Chapter 285

285.27(3m)(b) (b) The performance standards promulgated by the department under s. NR 428.04 (2) (g) 1. a. and 2. a., Wis. Adm. Code, do not apply to a combustion turbine that undergoes a modification on or after February 1, 2001 if all of the following apply:

285.27(3m)(b)1. 1. The department and the federal environmental protection agency find that the owner or operator of the combustion turbine has satisfactorily demonstrated that equipping the turbine with a dry low nitrogen oxide combustion system is not technologically or economically feasible or a dry low nitrogen oxide combustion system is not commercially available from the manufacturer of the combustion turbine.

285.27(3m)(b)2. 2. The federal environmental protection agency concurs, in writing, with the department’s finding under subd. 1.

285.27(3m)(b)3. 3. The owner or operator of the combustion turbine controls nitrogen oxide emissions during operation of the combustion turbine by injecting water into the combustion turbine according to the manufacturer’s specifications.

285.27(3m)(b)4. 4. The concentration of nitrogen oxide emitted from the combustion turbine does not exceed 25 parts per million dry volume, corrected to 15 percent oxygen, on a 30 day rolling average basis during combustion of gaseous fuels and does not exceed 65 parts per million dry volume, corrected to 15 percent oxygen, on a 30 day rolling average basis during combustion of distillate fuels.

285.27(3m)(c) (c) The department shall determine whether a combustion turbine undergoes a modification under par. (b) in accordance with s. NR 428.04 (1), Wis. Adm. Code.

285.27(4) (4) Impact of change in federal standards. If the standards of performance for new stationary sources or the emission standards for hazardous air contaminants under the federal clean air act are relaxed, the department shall alter the corresponding state standards unless it finds that the relaxed standards would not provide adequate protection for public health and welfare. The department may not make this finding for an emission standard for a hazardous air contaminant unless the finding is supported with the written documentation required under sub. (2) (b) 1. to 4. This subsection applies to state standards of performance for new stationary sources and emission standards for hazardous air contaminants in effect on April 30, 1980, if the relaxation in the corresponding federal standards occurs after April 30, 1980.

285.27(5) (5) Residential and commercial wood heaters.

285.27(5)(a) (a) In this subsection, “residential or commercial wood heater” means an enclosed wood-burning appliance intended for residential or commercial use to heat the space in which it is located or to heat water for domestic or commercial use, including an appliance that is designed to burn pellets made of wood.

285.27(5)(b) (b) Notwithstanding sub. (1), the department may not promulgate a rule, or enforce a federal regulation, that specifies a new source performance standard or other emission standard for residential or commercial wood heaters that is more stringent than any new source performance standard for residential or commercial wood heaters in effect on December 31, 2014.

285.27 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also s. NR 462.015, Wis. adm. code.

285.27 History History: 1995 a. 227 s. 474, 989; 2003 a. 118; 2013 a. 91; 2013 a. 151 s. 28; 2015 a. 303.

285.27 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also NR 400-, Wis. adm. code.

285.27 Annotation The promulgation of emission standards under s. 144.375 (5) (b) [now s. 285.27 (2) (b)] is discussed. Wisconsin Hospital Association v. Natural Resources Board, 156 Wis. 2d 688, 457 N.W.2d 879 (Ct. App. 1990).

285.28 285.28 Agricultural waste; hazardous air contaminants. The department may not regulate the emission of hazardous air contaminants associated with agricultural waste except to the extent required by federal law.

285.28 History History: 2011 a. 122.

285.29 285.29 Best available retrofit technology.

285.29(1) (1) Case-by-case specification. If visibility in an area is identified as an important value of the area under section 169A of the federal clean air act, the department shall specify on a case-by-case basis the best available retrofit technology for any existing major source located in the area and identified under section 169A of the federal clean air act.

285.29(2) (2) Considerations. In specifying the best available retrofit technology, the department shall consider:

285.29(2)(a) (a) The cost of compliance.

285.29(2)(b) (b) The existing pollution control technology in use at the source.

285.29(2)(c) (c) The remaining useful life of the source.

285.29(2)(d) (d) The degree of improvement in visibility which may be anticipated to result from the use of various retrofit technologies.

285.29(2)(e) (e) The energy and nonair quality environmental impacts of compliance.

285.29 History History: 1979 c. 221; 1995 a. 227 s. 469; Stats. 1995 s. 285.29.

subch. IV of ch. 285 SUBCHAPTER IV

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND MOBILE SOURCES; EMISSION LIMITS AND STANDARDS

285.30 285.30 Motor vehicle emissions limitations; inspections.

285.30(1) (1) Definitions. As used in this section, unless the context requires otherwise:

285.30(1)(a) (a) “Federal act” means the federal clean air act, 42 USC 7401 et seq., and regulations issued by the federal environmental protection agency under that act.

285.30(1)(b) (b) “Motor vehicle” has the meaning designated under s. 340.01 (35).

285.30(2) (2) Limitations. The department shall adopt rules specifying emissions limitations for all motor vehicles not exempted under sub. (5). The limitations may be different for each size, type and year of vehicle engine affected and may not be more stringent than those required by federal law at the time of the vehicle’s manufacture. The limitations shall be adopted and periodically revised upon consideration of the following factors:

285.30(2)(a) (a) The emissions reductions necessary to achieve federally mandated ambient air quality standards by any deadline established by the federal act and to maintain those standards after any deadline established by the federal act.

285.30(2)(b) (b) The emissions levels attainable by reasonable preventive maintenance practices relating to installed emission control equipment and devices for each model year, size and type of motor vehicle affected.

285.30(2)(c) (c) The requirements for eligibility for a manufacturer’s warranty under section 7541 (b) of the federal act.

285.30(2)(d) (d) The requirements of the federal act.

285.30(3) (3) Counties where inspections required. If the department finds that air quality within a county will not meet one or more applicable primary or secondary ambient air quality standards by any deadline established by the federal act, or that these standards will not be maintained in the county after any deadline established by the federal act and that inspection of emissions from motor vehicles in any part of the county is required by federal law to attain or maintain these standards, the department shall certify this finding to the department of transportation.

285.30(4) (4) Termination. If the department finds that air quality within a county specified in a certification under sub. (3) has attained all applicable ambient air quality standards and that these standards will be maintained in the county or that control of motor vehicle emissions is no longer required by federal law for attainment and maintenance of these standards, the department shall notify the department of transportation that the county is withdrawn from the certification under sub. (3).

285.30(5) (5) Exemptions. Emissions limitations promulgated under sub. (2) do not apply to the following motor vehicles:

285.30(5)(a) (a) A motor vehicle of a model year of 1995 or earlier.

285.30(5)(b) (b) A motor vehicle of a model year of 2006 or earlier that has a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding 8,500 pounds, as determined by the manufacturer of the vehicle, and a motor vehicle of a model year of 2007 or later that has a gross vehicle weight rating exceeding 14,000 pounds, as determined by the manufacturer of the vehicle.

285.30(5)(c) (c) A motor vehicle exempt from registration under s. 341.05, except that a motor vehicle owned by the United States is not exempt unless it comes under par. (a), (b), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (j), (k), or (m).

285.30(5)(d) (d) A motor vehicle of a model year of 2006 or earlier that is powered by diesel fuel.

285.30(5)(e) (e) A new motor vehicle not previously registered in any state.

285.30(5)(f) (f) A motor vehicle for which inspection, in the judgment of the department, is not a cost effective method for attaining and maintaining air quality.

285.30(5)(g) (g) A moped as defined in s. 340.01 (29m).

285.30(5)(h) (h) A motorcycle as defined in s. 340.01 (32).

285.30(5)(i) (i) A farm truck as defined in s. 340.01 (18) (a).

285.30(5)(j) (j) An off-road utility vehicle as defined in s. 340.01 (38m).

285.30(5)(k) (k) A low-speed vehicle, as defined in s. 340.01 (27h).

285.30(5)(L) (L) A lightweight utility vehicle as defined in s. 346.94 (21) (a) 2.

285.30(5)(m) (m) An autocycle, as defined in s. 340.01 (3m).

285.30(6) (6) Tampering with pollution control system or mechanism.

285.30(6)(a) (a) Definitions. As used in this subsection:

285.30(6)(a)1. 1. “Air pollution control equipment” means any equipment or feature which constitutes an operational element of the air pollution control system or mechanism of a motor vehicle.

285.30(6)(a)3. 3. “Tamper” means to dismantle, to remove without replacing with an identical or comparable tested replacement device or to cause to be inoperative any air pollution control equipment.

285.30(6)(b) (b) Prohibition. Except as permitted or authorized by rule of the department, no person may fail to maintain in good working order or may tamper with air pollution control equipment.

285.30(6)(c) (c) Ineligibility for motor vehicle registration. Except as permitted or authorized by rule of the department, if any person tampers with the air pollution control equipment of a motor vehicle, that vehicle is ineligible for motor vehicle registration until the air pollution control equipment is replaced, repaired or restored to good working order.

285.30(6)(d) (d) Suspension or cancellation of motor vehicle registration. Except as permitted or authorized by rule of the department, if the owner of a motor vehicle tampers with or causes or knowingly permits any person to tamper with the air pollution control equipment, the motor vehicle registration for that vehicle may be suspended or canceled in addition to any other penalty provided by law.

285.30(6)(e) (e) Rule making. The department shall promulgate rules that specify the requirements for the inspection of motor vehicles for the occurrence of tampering with air pollution control equipment.

285.30 History History: 1971 c. 164 s. 81; 1977 c. 29 s. 1654 (7) (b); 1979 c. 34 s. 2102 (39) (g); 1979 c. 274; 1981 c. 390; 1983 a. 243; 1987 a. 27; 1991 a. 39; 1993 a. 288; 1995 a. 137; 1995 a. 227 s. 507; Stats. 1995 s. 285.30; 1997 a. 27; 2003 a. 192; 2007 a. 20, 33; 2009 a. 157, 311; 2019 a. 173.

285.30 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. NR 485, Wis. adm. code.

285.31 285.31 Gasoline vapor recovery.

285.31(1) (1) Definitions. In this section:

285.31(1)(a) (a) “Gasoline dispensing facility” means a place where gasoline is dispensed to motor vehicle gasoline tanks from stationary storage tanks.

285.31(1)(b) (b) “Retail station” means a gasoline dispensing facility where gasoline is sold at retail.

285.31(1)(c) (c) “Vapor control system” means a system that gathers vapors of organic compounds, including gasoline and benzene, released during the operation of transfer, storage or processing equipment and processes the vapors to prevent their emission into the atmosphere.

285.31(3) (3) Rules.

285.31(3)(a) (a) The department shall promulgate rules, based on requirements under 42 USC 7511a, that require the owner or operator of a retail station that is located in an ozone nonattainment area with a classification under 42 USC 7511 (a) of moderate or worse to install and operate a vapor control system that is approved by the department on the equipment that is used to dispense gasoline to a motor vehicle gasoline tank or other fuel tank.

285.31(3)(b) (b) The department shall establish vapor recovery efficiency standards for vapor control systems approved under par. (a). The department shall use nationally recognized methods to determine the vapor recovery efficiency of vapor control systems.

285.31(4) (4) Implementation of requirements.

285.31(4)(a) (a) The rules promulgated under sub. (3) shall have an effective date of November 15, 1992. The rules shall apply the requirements under sub. (3) beginning on November 15, 1993, except that the requirements under sub. (3) shall apply beginning on May 15, 1993, to retail stations the construction of which begins after November 15, 1990.

285.31(4)(b) (b) The department may not require the owner or operator of a retail station that is located in this state to install or operate a vapor control system for gasoline dispensing equipment before November 15, 1993, or, if construction of the retail station begins after November 15, 1990, before May 15, 1993.

285.31(5) (5) Termination of requirements.

285.31(5)(a) (a) The rules promulgated under sub. (3) cease to apply on the effective date of the waiver of the requirement for vapor control systems specified by the federal environmental protection agency in a regulation promulgated under 42 USC 7521 (a) (6). Beginning on that day, persons owning or operating retail stations are not required to maintain vapor control systems described in sub. (3) (a).

285.31(5)(b) (b) The department may promulgate by rule requirements for capping and closing vapor control systems described in sub. (3) (a).

285.31(5)(c) (c) The rules promulgated under sub. (3) (a) do not apply to a retail station the construction of which begins after April 17, 2012.

285.31(6) (6) Vapor recovery system removal grants.

285.31(6)(ae) (ae) In this subsection:

285.31(6)(ae)1. 1. “Dispenser” means a device that dispenses fuel and measures the amount dispensed.

285.31(6)(ae)2. 2. “Hanging hardware” means the equipment on the outside of a dispenser cabinet through which fuel is dispensed, including hose adapters, breakaway connectors, hoses, swivels, and nozzles.

285.31(6)(ae)3. 3. “PEI/RP300-09” means the 2009 version of the Petroleum Equipment Institute publication Recommended Practices for Installation and Testing of Vapor-Recovery Systems at Vehicle-Fueling Sites.

285.31(6)(am) (am) The department shall administer a program to provide grants to owners and operators of retail stations for eligible costs incurred after April 15, 2012, to remove vapor control systems described in sub. (3) (a). The maximum grant under this subsection is 50 percent of eligible costs of removing a vapor control system from a retail station or $8,000, whichever is less. The department shall award grants under this subsection in the order in which applications are received.

285.31(6)(b) (b) The costs of all of the following are eligible costs under this subsection:

285.31(6)(b)1. 1. Labor and parts associated with any electrical work or programming required to convert an existing dispenser from operating with vapor recovery to operating without vapor recovery.

285.31(6)(b)2. 2. Labor and parts for replacing hanging hardware designed for vapor recovery on an existing dispenser with hanging hardware that is not designed for vapor recovery.

285.31(6)(b)3. 3. If the owner or operator replaces an existing dispenser with a new or used dispenser, the cost of the hanging hardware on the new or used dispenser.

285.31(6)(b)4. 4. Labor and parts to prepare the interior of a dispenser for the tests described in subd. 5., including the installation of a pipe plug in the vapor return line.

285.31(6)(b)5. 5. Conducting tests required by section 14 of PEI/RP300-09, but the costs of repair or parts associated with these tests or of any additional labor involved in the repair, replacement, or installation of parts not associated with the vapor recovery equipment are not eligible costs.