NR 440.20(6)(d)2.2. Bypassing flue gases around only those flue gas desulfurization system modules that have been taken out of operation because they were incapable of any sulfur dioxide emission reduction or which would have suffered significant physical damage if they had remained in operation, and NR 440.20(6)(d)3.3. Designing, constructing and operating a spare flue gas desulfurization system module for an affected facility larger than 365 MW (1,250 million Btu/hr) heat input (approximately 125 MW electrical output capacity). The department may at its discretion require the owner or operator within 60 days of notification to demonstrate spare module capability. To demonstrate this capability, the owner or operator shall demonstrate compliance with the appropriate requirements under sub. (4) (a), (b), (d) and (h) for any period of operation lasting from 24 hours to 30 days when: NR 440.20(6)(d)3.c.c. The fuel fired during the 24-hour to 30-day period is representative of the type and average sulfur content of fuel used over a typical 30-day period, and NR 440.20(6)(d)3.d.d. The owner or operator has given the department at least 30 days notice of the date and period of time over which the demonstration will be performed. NR 440.20(6)(e)(e) Compliance after the initial performance test. After the initial performance test required under s. NR 440.08, compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limitations and percentage reduction requirements under sub. (4) and the nitrogen oxides emission limitations under sub. (5) shall be based on the average emission rate for 30 successive boiler operating days. A separate performance test is completed at the end of each boiler operating day after the initial performance test, and a new 30-day average emission rate for both sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides and a new percent reduction of sulfur dioxide are calculated to show compliance with the standards. NR 440.20(6)(f)(f) Initial performance test. For the initial performance test required under s. NR 440.08, compliance with the sulfur dioxide emission limitations and percent reduction requirements under sub. (4) and the nitrogen oxides emission limitation under sub. (5) shall be based on the average emission rates for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and percent reduction for sulfur dioxide for the first 30 successive boiler operating days. The initial performance test is the only test in which at least 30 days prior notice is required unless otherwise specified by the department. The initial performance test shall be scheduled so that the first boiler operating day of the 30 successive boiler operating days is completed within 60 days after achieving the maximum production rate at which the affected facility will be operated, but not later than 180 days after initial startup of the facility. NR 440.20(6)(g)(g) Compliance calculations for SO2 and NOx. Compliance shall be determined by calculating the arithmetic average of all hourly emission rates for SO2 and NOx for the 30 successive boiler operating days, except for data obtained during startup, shutdown, malfunction (NOx only) or emergency conditions (SO2 only). Compliance with the percentage reduction requirement for SO2 shall be determined based on the average inlet and average outlet SO2 emission rates for the 30 successive boiler operating days. NR 440.20(6)(h)(h) Quantity of emission data below minimum. If an owner or operator has not obtained the minimum quantity of emission data as required under sub. (7), compliance of the affected facility with the emission requirements under subs. (4) and (5) for the day on which the 30-day period ends may be determined by the department by following the applicable procedures in section 7.0 of Method 19, 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17. NR 440.20(6)(i)(i) Compliance provisions for sources subject to sub. (5) (d) 1. The owner or operator of an affected facility subject to sub. (5) (d) 1. (new source constructed after July 7, 1997) shall calculate NOx emissions by multiplying the average hourly NOx output concentration measured according to the provisions of sub. (7) (c) by the average hourly flow rate measured according to the provisions of sub. (7) (L) and divided by the average hourly gross energy output measured according to the provisions of sub. (7) (k). NR 440.20(6)(j)(j) Compliance provisions for duct burners subject to sub. (5) (a) 1. To determine compliance with the emissions limits for NOx required by sub. (5) (a) for duct burners used in combined cycle systems, the owner or operator of an affected duct burner shall use one of the following procedures: NR 440.20(6)(j)1.1. Conduct the performance test required under s. NR 440.08 using the appropriate methods in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1). Compliance with the emissions limits under sub. (5) (a) 1. shall be determined on the average of 3 (nominal 1-hour) runs for the initial and subsequent performance tests. During the performance test, one sampling site shall be located in the exhaust of the turbine prior to the duct burner. A second sampling site shall be located at the outlet from the heat recovery steam generating unit. Measurements shall be taken at both sampling sites during the performance test. NR 440.20(6)(j)2.2. Use the continuous emission monitoring system specified under sub. (7) for measuring NOx and oxygen and meet the requirements of sub. (7). Data from a CEMS certified or recertified according to the provisions of 40 CFR 75.20, meeting the QA and QC requirements of 40 CFR 75.21, and validated according to 40 CFR 75.23, may be used. The sampling site shall be located at the outlet from the steam generating unit. The NOx emission rate at the outlet from the steam generating unit shall constitute the NOx emission rate from the duct burner of the combined cycle system. NR 440.20(6)(k)(k) Compliance provisions for duct burners subject to sub. (5) (d) 1. To determine compliance with the emissions limits for NOx required by sub. (5) (d) 1. for duct burners used in combined cycle systems, either of the procedures described in subd. 1. or 2. shall be used. where
E is the emission rate of NOx from the duct burner, ng/J (lb/Mwh) gross output
Csg is the average hourly concentration of NOx exiting the steam generating unit, ng/dscm (lb/dscf)
Cte is the average hourly concentration of NOx in the turbine exhaust upstream from duct burner, ng/dscm (lb/dscf)
Qsg is the average hourly volumetric flow rate of exhaust gas from steam generating unit, dscm/hr (dscf/hr)
Qte is the average hourly volumetric flow rate of exhaust gas from combustion turbine, dscm/hr (dscf/hr)
Osg is the average hourly gross energy output from steam generating unit, J (Mwh)
h is the average hourly fraction of the total heat input to the steam generating unit derived from the combustion of fuel in the affected duct burner
NR 440.20(6)(k)1.b.b. Use Method 7E in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), to determine the NOx concentrations (Csg and Cte). Use Method 2, 2F or 2G in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, as appropriate, to determine the volumetric flow rates (Qsg and Qte) of the exhaust gases. The volumetric flow rate measurements shall be taken at the same time as the concentration measurements. NR 440.20(6)(k)1.c.c. Develop, demonstrate and provide information satisfactory to the department to determine the average hourly gross energy output from the steam generating unit, and the average hourly percentage of the total heat input to the steam generating unit derived from the combustion of fuel in the affected duct burner. NR 440.20(6)(k)1.d.d. Determine compliance with the emissions limits under sub. (5) (d) 1. by the 3-run average (nominal 1-hour runs) for the initial and subsequent performance tests. NR 440.20(6)(k)2.2. Use a 30-day rolling average basis by doing all of the following: where:
E is the emission rate of NOx from the duct burner, ng/J (lb/Mwh) gross output
Csg is the average hourly concentration of NOx exiting the steam generating unit, ng/dscm (lb/dscf)
Qsg is the average hourly volumetric flow rate of exhaust gas from steam generating unit, dscm/hr (dscf/hr)
Occ is the average hourly gross energy output from entire combined cycle unit, J (Mwh)
NR 440.20(6)(k)2.b.b. Use the continuous emissions monitoring system specified under sub. (7) for measuring NOx and oxygen to determine the average hourly NOx concentrations (Csg). The continuous flow monitoring system specified in sub. (7) (L) shall be used to determine the volumetric flow rate (Qsg) of the exhaust gas. The sampling site shall be located at the outlet from the steam generating unit. Data from a continuous flow monitoring system certified or recertified following procedures specified in 40 CFR 75.20, meeting the quality assurance and quality control requirements of 40 CFR 75.21 and validated according to 40 CFR 75.23 may be used. NR 440.20(6)(k)2.c.c. Use the continuous monitoring system specified under sub. (7) (k) for measuring and determining gross energy output to determine the average hourly gross energy output from the entire combined cycle unit (Occ), which is the combined output from the combustion turbine and the steam generating unit. NR 440.20(6)(k)2.d.d. The owner or operator may, in lieu of installing, operating and recording data from the continuous flow monitoring system specified in sub. (7) (L), determine the mass rate (lb/hr) of NOx emissions by installing, operating and maintaining continuous fuel flow meters following the appropriate measurements procedures specified in 40 CFR part 75, Appendix D, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1). If this compliance option is selected, the emission rate (E) of NOx shall be computed using the following equation: where:
E is the emission rate of NOx from the duct burner, ng/J (lb/Mwh) gross output
ERsg is the average hourly emission rate of NOx exiting the steam generating unit heat input calculated using appropriate F-factor as described in Method 19 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), ng/J (lb/million Btu) Hcc is the average hourly heqt input rate of entire combined cycle unit, J/hr (million Btu/hr)
Occ is the average hourly gross energy output from entire combined cycle unit, J(Mwh)
NR 440.20(6)(k)3.3. When an affected duct burner steam generating unit utilizes a common steam turbine with one or more affected duct burner steam generating units, the owner or operator shall do one of the following: NR 440.20(6)(k)3.a.a. Determine compliance with the applicable NOx emissions limits by measuring the emissions combined with the emissions from the other units utilizing the common steam turbine. NR 440.20(6)(k)3.b.b. Develop, demonstrate and provide information satisfactory to the department on methods for apportioning the combined gross energy output from the steam turbine for each of the affected duct burners. The department may approve a demonstrated substitute method for apportioning the combined gross energy output measured at the steam turbine whenever the demonstration ensures accurate estimation of emissions regulated under this section. NR 440.20(7)(a)(a) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous monitoring system, and record the output of the system, for measuring the opacity of emissions discharged to the atmosphere, except where gaseous fuel is the only fuel combusted. If opacity interference due to water droplets exists in the stack (for example, from the use of a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system), the opacity shall be monitored upstream of the interference (at the inlet to the FGD system). If opacity interference is experienced at all locations (both at the inlet and outlet of the sulfur dioxide control system), alternate parameters indicative of the particulate matter control system’s performance shall be monitored (subject to the approval of the department). NR 440.20(7)(b)(b) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous monitoring system, and record the output of the system, for measuring sulfur dioxide emissions, except where natural gas is the only fuel combusted, as follows: NR 440.20(7)(b)1.1. Sulfur dioxide emissions shall be monitored at both the inlet and outlet of the sulfur dioxide control device. NR 440.20(7)(b)2.2. For a facility which qualifies under the provisions of sub. (4) (d), sulfur dioxide emissions shall only be monitored as discharged to the atmosphere. NR 440.20(7)(b)3.3. An “as fired” fuel monitoring system (upstream of coal pulverizers) meeting the requirements of Method 19, 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17, may be used to determine potential sulfur dioxide emissions in place of a continuous sulfur dioxide emission monitor at the inlet to the sulfur dioxide control device as required under subd. 1. NR 440.20(7)(c)1.1. The owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous monitoring system, and record the output of the system for measuring nitrogen oxides emissions discharged to the atmosphere, except as provided in subd. 2. NR 440.20(7)(c)2.2. If the owner or operator has installed a nitrogen oxides emission rate continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) to meet the requirements of 40 CFR part 75 and is continuing to meet the ongoing requirements of 40 CFR part 75, that CEMS may be used to meet the requirement of this paragraph, except that the owner or operator shall also meet the requirements of sub. (9). Data reported to meet the requirements of sub. (9) may not include data substituted using the missing data procedures in 40 CFR part 75, subpart D, nor shall the data have been bias adjusted according to the procedures of 40 CFR part 75. NR 440.20(7)(d)(d) The owner or operator of an affected facility shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate a continuous monitoring system, and record the output of the system, for measuring the oxygen or carbon dioxide content of the flue gases at each location where sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides emissions are monitored. NR 440.20(7)(e)(e) The continuous monitoring systems under pars. (b), (c) and (d) shall be operated and data recorded during all periods of operation of the affected facility including periods of startup, shutdown, malfunction or emergency conditions, except for continuous monitoring system breakdowns, repairs, calibration checks and zero and span adjustments. NR 440.20(7)(f)(f) The owner or operator shall obtain emission data for at least 18 hours in at least 22 out of 30 successive boiler operating days. If this minimum data requirement cannot be met with a continuous monitoring system, the owner or operator shall supplement emission data with other monitoring systems approved by the department or the reference methods and procedures as described in par. (h). NR 440.20(7)(g)(g) The one-hour averages required under s. NR 440.13 (8) shall be expressed in ng/J (lbs/million Btu) heat input and used to calculate the average emission rates under sub. (6). The one-hour averages shall be calculated using the data points required under s. NR 440.13 (2). At least 2 data points shall be used to calculate the one-hour averages. NR 440.20(7)(h)(h) When it becomes necessary to supplement continuous monitoring system data to meet the minimum data requirements in par. (f), the owner or operator shall use the reference methods and procedures as specified in this paragraph. Acceptable alternative methods and procedures are given in par. (j). NR 440.20(7)(h)1.1. Method 6 shall be used to determine the SO2 concentration at the same location as the SO2 monitor. Samples shall be taken at 60 minute intervals. The sampling time and sample volume for each sample shall be at least 20 minutes and 0.020 dscm (0.71 dscf). Each sample represents a 1-hour average. NR 440.20(7)(h)2.2. Method 7 shall be used to determine the NOx concentration at the same location as the NOx monitor. Samples shall be taken at 30-minute intervals. The arithmetic average of 2 consecutive samples represent a 1-hour average. NR 440.20(7)(h)3.3. The emission rate correction factor, integrated bag sampling and analysis procedure of Method 3B shall be used to determine the O2 or CO2 concentration at the same location as the O2 or CO2 monitor. Samples shall be taken for at least 30 minutes in each hour. Each sample represents a 1-hour average. NR 440.20(7)(h)4.4. The procedures in Method 19 shall be used to compute each 1-hour average concentration in ng/J (lb/million Btu) heat input. NR 440.20(7)(i)(i) The owner or operator shall use methods and procedures in this paragraph to conduct monitoring system performance evaluations under s. NR 440.13 (3) and calibration checks under s. NR 440.13 (4). Acceptable alternative methods and procedures are given in par. (j). NR 440.20(7)(i)1.1. Methods 3B, 6 and 7 shall be used to determine O2, SO2 and NOx concentrations, respectively. NR 440.20(7)(i)2.2. SO2 or NOx (NO), as applicable, shall be used for preparing the calibration gas mixtures (in N2, as applicable) under Performance Specification 2 of Appendix B of 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17. NR 440.20(7)(i)3.3. For affected facilities burning only fossil fuel, the span value for a continuous monitoring system for measuring opacity shall be between 60 and 80% and for a continuous monitoring system measuring nitrogen oxides shall be determined as follows: where:
x is the fraction of total heat input derived from gaseous fossil fuel
y is the fraction of total heat input derived from liquid fossil fuel
z is the fraction of total heat input derived from solid fossil fuel
NR 440.20(7)(i)4.4. All span values computed under par. (b) 3. for burning combinations of fossil fuels shall be rounded to the nearest 500 ppm. NR 440.20(7)(i)5.5. For affected facilities burning fossil fuel, alone or in combination with nonfossil fuel, the span value of the sulfur dioxide continuous monitoring system at the inlet to the sulfur dioxide control device shall be 125% of the maximum estimated hourly potential emissions of the fuel fired, and the outlet of the sulfur dioxide control device shall be 50% of maximum estimated hourly potential emissions of the fuel fired. NR 440.20(7)(j)(j) The owner or operator may use the following as alternatives to the reference methods and procedures specified in this subsection. All test methods are in Appendix A of 40 CFR part 60, incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17. NR 440.20(7)(j)1.1. For Method 6, Method 6A or 6B (whenever Methods 6 and 3 or 3B data are used) or 6C may be used. Each Method 6B sample obtained over 24 hours represents 24 1-hour averages. If Method 6A or 6B is used under par. (i), the conditions under s. NR 440.19 (7) (d) 1. apply; these conditions do not apply under par. (h). NR 440.20(7)(j)2.2. For Method 7, Method 7A, 7C, 7D or 7E may be used. If Method 7C, 7D or 7E is used, the sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour. NR 440.20(7)(j)3.3. For Method 3, Method 3A may be used if the sampling time is 1 hour. NR 440.20(7)(k)(k) The procedures specified in subds. 1. to 3. shall be used to determine gross output for sources demonstrating compliance with the output-based standard under sub. (5) (d) 1. NR 440.20(7)(k)1.1. The owner or operator of an affected facility with electricity generation shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate a wattmeter; measure gross electrical output in megawatt-hours on a continuous basis and record the output of the monitor. NR 440.20(7)(k)2.2. The owner or operator of an affected facility with process steam generation shall install, calibrate, maintain and operate meters for steam flow, temperature and pressure; measure gross process steam output in joules per hour (Btu per hour) on a continuous basis and record the output of the monitor. NR 440.20(7)(k)3.3. For affected facilities generating process steam in combination with electrical generation, the gross energy output is determined from the gross electrical output measured in accordance with subd. 1. plus 50% of the gross thermal output of the process steam measured in accordance with subd. 2. NR 440.20(7)(L)(L) The owner or operator of an affected facility demonstrating compliance with the output-based standard under sub. (5) (d) 1. shall do one of the following: NR 440.20(7)(L)1.1. Install, certify, operate and maintain a continuous flow monitoring system meeting the requirements of Performance Specification 6 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix B, and Procedure 1 in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, both incorporated by reference in s. NR 440.17 (1), and record the output of the system for measuring the flow of exhaust gases discharged to the atmosphere.
