Chapter 968

968.04(1)(c) (c) A judge may specify geographical limits for enforcement of a warrant.

968.04(1)(d) (d) An examination of the complainant or witness under sub. (1) may take place by telephone on request of the person seeking the warrant or summons unless good cause to the contrary appears. The judge shall place each complainant or witness under oath and arrange for all sworn testimony to be recorded, either by a court reporter or by means of a voice recording device. The judge shall have the record transcribed. The transcript, certified as accurate by the judge or reporter, as appropriate, shall be filed with the court. If the testimony was recorded by means of a voice recording device, the judge shall also file the original recording with the court.

968.04(2) (2) Summons.

968.04(2)(a) (a) In any case the district attorney, after the issuance of a complaint, may issue a summons in lieu of requesting the issuance of a warrant. The complaint shall then be filed with the clerk.

968.04(2)(b) (b) In misdemeanor actions where the maximum imprisonment does not exceed 6 months, the judge shall issue a summons instead of a warrant unless the judge believes that the defendant will not appear in response to a summons.

968.04(2)(c) (c) If a person summoned fails to appear in response to a summons issued by a district attorney, the district attorney may proceed to file the complaint as provided in s. 968.02 and, in addition to endorsing his or her approval on the complaint, shall endorse upon the complaint the fact that the accused failed to respond to a summons.

968.04(3) (3) Mandatory provisions.

968.04(3)(a) (a) Warrant. The warrant shall:

968.04(3)(a)1. 1. Be in writing and signed by the judge.

968.04(3)(a)2. 2. State the name of the crime and the section charged and number of the section alleged to have been violated.

968.04(3)(a)3. 3. Have attached to it a copy of the complaint.

968.04(3)(a)4. 4. State the name of the person to be arrested, if known, or if not known, designate the person to be arrested by any description by which the person to be arrested can be identified with reasonable certainty.

968.04(3)(a)5. 5. State the date when it was issued and the name of the judge who issued it together with the title of the judge’s office.

968.04(3)(a)6. 6. Command that the person against whom the complaint was made be arrested and brought before the judge issuing the warrant, or, if the judge is absent or unable to act, before some other judge in the same county.

968.04(3)(a)7. 7. The warrant shall be in substantially the following form:

STATE OF WISCONSIN,

.... County

State of Wisconsin

vs.

.... (Defendant(s))

THE STATE OF WISCONSIN TO ANY LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER:

A complaint, copy of which is attached, having been filed with me accusing the defendant(s) of committing the crime of .... contrary to sec. ...., Stats., and I having found that probable cause exists that the crime was committed by the defendant(s).

You are, therefore, commanded to arrest the defendant(s) and bring .... before me, or, if I am not available, before some other judge of this county.

Dated ...., .... (year)

....(Signature)

....(Title)

968.04(3)(a)8. 8. The complaint and warrant may be on the same form. The warrant shall be beneath the complaint. If separate forms are used, a copy of the complaint shall be attached to the warrant.

968.04(3)(b) (b) Summons.

968.04(3)(b)1. 1. The summons shall command the defendant to appear before a court at a certain time and place and shall be in substantially the form set forth in subd. 3.

968.04(3)(b)2. 2. A summons may be served anywhere in the state and it shall be served by delivering a copy to the defendant personally or by leaving a copy at the defendant’s usual place of abode with a person of discretion residing therein or by mailing a copy to the defendant’s last-known address. It shall be served by a law enforcement officer.

968.04(3)(b)3. 3. The summons shall be in substantially the following form:

968.04(3)(b)3.a. a. When issued by a judge:

STATE OF WISCONSIN,

.... County

State of Wisconsin

vs.

.... (Defendant)

THE STATE OF WISCONSIN TO SAID DEFENDANT:

A complaint, copy of which is attached, having been filed with me accusing the defendant of committing the crime of .... contrary to sec. ...., Stats., and I having found that probable cause exists that the crime was committed by the defendant.

You, ...., are, therefore, summoned to appear before Branch .... of the .... court of .... County at the courthouse in the City of .... to answer said complaint, on ...., ...., (year) at .... o’clock in the .... noon, and in case of your failure to appear, a warrant for your arrest will be issued.

Dated ...., .... (year)

....(Signature)

....(Title)

968.04(3)(b)3.b. b. When issued by a district attorney:

STATE OF WISCONSIN,

.... County

State of Wisconsin

vs.

.... (Defendant)

THE STATE OF WISCONSIN TO SAID DEFENDANT:

A complaint, copy of which is attached, having been made before me accusing the defendant of committing the crime of .... contrary to sec. ...., Stats.

You, ...., are, therefore, summoned to appear before Branch .... of the .... court of .... County at the courthouse in the City of .... to answer said complaint, on ...., .... (year), at .... o’clock in the .... noon, and in case of your failure to appear, a warrant for your arrest may be issued.

Dated ...., .... (year)

.... (Signature)

.... District Attorney

968.04(3)(b)4. 4. The complaint and summons may be on the same form. The summons shall be beneath the complaint. If separate forms are used, a copy of the complaint shall be attached to the summons.

968.04(4) (4) Service.

968.04(4)(a) (a) The warrant shall be directed to all law enforcement officers of the state. A warrant may be served anywhere in the state.

968.04(4)(b) (b) A warrant is served by arresting the defendant and informing the defendant as soon as practicable of the nature of the crime with which the defendant is charged.

968.04(4)(c) (c) An arrest may be made by a law enforcement officer without a warrant in the law enforcement officer’s possession when the law enforcement officer has knowledge that a warrant has been issued. In such case, the officer shall inform the defendant as soon as practicable of the nature of the crime with which the defendant is charged.

968.04(4)(d) (d) The law enforcement officer arresting a defendant shall endorse upon the warrant the time and place of the arrest and the law enforcement officer’s fees and mileage therefor.

968.04 History History: 1973 c. 12; 1975 c. 39, 41, 199; 1977 c. 449 ss. 480, 497; 1983 a. 535; Sup. Ct. Order, 141 Wis. 2d xiii (1987); 1987 a. 151; 1993 a. 486; 1997 a. 250; Sup. Ct. Order No. 19-01, 2019 WI 44, 386 Wis. 2d xvii.

968.04 Note Judicial Council Note, 1988: Sub. (1) (d) permits an arrest warrant or summons to be issued upon the basis of sworn recorded testimony received by telephone on request of the person seeking the warrant or summons unless good cause to the contrary appears. The telephone procedure permits faster processing of the application, while preserving a record of the basis for subsequent review. [Re Order effective Jan. 1, 1988]

968.04 Annotation To be constitutionally sufficient to support the issuance of an arrest warrant and to show probable cause, a complaint must contain the essential facts constituting the offense charged. A complaint was fatally defective in merely repeating the language of the statute allegedly violated. State v. Williams, 47 Wis. 2d 242, 177 N.W.2d 611 (1970).

968.04 Annotation A warrant was properly issued upon sworn testimony of a sheriff that an accomplice had confessed and implicated the defendant, since reliable hearsay is permitted and a confession is not inherently untrustworthy. Okrasinski v. State, 51 Wis. 2d 210, 186 N.W.2d 314 (1971).

968.04 Annotation When a complaint alleged that a reliable informant procured a sample of drugs from the defendant’s apartment, the inference that the informant observed the defendant’s possession of a controlled substance satisfied the Aguilar, 378 U.S. 108 (1964), test. Scott v. State, 73 Wis. 2d 504, 243 N.W.2d 215 (1976).

968.04 Annotation A criminal prosecution is properly and timely commenced by a John Doe complaint and arrest warrant that identify the defendant solely by a DNA profile, which meets the requirement of sub. (3) (a) 4. that if the defendant’s name is not known the person to be arrested must be identified by any description by which the person to be arrested can be identified with reasonable certainty. State v. Dabney, 2003 WI App 108, 264 Wis. 2d 843, 663 N.W.2d 366, 02-2445.

968.04 Annotation Applicable law allows electronic transmission of certain confidential case information among clerks of circuit court, county sheriff’s offices, and the Department of Justice through electronic interfaces involving the Department of Administration’s Office of Justice Assistance, specifically including electronic data messages about adult arrest warrants if either the warrant or the case in which it was issued has been ordered sealed by the court. OAG 2-10.

968.04 Note NOTE: See also the notes to article I, section 11, of the Wisconsin Constitution.

968.05 968.05 Corporations or limited liability companies: summons in criminal cases.

968.05(1) (1) When a corporation or limited liability company is charged with the commission of a criminal offense, the judge or district attorney shall issue a summons setting forth the nature of the offense and commanding the corporation or limited liability company to appear before a court at a specific time and place.

968.05(2) (2) The summons for the appearance of a corporation or limited liability company may be served as provided for service of a summons upon a corporation or limited liability company in a civil action. The summons shall be returnable not less than 10 days after service.

968.05 History History: 1993 a. 112.

968.05 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See s. 973.17 for a provision for default judgment against a corporation.

968.06 968.06 Indictment by grand jury. Upon indictment by a grand jury a complaint shall be issued, as provided by s. 968.02, upon the person named in the indictment and the person shall be entitled to a preliminary hearing under s. 970.03, and all proceedings thereafter shall be the same as if the person had been initially charged under s. 968.02 and had not been indicted by a grand jury.

968.06 History History: 1979 c. 291.

968.07 968.07 Arrest by a law enforcement officer.

968.07(1) (1) A law enforcement officer may arrest a person when:

968.07(1)(a) (a) The law enforcement officer has a warrant commanding that such person be arrested; or

968.07(1)(b) (b) The law enforcement officer believes, on reasonable grounds, that a warrant for the person’s arrest has been issued in this state; or

968.07(1)(c) (c) The law enforcement officer believes, on reasonable grounds, that a felony warrant for the person’s arrest has been issued in another state; or

968.07(1)(d) (d) There are reasonable grounds to believe that the person is committing or has committed a crime.

968.07(1m) (1m) Notwithstanding sub. (1), a law enforcement officer shall arrest a person when required to do so under s. 813.12 (7), 813.122 (10), 813.125 (6), 813.128 (3g) (b), or 968.075 (2) (a) or (5) (e).

968.07(2) (2) A law enforcement officer making a lawful arrest may command the aid of any person, and such person shall have the same power as that of the law enforcement officer.

968.07(3) (3) If the alleged violator under s. 948.55 (2) or 948.60 (2) (c) is or was the parent or guardian of a child who is injured or dies as a result of an accidental shooting, no law enforcement officer may arrest the alleged violator until at least 7 days after the date of the shooting.

968.07 History History: 1991 a. 139; 1993 a. 486; 2005 a. 104; 2015 a. 352.

968.07 Annotation If the police have probable cause for arrest without a warrant, they may break down a door to effect the arrest after announcing their purpose in demanding admission. The remedy for excessive force is not dismissal of the criminal charge. Nadolinski v. State, 46 Wis. 2d 259, 174 N.W.2d 483 (1970).

968.07 Annotation An arrest based solely on evidence discovered after an illegal search is invalid. State ex rel. Furlong v. Waukesha County Court, 47 Wis. 2d 515, 177 N.W.2d 333 (1970).

968.07 Annotation While probable cause for an arrest without a warrant requires that an officer have more than a mere suspicion, the officer does not need the same quantum of evidence necessary for conviction, but information that would lead a reasonable officer to believe that guilt is more than a possibility, which information can be based in part on hearsay. State v. DiMaggio, 49 Wis. 2d 565, 182 N.W.2d 466 (1971).