Chapter 71

71.45(2)(a)19.b. b. If any taxable year for which the modification under subd. 19. a. is required is a fractional year under s. 71.44 (2) (c), the difference between the modification allowed for the fractional year and the modification allowed for the 12-month taxable year shall be a modification for the first taxable year beginning after December 31, 2018.

71.45(2)(a)20. 20. By adding to federal taxable income any amount deducted under the Internal Revenue Code as moving expenses, as defined in s. 71.01 (8j), paid or incurred during the taxable year to move the taxpayer’s Wisconsin business operation, in whole or in part, to a location outside the state or to move the taxpayer’s business operations outside the United States.

71.45(2)(a)21. 21.

71.45(2)(a)21.a. a. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2019, by subtracting from federal taxable income an amount equal to the gain excluded from federal gross income in the taxable year due to the application of 26 USC 1400Z-2 (b) (2) (B) (iii) for an investment held in a Wisconsin qualified opportunity fund for at least 5 years or 26 USC 1400Z-2 (b) (2) (B) (iv) for an investment held in a Wisconsin qualified opportunity fund for at least 7 years. In this subdivision, “Wisconsin qualified opportunity fund” has the meaning given in s. 71.05 (25m) (a) 2.

71.45(2)(a)21.b. b. In the form and manner prescribed by the department, a fund shall annually certify to each investor and the department that it qualifies as a Wisconsin qualified opportunity fund for the fund’s taxable year. A fund shall make the annual certifications under this subd. 21. b. no later than the due date, including extensions, of the fund’s corresponding income or franchise tax return under this chapter.

71.45(2)(a)22. 22. By subtracting from federal taxable income, to the extent included in federal taxable income, income received in the form of allocations issued by this state with moneys received from the coronavirus relief fund authorized under 42 USC 801 to be used for any of the following purposes:

71.45(2)(a)22.a. a. Broadband expansion.

71.45(2)(a)22.b. b. Privately owned movie theater grants.

71.45(2)(a)22.c. c. A nonprofit grant program.

71.45(2)(a)22.d. d. A tourism grants program.

71.45(2)(a)22.e. e. A cultural organization grant program.

71.45(2)(a)22.f. f. Music and performance venue grants.

71.45(2)(a)22.g. g. Lodging industry grants.

71.45(2)(a)22.h. h. Low-income home energy assistance.

71.45(2)(a)22.i. i. A rental assistance program.

71.45(2)(a)22.j. j. Supplemental child care grants.

71.45(2)(a)22.k. k. A food insecurity initiative.

71.45(2)(a)22.L. L. A farm support program.

71.45(2)(a)22.m. m. Grants to small businesses.

71.45(2)(a)22.n. n. Ethanol industry assistance.

71.45(2)(a)22.o. o. Wisconsin Eye.

71.45(2)(a)23. 23. By subtracting from federal taxable income, to the extent included in federal taxable income, income received in the form of a grant issued by the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation during and related to the COVID-19 pandemic under the ethnic minority emergency grant program. Amounts otherwise deductible under this chapter that are paid directly or indirectly with the grant money are deductible.

71.45(2)(a)24. 24. By subtracting from federal taxable income, to the extent included in federal taxable income, income received in the form of a grant from the restaurant revitalization fund under section 5003 of the federal American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, P.L. 117-2. Amounts otherwise deductible under this chapter that are paid directly or indirectly with the grant money are deductible. Amounts excluded under this subdivision by a tax-option corporation or partnership shall be treated as tax-exempt income for purposes of sections 705 and 1366 of the Internal Revenue Code.

71.45(2)(b) (b)

71.45(2)(b)1. 1. With respect to any domestic insurer engaged in the sale of life insurance and also other insurance, the net income figure derived by application of par. (a) shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the net gain from operations on insurance, other than life insurance, and the denominator of which is the total net gain from operations; except that the multiplier is zero if the numerator is zero or the numerator is negative and the adjusted federal taxable income is positive or the numerator is positive and the adjusted federal taxable income is negative, and except that the multiplier is one if the numerator is positive and the denominator is zero or negative and the adjusted federal taxable income is positive or the numerator is negative and the denominator is zero or positive and the adjusted federal taxable income is negative or the numerator, the denominator and the adjusted federal taxable income are positive and the numerator is greater than the denominator, and except that if the numerator and denominator are both negative and the adjusted federal taxable income is negative the multiplier is positive but may not be more than one.

71.45(2)(b)2. 2. For purposes of the numerator, “net gain from operations on insurance, other than life insurance” includes net income, after dividends to policyholders, but before federal income taxes and foreign income or franchise taxes, from fire and casualty insurance; net gain from operations, after dividends to policyholders and before federal income taxes, from accident and health insurance; and net realized capital gains or losses on investments from accident and health insurance operations, said net realized capital gains or losses to be apportioned among life and accident and health insurance lines in the same manner as net investment income is required to be apportioned by the commissioner of insurance. “Net gain from operations”, “net income”, “net realized capital gains or losses”, and “net investment income” shall be calculated and reported as required under rules adopted by the commissioner of insurance.

71.45(2)(b)3. 3. For purposes of the denominator, “total net gain from operations” includes net income, after dividends to policyholders, but before federal income taxes and foreign income or franchise taxes, from fire and casualty insurance; net gain from operations after dividends to policyholders and before federal income taxes, from accident and health and life insurance; and net realized capital gains or losses on investments from accident and health and life insurance operations. “Net income”, “net gain from operations”, and “net realized capital gains or losses” shall be calculated and reported as required under rules adopted by the commissioner of insurance.

71.45(2)(b)4. 4. The resultant figure shall constitute Wisconsin net income for purposes of the Wisconsin franchise tax measured by net income except with respect to such of said insurers as had, in the taxable year, premiums written on insurance other than life insurance where the subject of such insurance was resident, located or to be performed outside this state.

71.45(3) (3) Apportionment. Except as provided in sub. (3d), to determine Wisconsin income for purposes of the franchise tax, domestic insurers that, in the taxable year, have received premiums, other than life insurance premiums, written for insurance on property or risks resident, located or to be performed outside this state shall multiply the net income figure derived by application of sub. (2) by the arithmetic average of the following 2 percentages:

71.45(3)(a) (a) Subject to sub. (3d), the percentage determined by dividing the sum of direct premiums written for insurance other than life insurance, with respect to all property and risks resident, located, or to be performed in this state, and assumed premiums written for reinsurance, other than life insurance, with respect to all property and risks resident, located, or to be performed in this state, by the sum of direct premiums written for insurance on all property and risks, other than life insurance, wherever located, and assumed premiums written for reinsurance on all property and risks, other than life insurance, wherever located. In this paragraph, “direct premiums” means direct premiums as reported for the taxable year on an annual statement that is filed by the insurer with the commissioner of insurance under s. 601.42 (1g) (a). In this paragraph, “assumed premiums” means assumed reinsurance premiums from domestic insurance companies as reported for the taxable year on an annual statement that is filed with the commissioner of insurance under s. 601.42 (1g) (a).

71.45(3)(b) (b)

71.45(3)(b)1. 1. Subject to sub. (3d), the percentage determined by dividing the payroll, exclusive of life insurance payroll, paid in this state in the taxable year by total payroll, exclusive of life insurance payroll, paid everywhere in the taxable year.

71.45(3)(b)2. 2. Under subd. 1., payroll is paid in this state if the individual’s service is performed entirely in this state; or the individual’s service is performed both in and outside of this state, but the service performed outside of this state is incidental to the individual’s service in this state; or some service is performed in this state and the base of operations, or if there is no base of operations, the place from which the service is directed or controlled is in this state, or the base of operations or the place from which the service is directed or controlled is not in any state in which some part of the service is performed, but the individual’s residence is in this state.

71.45(3d) (3d) Phase in; domestic insurers.

71.45(3d)(a) (a) For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2005, and before January 1, 2007, a domestic insurer that is subject to apportionment under sub. (3) and this subsection shall multiply the net income figure derived by the application of sub. (2) by an apportionment fraction composed of the percentage under sub. (3) (a) representing 60 percent of the fraction and the percentage under sub. (3) (b) 1. representing 40 percent of the fraction.

71.45(3d)(b) (b) For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2006, and before January 1, 2008, a domestic insurer that is subject to apportionment under sub. (3) and this subsection shall multiply the net income figure derived by the application of sub. (2) by an apportionment fraction composed of the percentage under sub. (3) (a) representing 80 percent of the fraction and the percentage under sub. (3) (b) 1. representing 20 percent of the fraction.

71.45(3d)(c) (c) For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2007, a domestic insurer that is subject to apportionment under sub. (3) and this subsection shall multiply the net income figure derived by the application of sub. (2) by the percentage under sub. (3) (a).

71.45(3e) (3e) Apportionment formula computation.

71.45(3e)(a) (a)

71.45(3e)(a)1. 1. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2008, if both the numerator and the denominator used to determine the percentage under sub. (3) (a) related to a taxpayer’s net income are zero, the percentage under sub. (3) (a) is eliminated from the apportionment formula to determine the taxpayer’s income under sub. (3).

71.45(3e)(a)2. 2. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2007, if both the numerator and the denominator used to determine the percentage under sub. (3) (a) related to a taxpayer’s net income are zero, none of the taxpayer’s net income is apportioned to this state.

71.45(3e)(b) (b)

71.45(3e)(b)1. 1. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2008, if the numerator used to determine the percentage under sub. (3) (a) related to a taxpayer’s net income is a negative number and the denominator used to determine the percentage under sub. (3) (a) related to a taxpayer’s net income is a positive number, a negative number, or zero, the percentage under sub. (3) (a) is zero.

71.45(3e)(b)2. 2. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2007, if the numerator used to determine the percentage under sub. (3) (a) related to a taxpayer’s net income is a negative number and the denominator used to determine the percentage under sub. (3) (a) related to a taxpayer’s net income is a positive number, a negative number, or zero, none of the taxpayer’s net income is apportioned to this state.

71.45(3e)(c) (c)

71.45(3e)(c)1. 1. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2008, if the numerator used to determine the percentage under sub. (3) (a) related to a taxpayer’s net income is a positive number and the denominator used to determine the percentage under sub. (3) (a) related to a taxpayer’s net income is zero or a negative number, the percentage under sub. (3) (a) is one.

71.45(3e)(c)2. 2. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2007, if the numerator used to determine the percentage under sub. (3) (a) related to a taxpayer’s net income is a positive number and the denominator used to determine the percentage under sub. (3) (a) related to a taxpayer’s net income is zero or a negative number, all of the taxpayer’s net income is apportioned to this state.

71.45(3m) (3m) Arithmetic average. Except as provided in sub. (3d), the arithmetic average of the 2 percentages referred to in sub. (3) shall be applied to the net income figure arrived at by the successive application of sub. (2) (a) and (b) with respect to Wisconsin insurers to which sub. (2) (a) and (b) applies and which have received premiums, other than life insurance premiums, written for insurance on property or risks resident, located or to be performed outside this state, to arrive at Wisconsin income constituting the measure of the franchise tax.

71.45(3r) (3r) Allocation of certain proceeds. All income that is realized from the purchase and subsequent sale or redemption of lottery prizes if the winning tickets were originally bought in this state shall be allocated to this state.

71.45(4) (4) Net business loss carry-forward.

71.45(4)(a) (a) Except as provided in par. (b) and s. 71.80 (25), insurers computing tax under this subchapter may subtract from Wisconsin net income any Wisconsin net business loss incurred in any of the 20 immediately preceding taxable years, if the insurer was subject to taxation under this chapter in the taxable year in which the loss was incurred, to the extent not offset by Wisconsin net business income of any year between the loss year and the taxable year for which an offset is claimed and computed without regard to sub. (2) (a) 8. and 9. and this subsection and limited to the amount of net income, but no loss incurred for a taxable year before taxable year 1987 by a nonprofit service plan of sickness care under ch. 148, or dental care under s. 447.13 may be treated as a net business loss of the successor service insurer under ch. 613 operating by virtue of s. 148.03 or 447.13.

71.45(4)(b) (b) An insurer that is part of a combined group under s. 71.255 may offset against its Wisconsin net business income any unused pre-2009 net business loss carry-forward under s. 71.255 (6) (bm) for the 20 taxable years that begin after December 31, 2011.

71.45(5) (5) Exceptions. The net income of a cooperative health care association organized under s. 185.981, or of a service insurance corporation organized under ch. 613, that is derived from a health maintenance organization, as defined in s. 609.01 (2), or a limited service health organization, as defined in s. 609.01 (3), is the net income that would be determined if the cooperative health care association or service insurance corporation were subject to federal income taxation and as if that income were that of an insurance company.

71.45(6) (6) Partnerships and limited liability companies.

71.45(6)(a) (a) A general or limited partner’s share of the numerator and denominator of a partnership’s apportionment factors under this section are included in the numerator and denominator of the general or limited partner’s apportionment factors under this section.

71.45(6)(b) (b) If a limited liability company is treated as a partnership, for federal tax purposes, a member’s share of the numerator and denominator of a limited liability company’s apportionment factors under this section are included in the numerator and denominator of the member’s apportionment factors under this section.

71.45 History History: 1987 a. 312; 1989 a. 31, 336, 359; 1991 a. 37, 39, 269; 1993 a. 16, 112, 263, 437; 1995 a. 27, 56, 371, 380; 1997 a. 27, 37, 237; 1999 a. 9, 65; 1999 a. 150 s. 672; 1999 a. 167, 194; 2001 a. 16, 38, 109; 2003 a. 37, 85, 99, 135, 255, 326; 2005 a. 74, 297, 335, 361, 479, 483; 2007 a. 20, 96, 226; 2009 a. 2, 28, 165, 205, 265, 269, 295, 332, 344; 2011 a. 3, 5, 32, 212, 232; 2011 a. 260 s. 80; 2013 a. 20, 145, 165; 2015 a. 55, 216; 2017 a. 59, 197; 2019 a. 7, 9, 54, 136; 2021 a. 1, 127, 156; 2023 a. 138, 146.

71.45 Annotation Revisions to sub. (1) by 1995 Wis. Act 27 were constitutional. Group Health Cooperative of Eau Claire v. DOR, 229 Wis. 2d 846, 601 N.W.2d 1 (Ct. App. 1999), 98-1264.

71.46 71.46 Rates of taxation.

71.46(1) (1) The taxes to be assessed, levied and collected upon Wisconsin net incomes of corporations shall be computed at the rate of 7.9 percent.

71.46(2) (2) The corporation franchise tax imposed under s. 71.43 (2) and measured by Wisconsin net income shall be computed at the rate of 7.9 percent.

71.46(3) (3) The tax imposed under this subchapter on each domestic insurer on or measured by its entire net income attributable to lines of insurance in this state may not exceed 2 percent of the gross premiums, as defined in s. 76.62, received during the taxable year by the insurer on all policies on those lines of insurance if the subject of that insurance was resident, located or to be performed in this state plus 7.9 percent of the income that is realized from the sale of or purchase and subsequent sale or redemption of lottery prizes if the winning tickets were originally bought in this state.

71.46 History History: 1987 a. 312; 1999 a. 9.

71.47 71.47 Credits.

71.47(1) (1) Community development finance credit.

71.47(1)(a) (a) Any corporation which contributes an amount to the community development finance authority under s. 233.03, 1985 stats., or to the housing and economic development authority under s. 234.03 (32) and in the same year purchases common stock or partnership interests of the community development finance company issued under s. 233.05 (2), 1985 stats., or s. 234.95 (2) in an amount no greater than the contribution to the authority, may credit against taxes otherwise due an amount equal to 75 percent of the purchase price of the stock or partnership interests. The credit received under this paragraph may not exceed 75 percent of the contribution to the community development finance authority.

71.47(1)(b) (b) Any corporation receiving a credit under this subsection may carry forward to the next succeeding 15 taxable years the amount of the credit not offset against taxes for the year of purchase to the extent not offset by those taxes otherwise due in all intervening years between the year for which the credit was computed and the year for which the carry-forward is claimed.

71.47(1)(c) (c) A claimant who has filed a timely claim under this subsection may file an amended claim with the department of revenue within 4 years of the last day prescribed by law for filing the original claim.

71.47(1)(d) (d) No credit may be claimed under this subsection for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013. Credits under this subsection for taxable years that begin before January 1, 2014, may be carried forward to taxable years that begin after December 31, 2013.

71.47(1dm) (1dm) Development zone capital investment credit.

71.47(1dm)(a) (a) In this subsection:

71.47(1dm)(a)1. 1. “Certified” means entitled under s. 238.395 (3) (a) 4. or s. 560.795 (3) (a) 4., 2009 stats., to claim tax benefits or certified under s. 238.395 (5) or 238.398 (3) or s. 560.795 (5), 2009 stats., or s. 560.798 (3), 2009 stats.

71.47(1dm)(a)2. 2. “Claimant” means a person who files a claim under this subsection.

71.47(1dm)(a)3. 3. “Development zone” means a development opportunity zone under s. 238.395 (1) (e) and (f) or 238.398 or s. 560.795 (1) (e) and (f), 2009 stats., or s. 560.798, 2009 stats.

71.47(1dm)(a)4. 4. “Previously owned property” means real property that the claimant or a related person owned during the 2 years prior to the department of commerce or the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation designating the place where the property is located as a development zone and for which the claimant may not deduct a loss from the sale of the property to, or an exchange of the property with, the related person under section 267 of the Internal Revenue Code, except that section 267 (b) of the Internal Revenue Code is modified so that if the claimant owns any part of the property, rather than 50 percent ownership, the claimant is subject to section 267 (a) (1) of the Internal Revenue Code for purposes of this subsection.

71.47(1dm)(b) (b) Subject to the limitations provided in this subsection and in s. 73.03 (35), for any taxable year for which the claimant is certified, a claimant may claim as a credit against the taxes imposed under s. 71.43 an amount that is equal to 3 percent of the following:

71.47(1dm)(b)1. 1. The purchase price of depreciable, tangible personal property.

71.47(1dm)(b)2. 2. The amount expended to acquire, construct, rehabilitate, remodel, or repair real property in a development zone.

71.47(1dm)(c) (c) A claimant may claim the credit under par. (b) 1., if the tangible personal property is purchased after the claimant is certified and the personal property is used for at least 50 percent of its use in the claimant’s business at a location in a development zone or, if the property is mobile, the property’s base of operations for at least 50 percent of its use is at a location in a development zone.

71.47(1dm)(d) (d) A claimant may claim the credit under par. (b) 2. for an amount expended to construct, rehabilitate, remodel, or repair real property, if the claimant began the physical work of construction, rehabilitation, remodeling, or repair, or any demolition or destruction in preparation for the physical work, after the place where the property is located was designated a development zone, or if the completed project is placed in service after the claimant is certified. In this paragraph, “physical work” does not include preliminary activities such as planning, designing, securing financing, researching, developing specifications, or stabilizing the property to prevent deterioration.

71.47(1dm)(e) (e) A claimant may claim the credit under par. (b) 2. for an amount expended to acquire real property, if the property is not previously owned property and if the claimant acquires the property after the place where the property is located was designated a development zone, or if the completed project is placed in service after the claimant is certified.

71.47(1dm)(f) (f) No credit may be allowed under this subsection unless the claimant includes with the claimant’s return:

71.47(1dm)(f)1. 1. A copy of the verification that the claimant may claim tax benefits under s. 238.395 (3) (a) 4. or s. 560.795 (3) (a) 4., 2009 stats., or is certified under s. 238.395 (5) or 238.398 (3) or s. 560.795 (5), 2009 stats., or s. 560.798 (3), 2009 stats.

71.47(1dm)(f)2. 2. A statement from the department of commerce or the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation verifying the purchase price of the investment and verifying that the investment fulfills the requirements under par. (b).

71.47(1dm)(g) (g) In calculating the credit under par. (b) a claimant shall reduce the amount expended to acquire property by a percentage equal to the percentage of the area of the real property not used for the purposes for which the claimant is certified and shall reduce the amount expended for other purposes by the amount expended on the part of the property not used for the purposes for which the claimant is certified.

71.47(1dm)(h) (h) The carry-over provisions of s. 71.28 (4) (e) and (f) as they relate to the credit under s. 71.28 (4) relate to the credit under this subsection.

71.47(1dm)(hm) (hm) A claimant may claim the credit under this subsection, including any credits carried over, against the amount of the tax otherwise due under this subchapter.

71.47(1dm)(i) (i) Partnerships, limited liability companies, and tax-option corporations may not claim the credit under this subsection, but the eligibility for, and the amount of, that credit shall be determined on the basis of their economic activity, not that of their shareholders, partners, or members. The corporation, partnership, or limited liability company shall compute the amount of credit that may be claimed by each of its shareholders, partners, or members and provide that information to its shareholders, partners, or members. Partners, members of limited liability companies, and shareholders of tax-option corporations may claim the credit based on the partnership’s, company’s, or corporation’s activities in proportion to their ownership interest and may offset it against the tax attributable to their income from the partnership’s, company’s, or corporation’s business operations in the development zone; except that partners, members, and shareholders in a development zone under s. 238.395 (1) (e) or s. 560.795 (1) (e), 2009 stats., may offset the credit against the amount of the tax attributable to their income.

71.47(1dm)(j) (j) If a person who is entitled under s. 238.395 (3) (a) 4. or s. 560.795 (3) (a) 4., 2009 stats., to claim tax benefits becomes ineligible for such tax benefits, or if a person’s certification under s. 238.395 (5) or 238.398 (3) or s. 560.795 (5), 2009 stats., or s. 560.798 (3), 2009 stats., is revoked, that person may claim no credits under this subsection for the taxable year that includes the day on which the person becomes ineligible for tax benefits, the taxable year that includes the day on which the certification is revoked, or succeeding taxable years, and that person may carry over no unused credits from previous years to offset tax under this chapter for the taxable year that includes the day on which the person becomes ineligible for tax benefits, the taxable year that includes the day on which the certification is revoked, or succeeding taxable years.