuous system for monitoring nitrogen oxides under sub. (9). NR 440.205(7)(e)1.1. For the initial compliance test, nitrogen oxides from the steam generating unit shall be monitored for 30 successive steam generating unit operating days and the 30-day average emission rate is used to determine compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission standards under sub. (5). The 30-day average emission rate is calculated as the average of all hourly emissions data recorded by the monitoring system during the 30-day test period. NR 440.205(7)(e)2.2. Following the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under s. NR 440.08, whichever date comes first, the owner or operator of an affected facility which combusts coal or which combusts residual oil having a nitrogen content greater than 0.30 weight % shall determine compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission standards under sub. (5) on a continuous basis through the use of a 30-day rolling average emission rate. A new 30-day rolling average emission rate is calculated each steam generating unit operating day as the average of all of the hourly nitrogen oxides emission data for the preceding 30 steam generating unit operating days. NR 440.205(7)(e)3.3. Following the date on which the initial performance test is completed or is required to be completed under s. NR 440.08, whichever date comes first, the owner or operator of an affected facility which has a heat input capacity greater than 73 MW (250 million Btu/hour) and which combusts natural gas, distillate oil, or residual oil having a nitrogen content of 0.30 weight % or less shall determine compliance with the nitrogen oxides standards under sub. (5) on a continuous basis through the use of a 30-day rolling average emission rate. A new 30-day rolling average emission rate is calculated each steam generating unit operating day as the average of all of the hourly nitrogen oxides emission data for the preceding 30 steam generating unit operating days. NR 440.205(7)(e)4.4. Following the date on which the initial performance test is completed or required to be completed under s. NR 440.08, whichever date comes first, the owner or operator of an affected facility which has a heat input capacity of 73 MW (250 million Btu/hour) or less and which combusts natural gas, distillate oil, or residual oil having a nitrogen content of 0.30 weight % or less shall, upon request, determine compliance with the nitrogen oxides standards under sub. (5) through the use of a 30-day performance test. During periods when performance tests are not requested, nitrogen oxides emissions data collected pursuant to sub. (9) (g) 1. or 2. are used to calculate a 30-day rolling average emission rate on a daily basis and used to prepare excess emission reports, but will not be used to determine compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission standards. A new 30-day rolling average emission rate is calculated each steam generating unit operating day as the average of all of the hourly nitrogen oxides emission data for the preceding 30 steam generating unit operating days. NR 440.205(7)(e)5.5. If the owner or operator of an affected facility which combusts residual oil does not sample and analyze the residual oil for nitrogen content, as specified in sub. (10) (e), the requirements of subd. 2. apply and the provisions of subd. 4. are inapplicable. NR 440.205(7)(f)(f) To determine compliance with the emission limit for NOx required by sub. (5) (a) 4. or (L) for duct burners used in combined cycle systems, either of the procedures described in subd. 1. or 2. may be used: NR 440.205(7)(f)1.1. The owner or operator of an affected facility shall conduct the performance test required under s. NR 440.08 as follows: NR 440.205(7)(f)1.a.a. The emissions rate (E) of NOx shall be computed using Equation 1 of this section: E = Esg + (Hg/Hb)(Esg - Eg) Equation 1
where:
E is the emissions rate of NOx from the duct burner, ng/J (lb/million Btu) heat input
Esg is the combined effluent emissions rate, in ng/J (lb/million Btu) heat input using appropriate F-Factor as described in Method 19
Hg is the heat input rate to the combustion turbine, in Joules/hour (million Btu/hour)
Hb is the heat input rate to the duct burner, in Joules/hour (million Btu/hour)
Eg is the emissions rate from the combustion turbine, in ng/J (lb/million Btu) heat input calculated using appropriate F-Factor as described in Method 19
NR 440.205(7)(f)1.b.b. Method 7E shall be used to determine the NOx concentrations. Method 3A or 3B shall be used to determine oxygen concentration. NR 440.205(7)(f)1.c.c. The owner or operator shall identify and demonstrate to the department’s satisfaction suitable methods to determine the average hourly heat input rate to the combustion turbine and the average hourly heat input rate to the affected duct burner. NR 440.205(7)(f)1.d.d. Compliance with the emissions limits under sub. (5) (a) 4. or (L) shall be determined by the 3-run average (nominal 1-hour runs) for the initial and subsequent performance tests. NR 440.205(7)(f)2.2. The owner or operator of an affected facility may elect to determine compliance on a 30-day rolling average basis by using the continuous emission monitoring system specified under sub. (9) for measuring NOx and oxygen and meet the requirements of sub. (9). The sampling site shall be located at the outlet from the steam generating unit. The NOx emissions rate at the outlet from the steam generating unit shall constitute the NOx emissions rate from the duct burner of the combined cycle system. NR 440.205(7)(g)(g) The owner or operator of an affected facility described in sub. (5) (j) or (k) shall demonstrate the maximum heat input capacity of the steam generating unit by operating the facility at maximum capacity for 24 hours. The owner or operator of an affected facility shall determine the maximum heat input capacity using the heat loss method described in Sections 5 and 7.3 of the ASME Power Test Codes 4.1, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17. This demonstration of maximum heat input capacity shall be made during the initial performance test for affected facilities that meet the criteria of sub. (5) (j). It shall be made within 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility will be operated, but not later than 180 days after initial startup of each facility, for affected facilities meeting the criteria of sub. (5) (k). Subsequent demonstrations may be required by the department at any other time. If this demonstration indicates that the maximum heat input capacity of the affected facility is less than that stated by the manufacturer of the affected facility, the maximum heat input capacity determined during this demonstration shall be used to determine the capacity utilization rate for the affected facility. Otherwise, the maximum heat input capacity provided by the manufacturer is used. NR 440.205(7)(h)(h) The owner or operator of an affected facility described in sub. (5) (j) that has a heat input capacity greater than 73 MW (250 million Btu/hour) shall: NR 440.205(7)(h)1.1. Conduct an initial performance test as required under s. NR 440.08 over a minimum of 24 consecutive steam generating unit operating hours at maximum heat input capacity to demonstrate compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission standards under sub. (5) using Method 7, 7A or 7E of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17, or other approved reference methods; and NR 440.205(7)(h)2.2. Conduct subsequent performance tests once per calendar year or every 400 hours or operation (whichever comes first) to demonstrate compliance with the nitrogen oxides emission standards under sub. (5) over a minimum of 3 consecutive steam generating unit operating hours at maximum heat input capacity using Method 7, 7A, 7E or other approved reference methods. NR 440.205(8)(a)(a) Except as provided in pars. (b) and (f), the owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the sulfur dioxide standards under sub. (3) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) for measuring sulfur dioxide concentrations and either oxygen (O2) or carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and shall record the output of the systems. The sulfur dioxide and either oxygen or carbon dioxide concentrations shall both be monitored at the inlet and outlet of the sulfur dioxide control device. NR 440.205(8)(b)(b) As an alternative to operating CEMS as required under par. (a), an owner or operator may elect to determine the average sulfur dioxide emissions and percent reduction by: NR 440.205(8)(b)1.1. Collecting coal or oil samples in an as-fired condition at the inlet to the steam generating unit and analyzing them for sulfur and heat content according to Method 19 of Appendix A, 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17. Method 19 provides procedures for converting these measurements into the format to be used in calculating the average sulfur dioxide input rate, or NR 440.205(8)(b)2.2. Measuring sulfur dioxide according to Method 6B of Appendix A, 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17, at the inlet or outlet to the sulfur dioxide control system. An initial stratification test is required to verify the adequacy of the Method 6B sampling location. The stratification test shall consist of 3 paired runs of a suitable sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide measurement train operated at the candidate location and a second similar train operated according to the procedures in Section 3.2 and the applicable procedures in Section 7 of Performance Specification 2 of Appendix B, 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17. Method 6B, Method 6A, or a combination of Methods 6 and 3 or 3B or Methods 6C and 3A, all in Appendix A of 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17, are suitable measurement techniques. If Method 6B is used for the second train, sampling time and timer operation may be adjusted for the stratification test as long as an adequate sample volume is collected; however, both sampling trains are to be operated similarly. For the location to be adequate for Method 6B 24-hour tests, the mean of the absolute difference between the 3 paired runs shall be less than 10%. NR 440.205(8)(b)3.3. A daily sulfur dioxide emission rate, ED, shall be determined using the procedure described in Method 6A, Section 7.6.2 (equation 6A-8) and stated in ng/J (lb/million Btu) heat input. NR 440.205(8)(b)4.4. The mean 30-day emission rate is calculated using the daily measured values in ng/J (lb/million Btu) for 30 successive steam generating unit operating days using equation 19-20 of Method 19. NR 440.205(8)(c)(c) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall obtain emission data for at least 75% of the operating hours in at least 22 out of 30 successive boiler operating days. If this minimum data requirement is not met with a single monitoring system, the owner or operator of the affected facility shall supplement the emission data with data collected with other monitoring systems as approved by the department or the reference methods and procedures as described in par. (b). NR 440.205(8)(d)(d) The 1-hour average sulfur dioxide emission rates measured by the CEMS required by par. (a) and required under s. NR 440.13 (8) shall be expressed in ng/J or lb/million Btu heat input and shall be used to calculate the average emission rates under sub. (3). Each 1-hour average sulfur dioxide emission rate shall be based on more than 30 minutes of steam generating unit operation and include at least 2 data points with each representing a 15-minute period. Hourly sulfur dioxide emission rates are not calculated if the affected facility is operated less than 30 minutes in a 1-hour period and are not counted toward determination of a steam generating unit operating day. NR 440.205(8)(e)(e) The procedures in s. NR 440.13 shall be followed for installation, evaluation, and operation of the CEMS. NR 440.205(8)(e)1.1. All CEMS shall be operated in accordance with the applicable procedures under Performance Specifications 1, 2, and 3, Appendix B, 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17. NR 440.205(8)(e)2.2. Quarterly accuracy determinations and daily calibration drift tests shall be performed in accordance with Procedure 1 of Appendix F, 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17. NR 440.205(8)(e)3.3. For affected facilities combusting coal or oil, alone or in combination with other fuels, the span value of the sulfur dioxide CEMS at the inlet to the sulfur dioxide control device shall be 125% of the maximum estimated hourly potential sulfur dioxide emissions of the fuel combusted, and the span value of the CEMS at the outlet to the sulfur dioxide control device shall be 50% of the maximum estimated hourly potential sulfur dioxide emissions of the fuel combusted. NR 440.205(8)(f)(f) The owner or operator of an affected facility that combusts very low sulfur oil is not subject to the emission monitoring requirements of this subsection if the owner or operator obtains fuel receipts as described in sub. (10) (r). NR 440.205(9)(9) Emission monitoring for particulate matter and nitrogen oxides. NR 440.205(9)(a)(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility subject to the opacity standard under sub. (4) shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous monitoring system for measuring the opacity of emissions discharged to the atmosphere and record the output of the system. NR 440.205(9)(b)(b) Except as provided under pars. (g), (h) and (i), the owner or operator of an affected facility shall comply with one of the following: NR 440.205(9)(b)1.1. Install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous monitoring system, and record the output of the system, for measuring nitrogen oxides emissions discharged to the atmosphere. NR 440.205(9)(b)2.2. If the owner or operator has installed a nitrogen oxides emission rate continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) to meet the requirements of 40 CFR part 75 and is continuing to meet the ongoing requirements of 40 CFR part 75, that CEMS may be used to meet the requirements of this subsection, except that the owner or operator shall also meet the requirements of sub. (10). Data reported to meet the requirements of sub. (10) may not include data substituted using the missing data procedures in 40 CFR part 75, subpart D, nor shall the data have been bias adjusted according to the procedures of 40 CFR part 75. NR 440.205(9)(c)(c) The continuous monitoring systems required under par. (b) shall be operated and data recorded during all periods of operation of the affected facility except for continuous monitoring system breakdowns and repairs. Data shall be recorded during calibration checks, and zero and span adjustments. NR 440.205(9)(d)(d) The 1-hour average nitrogen oxides emission rates measured by the continuous nitrogen oxides monitor required by par. (b) and required under s. NR 440.13 shall be expressed in ng/J or lb/million Btu heat input and shall be used to calculate the average emission rates under sub. (5). The 1-hour averages shall be calculated using the data points required under s. NR 440.13 (2). At least 2 data points shall be used to calculate each 1-hour average. NR 440.205(9)(e)(e) The procedures under s. NR 440.13 shall be followed for installation, evaluation, and operation of the continuous monitoring systems. NR 440.205(9)(e)1.1. For affected facilities combusting coal, wood or municipal-type solid waste, the span value for a continuous monitoring system for measuring opacity shall be between 60 and 80%. NR 440.205(9)(e)2.2. For affected facilities combusting coal, oil, or natural gas, the span value for nitrogen oxides is determined as follows: where:
x is the fraction of total heat input derived from natural gas
