Wisconsin Legislature: DHS 157.03(331g)(a)

(317) “Respiratory protective equipment” means an apparatus, such as a respirator, used to reduce an individual’s intake of airborne radioactive materials.

(318) “Restricted area” means an area, access to which is limited by the licensee or registrant for the purpose of protecting individuals against undue risks from exposure to sources of radiation. “Restricted area” does not include areas used as residential quarters, but separate rooms in a residential building may be set apart as a restricted area.

(318m) “Reviewing official” means the individual who shall make the trustworthiness and reliability determination of an individual to determine whether the individual may have, or continue to have, unescorted access to the category 1 or category 2 quantities of radioactive materials that are possessed by the licensee.

(319) “Roentgen” or “R” means the special unit of exposure. One roentgen equals 2.58E-4 coulombs per kilogram of air.

Note: See the definition of the term “exposure” and also s. DHS 157.06 (4) for a further explanation of units of exposure.

(319g) “Sabotage” means the act of any person who intentionally damages, interferes, or tampers with reasonable grounds to believe his or her act will hinder, delay, or interfere with the normal operation of any one of the following:

(a) A category 1 or category 2 quantity of radioactive material.

(b) A device that contains a category 1 or category 2 quantity of radioactive material.

(319r) “Safe haven” means a readily recognizable and readily accessible site at which security is present or from which, in the event of an emergency, the transport crew can notify and wait for the local law enforcement authorities.

(320) “Sanitary sewerage” means a system of public sewers for carrying off wastewater and refuse, but excluding sewage treatment facilities, septic tanks and leach fields owned or operated by the licensee or registrant.

(321) “Scan” means the complete process of collecting x-ray transmission data for the production of a tomogram. Data may be collected simultaneously during a single scan for the production of one or more tomograms.

(322) “Scan increment” means the amount of relative displacement of the patient with respect to the CT x-ray system between successive scans measured along the direction of such displacement.

(323) “Scan sequence” means a pre-selected set of 2 or more scans performed consecutively under pre-selected CT conditions of operation.

(324) “Scan time” means the period of time between the beginning and end of x-ray transmission data accumulation for a single scan.

(325) “Scattered radiation” means ionizing radiation emitted by interaction of ionizing radiation with matter, the interaction being accompanied by a change in direction of the radiation.

(326) “SCO-I” means a surface contaminated object (SCO) for which all of the following apply:

(a) The non-fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 4 Bq/cm2 (10 -4 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 0.4 Bq/cm2 (10-5 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(b) The fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 4x104 Bq/cm2 (1.0 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 4x103 Bq/cm2 (0.1 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(c) The non-fixed contamination plus the fixed contamination on the inaccessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 4x104 Bq/cm2 (1.0 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 4x103 Bq/cm2 (0.1 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(327) “SCO-II” means a surface contaminated object (SCO) for which the limits for SCO-1 are exceeded and on which all of the following apply:

(a) The non-fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 400 Bq/cm2 (10 -2 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 40 Bq/cm2 (10 -3 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(b) The fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 8x105 Bq/cm2 (20 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 8x104 Bq/cm2 (2 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(c) The non-fixed contamination plus the fixed contamination on the inaccessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 8x105 Bq/cm2 (20 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 8x104 Bq/cm2 (2 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(328) “Sealed source” means any radioactive material that is encased in a capsule designed to prevent leakage or escape of the radioactive material.

(329) “Sealed Source and Device Registry” or “SSDR” means the national registry that contains all the registration certificates, maintained by the NRC that summarize the radiation safety information for the sealed sources and devices and describe the licensing and use conditions approved for the product.

(330) “Secondary dose monitoring system” means a system that will terminate irradiation in the event of failure of the primary dose monitoring system.

(331) “Secondary protective barrier” means the material that attenuates stray radiation.

(331g) “Security order” means any order that was issued by the NRC that required fingerprints and an FBI criminal history records check for access to any one of the following:

(a) Safeguards information.

(b) Safeguards information-modified handling.

(331m) “Security screening unit” means a non-human use open-beam or cabinet x-ray system with accessible openings designed for the detection of weapons, bombs, or contraband concealed in baggage, mail, packages or other commodities or structure.

(331r) “Security zone” means any temporary or permanent area established by the licensee for the physical protection of category 1 or category 2 quantities of radioactive material.

(332) “Self-contained breathing apparatus” or “SCBA” means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the breathing air source is designed to be carried by the user.

(333) “Shadow tray” means a device attached to the radiation head to support auxiliary beam blocking material.

(334) “Shallow dose equivalent” or “Hs” means the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 0.007 centimeter (7 mg/cm2). “Shallow dose equivalent” applies to the external exposure of the skin of the whole body or the skin of an extremity.

(335) “SI” means the abbreviation for the International System of Units.

(336) “Shielded position” means the location within the radiographic exposure device, source changer or storage container that, by manufacturer’s design, is the proper location for storage of the sealed source.

(336m)

(a) “Shielded room” means a room housing a radiation generating device where, with the device at maximum technique factors, the exterior room environs meets the unrestricted area dose limits of 0.02 mSv (2 mrem) in any one hour and 1 mSv (100 mrem) in a year at 30 cm from the surface of the barrier.

(b) “Shielded room” does not include any of the following:

1. A radiation generating device that meets the definition of cabinet x-ray system.

2. A permanent radiographic installation.

3. A radiation room.

(337) “Shutter” means a device attached to the tube housing assembly which may totally intercept the useful beam and which has a lead equivalency not less than that of the tube housing assembly.

(338) “Sievert” or “Sv” means the SI unit of dose equivalent. The unit of dose equivalent is the joule per kilogram. The special unit of dose equivalent (rem) is being replaced by the sievert. 1 Sv=100 rem.

(339) “Single tomogram system” means a CT x-ray system which obtains x-ray transmission data during a scan to produce a single tomogram.

(340) “Site area emergency” means an event may occur, is in progress, or has occurred that could lead to a significant release of radioactive material and require a response by offsite response organizations to protect people offsite.

(341) “Site boundary” means that line beyond which the land or property is not owned, leased or otherwise controlled by the licensee or registrant.

(342) “Source” means the region and material from which the radiation emanates.

(343) “Source applicator” means a device used to place a radioactive source in a precise anatomical location within the body.

(344) “Source assembly” means an assembly that consists of the sealed source and a connector that attaches the source to the control cable. The source assembly may include a ballstop to secure the source in the shielded position.

(345) “Source changer” means a device designed and used for replacement of sealed sources in radiographic exposure devices and which may also be used for transporting and storing sealed sources.

(346) “Source holder” means a housing or assembly into which a radioactive source is placed to facilitate the handling and use of the source in well logging operations.

(347) “Source-image receptor distance” or “SID” means the distance from the source of radiation to the center of the input surface of the image receptor.

(348) “Source material” means either of the following:

(a) Uranium or thorium, or any combination thereof, in any physical or chemical form.

(b) Ores that contain by weight one-twentieth of one percent or more of uranium, thorium or any combination of uranium and thorium. Source material does not include special nuclear material.

(349) “Special form radioactive material” means radioactive material that satisfies all the following conditions:

(a) It is either a single solid piece or is contained in a sealed capsule that may be opened only by destroying the capsule.

(b) The piece or capsule has at least one dimension not less than 5 millimeters (0.2 in.).

(350) “Special nuclear material” means plutonium, uranium 233, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material which the nuclear regulatory commission determines to be special nuclear material; or any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing. Special nuclear material does not include source material.

(351) “Special nuclear material in quantities not sufficient to form a critical mass” means uranium enriched in the isotope U-235 in quantities not exceeding 350 grams of contained U-235; uranium-233 in quantities not exceeding 200 grams; plutonium in quantities not exceeding 200 grams; or any combination of them under the following formula: For each kind of special nuclear material, determine the ratio between the quantity of that special nuclear material and the quantity specified above for the same kind of special nuclear material. The sum of such ratios for all of the kinds of special nuclear material in combination may not exceed one.

Note: For example, the following quantities in combination would not exceed the limitation and are within the formula:

175 (grams contained U-235) + 50 (grams U-233) + 50 (grams Pu) = 1

350 200 200

(352) “Special unit” means the alternative system of units for quantifying absorbed dose in rad, dose equivalent in rem and radioactivity in curie.

(353) “Specific activity” of a radionuclide means the radioactivity of the radionuclide per unit mass of that nuclide. The specific activity of a material in which the radionuclide is essentially uniformly distributed is the radioactivity per unit mass of the material.

(354) “Specific license” means a license, under requirements prescribed by the department by rule, to possess, use, manufacture, produce, transfer or acquire radioactive material or devices or equipment utilizing radioactive material.

(355) “Spot film” means a radiograph, which is made during a fluoroscopic examination to permanently record conditions that exist during that fluoroscopic procedure.

(356) “Spot-film device” means a device intended to transport and position a radiographic image receptor between an x-ray source and fluoroscopic image receptor. It includes a device intended to hold a cassette over the input end of an image intensifier for the purpose of making a radiograph.

(357) “Stationary beam radiation therapy” means radiation therapy without displacement of one or more mechanical axes relative to the patient during irradiation.

(358) “Stationary x-ray equipment” means x-ray equipment that is installed in a fixed location.

(359) “Stereotactic radiosurgery” means the use of external radiation in conjunction with a stereotactic guidance device to deliver a dose to a tissue volume from multiple sources of radiation simultaneously.

(360) “Stochastic effect” means a health effect that occurs randomly and for which the probability of the effect occurring, rather than its severity, is assumed to be a linear function of dose without threshold. Hereditary effects and cancer incidence are examples of stochastic effects.

(361) “Storage area” means any secure location, facility or vehicle that is used to store and secure a radiographic exposure device, a radiation machine, a storage container or a sealed source, when it is not in use.

(362) “Storage container” means a device in which sealed sources or radiation machines are secured and stored.

(363) “Stray radiation” means the sum of leakage and scattered radiation.

(364) “Structured educational program” means an educational program designed to impart particular knowledge and practical education through interrelated studies and supervised training.

(365) “S-tube” means a tube through which the radioactive source travels when inside a radiographic exposure device.

(366) “Subsurface” means below the surface of the earth.

(367) “Subsurface tracer study” means the release of a substance tagged with radioactive material to trace the movement or position of the tagged substance in the well-bore or adjacent formation.

(368) “Supplied-air respirator” or “SAR” means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user.

(369) “Surface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers” means a pipe or tube used as a lining in a well to isolate fresh water aquifers from the well.

(370) “Surface contaminated object” or “SCO” means a solid object that is not itself classed as radioactive material, but which has radioactive material distributed on any of its surfaces.

(371) “Survey” means an evaluation of the radiological conditions and potential hazards incident to the production, use, transfer, release, disposal or presence of sources of radiation. When appropriate, an evaluation includes tests, physical examinations and measurements of levels of radiation or concentrations of radioactive material present.

(371m) “Tailing” means the residual material resulting from the extraction of minerals from the earth.