Chapter 154

154.25 154.25 General provisions.

154.25(1) (1) Suicide. Under this subchapter, the withholding or withdrawing of resuscitation from a patient wearing a valid do-not-resuscitate bracelet does not, for any purpose, constitute suicide. Requesting a do-not-resuscitate order under this subchapter does not, for any purpose, constitute attempted suicide.

154.25(2) (2) Life insurance. Requesting a do-not-resuscitate order under s. 154.19 may not be used to impair in any manner the procurement of any policy of life insurance, and may not be used to modify the terms of an existing policy of life insurance. No policy of life insurance may be impaired in any manner by the withholding or withdrawal of resuscitation from a qualified patient.

154.25(3) (3) Health insurance. No person may be required to request a do-not-resuscitate order as a condition prior to being admitted to a health care facility or being insured for, or receiving, health care services.

154.25(4) (4) Other rights. This subchapter does not impair or supersede any of the following:

154.25(4)(a) (a) A person’s right to withhold or withdraw resuscitation.

154.25(4)(b) (b) The right of any person who does not have a do-not-resuscitate order in effect to receive resuscitation.

154.25(5) (5) Intent. Failure to request a do-not-resuscitate order creates no presumption that the person consents to the use or withholding of resuscitation in the event that the person suffers from a condition that renders the person a qualified patient.

154.25(6) (6) Valid do-not-resuscitate bracelet. A do-not-resuscitate bracelet that has not been removed, altered, or tampered with in any way shall be presumed valid, unless the patient, the patient’s guardian, or the patient’s health care agent expresses to the emergency medical services practitioner, emergency medical responder, or emergency health care facility personnel the patient’s desire to be resuscitated.

154.25(6m) (6m) Desire of the patient. The desire of a patient to be resuscitated supersedes the effect of that patient’s do-not-resuscitate order at all times.

154.25(7) (7) Construction. Nothing in this subchapter condones, authorizes or permits any affirmative or deliberate act to end life other than to permit the natural process of dying.

154.25 History History: 1995 a. 200; 1997 a. 27; 2017 a. 12.

154.27 154.27 Specifications and distribution of do-not-resuscitate bracelet.

154.27(1) (1) The department shall establish by rule a uniform standard for the size, color, and design of all do-not-resuscitate bracelets. Except as provided in sub. (2), the rules shall require that the do-not-resuscitate bracelets include the inscription “Do Not Resuscitate”; the name, address, date of birth and gender of the patient; and the name, business telephone number and signature of the attending health care professional issuing the order.

154.27(2) (2) The department may approve a do-not-resuscitate bracelet developed and distributed by a commercial vendor if the bracelet contains an emblem that displays an internationally recognized medical symbol on the front and the words “Wisconsin Do-Not-Resuscitate-EMS” and the qualified patient’s first and last name on the back. The department may not approve a do-not-resuscitate bracelet developed and distributed by a commercial vendor if the vendor does not require a doctor’s order for the bracelet prior to distributing it to a patient.

154.27 History History: 1995 a. 200; 1999 a. 9; 2019 a. 90.

154.27 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. DHS 125, Wis. adm. code.

154.29 154.29 Penalties.

154.29(1) (1) Any person who willfully conceals, defaces or damages the do-not-resuscitate bracelet of another person without that person’s consent may be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 30 days or both.

154.29(2) (2) Any person who, with the intent to cause the withholding or withdrawal of resuscitation contrary to the wishes of any patient, falsifies, forges or transfers a do-not-resuscitate bracelet to that patient or conceals the revocation under s. 154.21 of a do-not-resuscitate order or any responsible person who withholds personal knowledge of a revocation under s. 154.21 is guilty of a Class F felony.

154.29(3) (3) Any person who directly or indirectly coerces, threatens or intimidates an individual so as to cause the individual to sign or issue a do-not-resuscitate order shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 30 days or both.

154.29 History History: 1995 a. 200; 1997 a. 283; 2001 a. 109.

subch. IV of ch. 154 SUBCHAPTER IV

AUTHORIZATION FOR FINAL DISPOSITION

154.30 154.30 Control of final disposition of certain human remains.

154.30(1) (1) Definitions.

154.30(1)(a) (a) “Authorization for final disposition” means a document that satisfies the conditions under sub. (8) (d) or (dm), and that is voluntarily executed by a declarant under sub. (8), but is not limited in form or substance to that provided in sub. (8).

154.30(1)(b) (b) “Cemetery authority” has the meaning given in s. 157.061 (2).

154.30(1)(c) (c) “Credential” has the meaning given in s. 440.01 (2) (a).

154.30(1)(d) (d) “Crematory authority” has the meaning given in s. 440.70 (9).

154.30(1)(e) (e) “Declarant” means an individual who executes an authorization for final disposition.

154.30(1)(f) (f) “Estranged” means being physically and emotionally alienated for a period of time, at the time of the decedent’s death, and clearly demonstrating an absence of due affection, trust, and regard.

154.30(1)(g) (g) “Final disposition” means disposition of a decedent’s remains, including any of the following:

154.30(1)(g)1. 1. Arrangements for a viewing.

154.30(1)(g)2. 2. A funeral ceremony, memorial service, graveside service, or other last rite.

154.30(1)(g)3. 3. A burial, cremation and burial, or other disposition, or donation of the decedent’s body.

154.30(1)(h) (h) “Funeral director” has the meaning given in s. 445.01 (5).

154.30(1)(i) (i) “Health care provider” means any individual who has a credential to provide health care.

154.30(1)(L) (L) “Representative” means an individual specifically designated in an authorization for final disposition or, if that individual is unable or unwilling to carry out the declarant’s decisions and preferences, a successor representative designated in the authorization for final disposition to do so.

154.30(1)(m) (m) “Social worker” has the meaning given in s. 252.15 (1) (er).

154.30(2) (2) Individuals with control of final disposition; order.

154.30(2)(a) (a) Notwithstanding s. 445.14 and except as provided in par. (b) and sub. (3), any of the following, as prioritized in the following order, who is at least 18 years old and has not been adjudicated incompetent under ch. 54 or ch. 880, 2003 stats., may control final disposition, including the location, manner, and conditions of final disposition:

154.30(2)(a)1. 1. Subject to sub. (8) (e), a representative of the decedent acting under the decedent’s authorization for final disposition that conveys to the representative the control of final disposition, or a successor representative.

154.30(2)(a)2. 2. The surviving spouse of the decedent.

154.30(2)(a)3. 3. The surviving child of the decedent, unless more than one child of the decedent survives. In such an instance, the majority of the surviving children has control of the final disposition, except that fewer than the majority of the surviving children may control the final disposition if that minority has used reasonable efforts to notify all other surviving children and is not aware of opposition by the majority to the minority’s intended final disposition.

154.30(2)(a)4. 4. The surviving parent or parents of the decedent or a surviving parent who is available if the other surviving parent is unavailable after the available surviving parent has made reasonable efforts to locate him or her.

154.30(2)(a)5. 5. The surviving sibling of the decedent, unless more than one sibling of the decedent survives. In such an instance, the majority of the surviving siblings has control of the final disposition, except that fewer than the majority of the surviving siblings may control the final disposition if that minority has used reasonable efforts to notify all other surviving siblings and is not aware of opposition by the majority to the minority’s intended final disposition.

154.30(2)(a)6. 6. In descending order, an individual in the class of the next degree of kinship specified in s. 990.001 (16).

154.30(2)(a)7. 7. The guardian of the person, if any, of the decedent.

154.30(2)(a)8. 8. Any individual other than an individual specified under subds. 1. to 7. who is willing to control the final disposition and who attests in writing that he or she has made a good-faith effort, to no avail, to contact the individuals under subds. 1. to 7.

154.30(2)(b) (b) Control of final disposition under par. (a), in the order of priority specified in par. (a), is restored to an individual specified in sub. (3) (b) 1. for whom charges under sub. (3) (b) 1. a. to d. are dismissed or who is found not guilty of the offense. Subject to s. 69.18 (4), the control of final disposition under this paragraph, with respect to a decedent for whom disposition has already been made of his or her remains, is limited, as appropriate, to any of the following:

154.30(2)(b)1. 1. A funeral ceremony, memorial service, graveside service, or other last rite.

154.30(2)(b)2. 2. Disinterment.

154.30(2)(b)3. 3. Reinterment, cremation and reinterment, or other disposition of the decedent’s body.

154.30(3) (3) Exceptions.

154.30(3)(a) (a) All of the following are exceptions to any control conferred under sub. (2):

154.30(3)(a)1. 1. The disposition of any unrevoked anatomical gift made by the decedent under s. 157.06 or made by an individual other than the decedent under s. 157.06.

154.30(3)(a)2. 2. Any power or duty of a coroner, medical examiner, or other physician licensed to perform autopsies with respect to the reporting of certain deaths, performance of autopsies, and inquests under ch. 979.

154.30(3)(b) (b) None of the following is authorized under sub. (2) to control the final disposition:

154.30(3)(b)1. 1. Unless sub. (2) (b) applies, an individual who is otherwise authorized to control final disposition under the order of priority of individuals specified in sub. (2) (a) but who has been charged with any of the following in connection with the decedent’s death and the charges are known to the funeral director, crematory authority, or cemetery authority:

154.30(3)(b)1.a. a. First-degree intentional homicide under s. 940.01 (1).

154.30(3)(b)1.b. b. First-degree reckless homicide under s. 940.02.

154.30(3)(b)1.c. c. Second-degree intentional homicide under s. 940.05.

154.30(3)(b)1.d. d. Second-degree reckless homicide under s. 940.06.

154.30(3)(b)2. 2. An individual who is otherwise authorized to control final disposition under the order of priority of individuals specified in sub. (2) (a) but who fails to exercise this authorization within 2 days after he or she is notified of the decedent’s death or who cannot be located after reasonable efforts to do so has been made.

154.30(3)(b)3. 3. The decedent’s spouse, if an action under ch. 767 to terminate the marriage of the spouse and the decedent was pending at the time of the decedent’s death.

154.30(3)(b)4. 4. An individual for whom a determination is made by the probate court under par. (c) 2. b. that the individual and the decedent were estranged at the time of death.

154.30(3)(c) (c) If the individuals on the same level of priority specified in sub. (2) (a) are unable to agree on the final disposition, the probate court that has jurisdiction for the county in which the decedent resided at the time of his or her death may designate an individual as most fit and appropriate to control the final disposition. All of the following apply to a designation made under this paragraph:

154.30(3)(c)1. 1. After the decedent’s death, a petition regarding control of the final disposition shall be filed with the probate court by any of the following:

154.30(3)(c)1.a. a. A relative of the decedent.

154.30(3)(c)1.b. b. An individual seeking control of the final disposition who claims a closer personal relationship to the decedent than the decedent’s next of kin and who was not in the employ of the decedent or the decedent’s family.

154.30(3)(c)1.c. c. If 2 or more individuals on the same level of priority in sub. (2) (a) cannot, by majority vote, decide concerning the final disposition, any of those individuals or the funeral director, crematory authority, or cemetery authority that possesses the decedent’s remains.

154.30(3)(c)2. 2. The probate court may consider all of the following:

154.30(3)(c)2.a. a. The reasonableness and practicality of the proposed final disposition.

154.30(3)(c)2.b. b. The degree of the personal relationship between the decedent and each of the individuals claiming the right of final disposition, including whether the decedent was estranged from any of the individuals.

154.30(3)(c)2.c. c. Except as provided in subd. 3., the desires of the individual or individuals who are ready, able, and willing to pay the cost of the final disposition.

154.30(3)(c)2.d. d. The express written desires of the decedent.

154.30(3)(c)2.e. e. The degree to which any proposed final disposition would permit maximum participation by family members, friends, and others who wish to pay final respects to the decedent.

154.30(3)(c)3. 3. An individual’s payment or agreement to pay for all or part of the costs of final disposition, or the fact that an individual is the personal representative of the decedent, does not, by itself, provide the individual any greater opportunity to control the final disposition than the individual otherwise has under this section.

154.30(4) (4) Declining to exercise control or resigning control. An individual who is otherwise authorized to control final disposition under the order of priority of individuals specified in sub. (2) (a) or who is designated under sub. (3) (c) may accept the control, may decline to exercise the control, or may, after accepting the control, resign it.

154.30(5) (5) Liability of funeral director, crematory authority, or cemetery authority.

154.30(5)(a) (a) If inability to agree exists among any individuals, as specified in sub. (3) (c) (intro.), no funeral director, crematory authority, or cemetery authority is civilly or criminally liable for his or her refusal to accept the decedent’s remains, to inter or otherwise dispose of the decedent’s remains, or to complete the arrangements for the final disposition unless specifically directed to do so under an order of the probate court or unless the individuals in disagreement present the funeral director, crematory authority, or cemetery authority with a written agreement, signed by the individuals, that specifies the final disposition.

154.30(5)(b) (b) A funeral director, crematory authority, or cemetery authority that retains the remains of a decedent for final disposition before individuals specified in sub. (3) (c) (intro.) reach agreement or before the probate court makes a final decision under sub. (3) (c) may embalm the remains, unless the authorization for final disposition forbids embalming, or may refrigerate and shelter the remains while awaiting the agreement or the probate court’s decision and may add the cost of embalming or refrigeration and shelter, as appropriate, to the final disposition costs.

154.30(5)(c) (c) If a funeral director, crematory authority, or cemetery authority files a petition under sub. (3) (c) 1., the funeral director, crematory authority, or cemetery authority may add to the cost of final disposition reasonable legal fees and costs associated with the court’s review of the petition.

154.30(5)(d) (d) This subsection may not be construed to require or otherwise impose a duty upon a funeral director, crematory authority, or cemetery authority to file a petition under sub. (3) (c) 1., and a funeral director, crematory authority, or cemetery authority may not be held criminally or civilly liable for failing or omitting to file the petition.

154.30(5)(e) (e) In the absence of written notice to the contrary from an individual who claims control of the final disposition because of precedence under the order of priority of individuals specified under sub. (2) (a), no funeral director, crematory authority, or cemetery authority, who relies in good faith on instructions concerning the final disposition from another individual who first claims control of the final disposition but has less precedence under the order of priority of individuals specified in sub. (2) (a), and who acts or omits to act in accordance with these instructions, is civilly or criminally liable or may be found guilty of unprofessional conduct for the action or omission.

154.30(6) (6) Liability for costs of final disposition. Notwithstanding s. 445.14, liability for the reasonable costs of the final disposition is from the declarant decedent’s estate, as specified under s. 859.25 (1).

154.30(7) (7) Jurisdiction. The probate court for the county in which the decedent last resided has exclusive jurisdiction over matters that arise under this section.

154.30(8) (8) Authorization for final disposition.