Chapter 441

441.06(4) (4) Except as provided in ss. 257.03 and 440.077, no person may practice or attempt to practice professional nursing, nor use the title, letters, or anything else to indicate that he or she is a registered or professional nurse unless he or she is licensed under this section. Except as provided in ss. 257.03 and 440.077, no person not so licensed may use in connection with his or her nursing employment or vocation any title or anything else to indicate that he or she is a trained, certified or graduate nurse. This subsection does not apply to any registered nurse who holds a multistate license, as defined in s. 441.51 (2) (h), issued by a jurisdiction, other than this state, that has adopted the nurse licensure compact under s. 441.51.

441.06 Note NOTE: Sub. (4) is shown as amended by 2021 Wis. Acts 158 and 246 and as merged by the legislative reference bureau under s. 13.92 (2) (i).

441.06(6) (6) No person licensed as a registered nurse under this section is liable for any civil damages resulting from his or her refusal to perform sterilization procedures or to remove or aid in the removal of a human embryo or fetus from a person, if the refusal is based on religious or moral precepts.

441.06(7) (7) No person certified as an advanced practice nurse prescriber under s. 441.16 (2) is liable for civil damages for any of the following:

441.06(7)(a) (a) Reporting in good faith to the department of transportation under s. 146.82 (3) a patient’s name and other information relevant to a physical or mental condition of the patient that in the advanced practice nurse prescriber’s judgment impairs the patient’s ability to exercise reasonable and ordinary control over a motor vehicle.

441.06(7)(b) (b) In good faith, not reporting to the department of transportation under s. 146.82 (3) a patient’s name and other information relevant to a physical or mental condition of the patient that in the advanced practice nurse prescriber’s judgment does not impair the patient’s ability to exercise reasonable and ordinary control over a motor vehicle.

441.06 History History: 1971 c. 125, 215; 1973 c. 159; 1975 c. 39, 199; 1977 c. 29, 164; 1979 c. 34, 162; 1987 a. 27, 264; 1991 a. 39; 1999 a. 22; 2001 a. 107; 2005 a. 96, 187; 2007 a. 20; 2009 a. 42; 2013 a. 114 ss. 4, 5; 2013 a. 124 s. 28; 2015 a. 55, 195; 2017 a. 135, 329; 2021 a. 158, 246; s. 13.92 (2) (i).

441.06 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. N 2, Wis. adm. code.

441.07 441.07 Disciplinary proceedings and actions.

441.07(1c) (1c) Subject to the rules promulgated under s. 440.03 (1), the board may conduct investigations and hearings to determine whether a person has violated this chapter or a rule promulgated under this chapter.

441.07(1g) (1g) Subject to the rules promulgated under s. 440.03 (1), the board may deny an initial license or revoke, limit, suspend, or deny the renewal of a license of a registered nurse, nurse-midwife, or licensed practical nurse; deny an initial certificate or revoke, limit, suspend, or deny the renewal of a certificate to prescribe drugs or devices granted under s. 441.16; or reprimand a registered nurse, nurse-midwife, or licensed practical nurse, if the board finds that the applicant or licensee committed any of the following:

441.07(1g)(a) (a) Fraud in the procuring or renewal of the certificate or license.

441.07(1g)(b) (b) One or more violations of this subchapter or any rule adopted by the board under the authority of this subchapter.

441.07(1g)(c) (c) Acts which show the registered nurse, nurse-midwife or licensed practical nurse to be unfit or incompetent by reason of negligence, abuse of alcohol or other drugs or mental incompetency.

441.07(1g)(d) (d) Misconduct or unprofessional conduct. In this paragraph, “unprofessional conduct” includes making a determination under ch. 154 or 155 if the person does not have sufficient education, training, and experience to make the determination. In this paragraph, “misconduct” and “unprofessional conduct” do not include any of the following:

441.07(1g)(d)1. 1. Providing expedited partner therapy as described in s. 448.035.

441.07(1g)(d)2. 2. Prescribing or delivering an opioid antagonist in accordance with s. 441.18 (2).

441.07(1g)(e) (e) A violation of any state or federal law that regulates prescribing or dispensing drugs or devices, if the person has a certificate to prescribe drugs or devices under s. 441.16.

441.07(1g)(f) (f) A violation of the requirements of s. 253.10 (3) (c) 2., 3., 4., 5., 6. or 7.

441.07(1m) (1m) The board may use any information obtained by the board or the department under s. 655.17 (7) (b), as created by 1985 Wisconsin Act 29, in investigations and disciplinary proceedings, including public disciplinary proceedings, conducted under this chapter.

441.07(2) (2) The board may reinstate a revoked license, no earlier than one year following revocation, upon receipt of an application for reinstatement. This subsection does not apply to a license that is revoked under s. 440.12.

441.07 History History: 1977 c. 418; 1979 c. 317, 337; 1981 c. 162; 1983 a. 273 s. 8; 1985 a. 29, 340; 1987 a. 264; 1993 a. 138; 1995 a. 309; 1997 a. 237; 1999 a. 22; 2009 a. 280; 2013 a. 114, 200; 2019 a. 90.

441.07 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. N 7, Wis. adm. code.

441.08 441.08 Temporary permit. A nurse who has graduated from a school approved by the board or that the board has authorized to admit students pending approval but who is not licensed in this state may be granted a temporary permit upon payment of the fee specified in s. 440.05 (6) by the board to practice for compensation until the nurse can qualify for licensure. The temporary permit may be renewed once. Further renewals may be granted in hardship cases. The board may promulgate rules limiting the use and duration of temporary permits and providing for revocation of temporary permits.

441.08 History History: 1971 c. 125; 1977 c. 29; 1979 c. 337; 1987 a. 264; 2009 a. 28; 2013 a. 124; 2017 a. 329.

441.10 441.10 Licensed practical nurses.

441.10(1) (1) Subject to s. 441.07 (1g), the board shall grant a license as a licensed practical nurse to an applicant for licensure who satisfies all of the following conditions:

441.10(1)(a) (a) The applicant is 18 years of age or older.

441.10(1)(b) (b) The applicant does not have an arrest or conviction record, subject to ss. 111.321, 111.322, and 111.335.

441.10(1)(c) (c) The applicant has completed 2 years of high school or its equivalent as determined by the board.

441.10(1)(d) (d) The applicant holds a diploma of graduation from a school for licensed practical nurses approved by the board or that the board has authorized to admit students pending approval.

441.10(1)(e) (e) The applicant pays the fee specified in s. 440.05 (1).

441.10(1)(f) (f) The applicant passes the examination approved by the board for licensure as a licensed practical nurse in this state. The applicant may not take the examination before receiving a diploma under par. (d) unless the applicant obtains a certificate of approval to take the examination from the school of nursing the applicant attends and submits that certificate to the board prior to examination.

441.10(1c) (1c) The board shall grant a multistate license, as defined in s. 441.51 (2) (h), to an applicant for a multistate licensed practical nurse license under s. 441.51. Subject to s. 441.07 (1g), the requirements under sub. (1) shall apply to such an applicant, except that the requirements under s. 441.51 (3) (c) for granting a multistate license shall supersede the requirements under sub. (1) to the extent of any conflict.

441.10(4) (4) Any school for licensed practical nurses, in order to be approved by the board, must offer a course of not less than 9 months.

441.10(5) (5) The holder of a license under this section is a “licensed practical nurse” and may append the letters “L.P.N.” to his or her name. The board may reprimand or may limit, suspend, or revoke the license of a licensed practical nurse under s. 441.07.

441.10(6) (6) On or before the applicable renewal date specified under s. 440.08 (2) (a), a licensed practical nurse practicing for compensation shall submit to the board, on forms furnished by the department, an application for license renewal, together with a statement giving name, residence, nature and extent of practice as a licensed practical nurse during the prior year and prior unreported years, the nursing workforce survey and fee required under s. 441.01 (7), and other facts bearing upon current competency that the board requires, accompanied by the applicable license renewal fee determined by the department under s. 440.03 (9) (a).

441.10(7) (7) No license is required for practical nursing, but, except as provided in s. 257.03, no person without a license may hold himself or herself out as a licensed practical nurse or licensed attendant, use the title or letters “Trained Practical Nurse” or “T.P.N.”, “Licensed Practical Nurse” or “L.P.N.”, “Licensed Attendant” or “L.A.”, “Trained Attendant” or “T.A.”, or otherwise seek to indicate that he or she is a licensed practical nurse or licensed attendant. No licensed practical nurse or licensed attendant may use the title, or otherwise seek to act as a registered, licensed, graduate or professional nurse. Anyone violating this subsection shall be subject to the penalties prescribed by s. 441.13. The board shall grant without examination a license as a licensed practical nurse to any person who was on July 1, 1949, a licensed attendant. This subsection does not apply to any licensed practical nurse who holds a multistate license, as defined in s. 441.51 (2) (h), issued by a jurisdiction, other than this state, that has adopted the nurse licensure compact under s. 441.51.

441.10(8) (8) The board may license without examination any person who has been licensed as a licensed attendant or licensed practical nurse in another state or territory or province of Canada if the person’s general education, training, prior practice and other qualifications, in the opinion of the board, are at least comparable to those of this state for licensed practical nurses and current licensing or renewal. The fee for licensing without examination is specified in s. 440.05 (2).

441.10(9) (9) The board may grant a temporary permit to a practical nurse who has graduated from a school approved by the board or that the board has authorized to admit students pending approval but who is not licensed in this state, upon payment of the fee specified in s. 440.05 (6), to practice for compensation until the practical nurse qualifies for licensure. The board may grant further renewals in hardship cases. The board may promulgate rules limiting the use and duration of temporary permits and providing for revocation of temporary permits.

441.10 History History: 1971 c. 125, 215; 1975 c. 39, 199; 1977 c. 29, 418; 1979 c. 34, 162, 337; 1981 c. 380; 1981 c. 391 s. 211; 1983 a. 273 ss. 3, 8; 1987 a. 27, 264; 1991 a. 39; 1999 a. 22; 2001 a. 107; 2005 a. 96; 2007 a. 20; 2009 a. 28, 42; 2013 a. 114, 124; 2015 a. 55, 195; 2017 a. 135; 2021 a. 246.

441.10 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. N 6, Wis. adm. code.

441.11 441.11 Nurse anesthetists.

441.11(1) (1) In this section:

441.11(1)(a) (a) “Anesthesiologist” has the meaning given in s. 448.015 (1b).

441.11(1)(b) (b) “Nurse anesthetist” has the meaning given in s. 655.001 (9).

441.11(2) (2) The provisions of s. 448.04 (1) (g) do not apply to a nurse anesthetist or person who engages in the practice of a nurse anesthetist while performing official duties for the armed services or federal health services of the United States.

441.11(3) (3) A nurse who is in a training program to become a nurse anesthetist and who is assisting an anesthesiologist as part of that training program must be supervised by an anesthesiologist who is supervising no more than one other nurse in such a training program.

441.11 History History: 2011 a. 160; 2019 a. 148.

441.115 441.115 Exceptions; temporary practice.

441.115(1) (1) This chapter may not be construed to affect nursing by friends, members of the family, or undergraduates in a school approved by the board, nor be construed to interfere with members of religious communities or orders having charge of hospitals or taking care of the sick in their homes, except that none of those persons may represent himself or herself as a registered, trained, certified, or graduate nurse unless licensed under this subchapter.

441.115(1m) (1m) No credential under this chapter is required for a person who engages in the practice of a licensed practical nurse or registered nurse while performing official duties for the armed services or federal health services of the United States.

441.115(2) (2) 

441.115(2)(a) (a) In this subsection, “nursing credential” means a license, permit or certificate of registration or certification that is granted to a person by another state or territory or by a foreign country or province and that authorizes or qualifies the person holding the credential to perform acts that are substantially the same as those performed by a person licensed as a registered nurse or licensed practical nurse under this subchapter, except that “nursing credential” does not include a multistate license, as defined in s. 441.51 (2) (h), issued by a party state, as defined in s. 441.51 (2) (k).

441.115(2)(b) (b) A person who holds a current, valid nursing credential may practice professional or practical nursing in this state, as provided under par. (c), for not more than 72 consecutive hours each year without holding a license granted by the board under this subchapter if the board determines that the requirements for the nursing credential that the person holds are substantially equivalent to the requirements for licensure under this subchapter. Except in an emergency, the person shall provide to the board, at least 7 days before practicing professional or practical nursing for the person who is specified under par. (c) 2., written notice that includes the name of the person providing notice, the type of nursing credential that the person holds and the name of the state, territory, foreign country or province that granted the nursing credential. In the event of an emergency, the person shall provide to the board written notice that includes the information otherwise required under this paragraph, as soon as practicable.

441.115(2)(c) (c) A person who is permitted to practice professional or practical nursing under par. (b) may practice professional or practical nursing only for the following persons:

441.115(2)(c)1. 1. A person who is being transported through or into this state for the purpose of receiving medical care.

441.115(2)(c)2. 2. A person who is in this state temporarily, if the person is a resident of the state, territory, country or province that granted the nursing credential to the person permitted to practice professional or practical nursing under par. (b).

441.115(3) (3) 

441.115(3)(a) (a) Notwithstanding s. 441.06 (4), a person may at a recreational and educational camp licensed under s. 97.67 (1) practice professional nursing to provide treatment to campers and staff for not more than 90 days in any year without holding a license granted under this subchapter if all of the following apply:

441.115(3)(a)1. 1. The person holds in good standing a license, permit, registration, or certificate granted by another state or territory or by a Canadian province or territory that authorizes the person to perform acts that are substantially the same as those performed by a person licensed as a registered nurse under this subchapter.

441.115(3)(a)2. 2. The requirements for the license, permit, registration, or certificate that the person holds under subd. 1. are substantially equivalent to the requirements for licensure as a registered nurse under this subchapter.

441.115(3)(a)3. 3. The person is not under active investigation by a licensing authority or law enforcement authority in any state, federal, or foreign jurisdiction.

441.115(3)(b) (b) A person shall submit to the board a form provided by the board before practicing under par. (a). The board may promulgate rules establishing the form to be submitted under this subsection.

441.115(3)(c) (c) This subsection does not apply to a person who holds a multistate license, as defined in s. 441.51 (2) (h), issued by a party state, as defined in s. 441.51 (2) (k).

441.115 History History: 1983 a. 189 s. 273; 1995 a. 146; 1999 a. 22; 2013 a. 124; 2017 a. 135, 364; 2019 a. 148; 2021 a. 46.

441.115 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. N 6, Wis. adm. code.

441.12 441.12 Administration; nonaccredited schools.

441.12(1) (1) The board shall enforce this chapter and cause the prosecution of persons violating it.

441.12(2) (2) No person may operate in this state a school for professional nurses or a school for practical nurses unless the school is approved by the board. No solicitation may be made in this state of the sale of, or registration in, a course by correspondence or conducted outside of the state for practical nurses unless all written material used in the solicitation plainly states in type as large as any other type on the material that the course is not approved by the board for training of practical nurses.

441.12 History History: 1979 c. 34; 2013 a. 124.

441.13 441.13 Penalty.

441.13(1) (1) Any person violating this subchapter or knowingly employing another in violation of this subchapter may be fined not more than $250 or imprisoned not more than one year in the county jail.

441.13(2) (2) No action may be brought or other proceeding had to recover compensation for professional nursing services unless at the time such services were rendered the person rendering the same was a registered nurse or had a temporary permit issued under this subchapter.

441.13(3) (3) The remedy of injunction may be used in enforcing this subchapter.

441.13 History History: 1999 a. 22.

441.15 441.15 Nurse-midwives.

441.15(1) (1) In this section:

441.15(1)(a) (a) “Collaboration” means a process that involves 2 or more health care professionals working together and, when necessary, in each other’s presence, and in which each health care professional contributes his or her expertise to provide more comprehensive care than one health care professional alone can offer.

441.15(1)(b) (b) “Practice of nurse-midwifery” means the management of women’s health care, pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum care for newborns, family planning, and gynecological services consistent with the standards of practice of the American College of Nurse-Midwives and the education, training, and experience of the nurse-midwife.

441.15(2) (2) Except as provided in sub. (2m) and s. 257.03, no person may engage in the practice of nurse-midwifery unless each of the following conditions is satisfied:

441.15(2)(a) (a) The person is issued a license by the board under sub. (3) (a).

441.15(2)(b) (b) The practice occurs in a health care facility approved by the board by rule under sub. (3) (c), in collaboration with a physician with postgraduate training in obstetrics, and pursuant to a written agreement with that physician.

441.15(2)(c) (c) Except as provided in sub. (5) (a), the person has in effect the malpractice liability insurance required under the rules promulgated under sub. (5) (bm).

441.15(2m) (2m) Subsection (2) does not apply to a person granted a license to practice midwifery under subch. XIII of ch. 440.

441.15(3) (3) 

441.15(3)(a) (a) Subject to s. 441.07 (1g), the board shall grant a license to engage in the practice of nurse-midwifery to any registered nurse who is licensed under this subchapter or who holds a multistate license, as defined in s. 441.51 (2) (h), issued in a party state, as defined in s. 441.51 (2) (k), who does all of the following:

441.15(3)(a)1. 1. Submits evidence satisfactory to the board that he or she meets the educational and training prerequisites established by the board for the practice of nurse-midwifery.

441.15(3)(a)2. 2. Pays the initial credential fee determined by the department under s. 440.03 (9) (a).