Wisconsin Legislature: DHS 157.03(317)

(292) “Radiation machine” means any device capable of producing radiation, except those devices with radioactive material as the only source of radiation.

(293) “Radiation room” means a shielded room in which irradiations take place. Underwater irradiators do not have radiation rooms.

(294) “Radiation safety officer” or “RSO” means an individual who has the knowledge and training to apply appropriate radiation regulations and has been assigned the responsibility for the overall radiation safety program by the registrant or licensee and is identified on a registration or a specific license.

(295) “Radiation safety officer for industrial radiography” means an individual with the responsibility for the overall radiation safety program for a licensee or registrant and who meets the requirements of s. DHS 157.44 (2).

(295m) “Radiation safety officer for medical use” means an individual that meets the requirements of s. DHS 157.61 (7) (a) or who is identified as a radiation safety officer on a department, NRC or another agreement state medical use license or other equivalent license or permit recognized by the department for similar types and uses of radioactive material.

(296) “Radiation therapy simulation system” means a radiographic, CT or fluoroscopic x-ray system intended for localizing the volume to be exposed during radiation therapy and confirming the position and size of the therapeutic irradiation field.

(297) “Radioactive drug” means any chemical compound containing radioactive material that may be used on or administered to patients or human research subjects as an aid in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease or other abnormal condition.

(298) “Radioactive marker” means radioactive material placed in the well-bore or on a structure intended for subsurface use for the purpose of depth determination or direction orientation.

(299) “Radioactive material” means any solid, liquid or gas that emits radiation spontaneously.

(300) “Radioactivity” means the transformation of unstable atomic nuclei by the emission of radiation.

(301) “Radiograph” means an image which is created directly or indirectly by radiation and results in a permanent record, either film or electronically stored image.

(302) “Radiographer” means any individual who performs or who, in attendance at the site where the sources of radiation are being used, personally supervises industrial radiographic operations and who is responsible to the licensee or registrant for assuring compliance with the requirements of this chapter and the conditions of the license or registration.

(303) “Radiographer certification” means written approval received from a certifying entity stating that an individual has satisfactorily met the equivalent radiation safety, testing and experience criteria in s. DHS 157.44 (3) (a).

(304) “Radiographer’s assistant” means any individual who under the direct supervision of a radiographer, uses radiographic exposure devices, sources of radiation, related handling tools or radiation survey instruments in industrial radiography.

(305) “Radiographic exposure device” means any instrument containing a sealed source fastened or contained within the instrument, in which the sealed source or shielding thereof may be moved or otherwise changed, from a shielded to unshielded position for purposes of making a radiographic exposure.

(306) “Radiographic imaging system” means any system whereby a permanent or semi-permanent image is recorded on an image receptor by the action of ionizing radiation.

(307) “Radiographic operations” means all activities performed with a radiographic exposure device or with a radiation machine. Activities include using, transporting, except by common or contract carriers or storing at a temporary job site, performing surveys to confirm the adequacy of boundaries, setting up equipment and any activity inside restricted area boundaries. Transporting a radiation machine is not considered a radiographic operation.

(308) “Radionuclide” means a radioactive form of an element.

(309) “Rating” means the operating limits as specified by the component manufacturer.

(310) “Redundant beam monitoring system” means a combination of 2 dose monitoring systems in which each system is designed to terminate irradiation under a pre-selected number of dose monitor units.

(311) “Reference man” means a hypothetical aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics determined by international consensus. These characteristics may be used by researchers and public health workers to standardize results of experiments and to relate biological insult to a common base.

(312) “Reference plane” means a plane that is displaced from and parallel to the tomographic plane.

(313) “Regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation” means the regulations in 49 CFR 100 to 189 and 390 to 397.

(314) “Rem” means the special unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent.

Note: The dose equivalent in rem is equal to the absorbed dose in rad multiplied by the quality factor. One rem equals 0.01 sievert.

(315) “Research and development” means either of the following:

(a) Theoretical analysis, exploration or experimentation.

(b) The practical application of investigative findings and theories of a scientific or technical nature for experimental and demonstration purposes, including the experimental production and testing of models, devices, equipment, materials and processes. Research and development does not include the internal or external administration of radiation or radioactive material to human beings.

(316) “Residual radioactivity” means radioactivity in structures, materials, soils, groundwater and other media at a site resulting from activities under the licensee’s or registrant’s control. “Residual radioactivity” includes radioactivity from all sources used by the licensee or registrant, but excludes background radiation. “Residual radioactivity” also includes radioactive materials remaining at the site as a result of routine or accidental releases of radioactive material at the site and previous burials at the site, even if those burials were made in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

(317) “Respiratory protective equipment” means an apparatus, such as a respirator, used to reduce an individual’s intake of airborne radioactive materials.

(318) “Restricted area” means an area, access to which is limited by the licensee or registrant for the purpose of protecting individuals against undue risks from exposure to sources of radiation. “Restricted area” does not include areas used as residential quarters, but separate rooms in a residential building may be set apart as a restricted area.

(318m) “Reviewing official” means the individual who shall make the trustworthiness and reliability determination of an individual to determine whether the individual may have, or continue to have, unescorted access to the category 1 or category 2 quantities of radioactive materials that are possessed by the licensee.

(319) “Roentgen” or “R” means the special unit of exposure. One roentgen equals 2.58E-4 coulombs per kilogram of air.

Note: See the definition of the term “exposure” and also s. DHS 157.06 (4) for a further explanation of units of exposure.

(319g) “Sabotage” means the act of any person who intentionally damages, interferes, or tampers with reasonable grounds to believe his or her act will hinder, delay, or interfere with the normal operation of any one of the following:

(a) A category 1 or category 2 quantity of radioactive material.

(b) A device that contains a category 1 or category 2 quantity of radioactive material.

(319r) “Safe haven” means a readily recognizable and readily accessible site at which security is present or from which, in the event of an emergency, the transport crew can notify and wait for the local law enforcement authorities.

(320) “Sanitary sewerage” means a system of public sewers for carrying off wastewater and refuse, but excluding sewage treatment facilities, septic tanks and leach fields owned or operated by the licensee or registrant.

(321) “Scan” means the complete process of collecting x-ray transmission data for the production of a tomogram. Data may be collected simultaneously during a single scan for the production of one or more tomograms.

(322) “Scan increment” means the amount of relative displacement of the patient with respect to the CT x-ray system between successive scans measured along the direction of such displacement.

(323) “Scan sequence” means a pre-selected set of 2 or more scans performed consecutively under pre-selected CT conditions of operation.

(324) “Scan time” means the period of time between the beginning and end of x-ray transmission data accumulation for a single scan.

(325) “Scattered radiation” means ionizing radiation emitted by interaction of ionizing radiation with matter, the interaction being accompanied by a change in direction of the radiation.

(326) “SCO-I” means a surface contaminated object (SCO) for which all of the following apply:

(a) The non-fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 4 Bq/cm2 (10 -4 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 0.4 Bq/cm2 (10-5 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(b) The fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 4x104 Bq/cm2 (1.0 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 4x103 Bq/cm2 (0.1 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(c) The non-fixed contamination plus the fixed contamination on the inaccessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 4x104 Bq/cm2 (1.0 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 4x103 Bq/cm2 (0.1 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(327) “SCO-II” means a surface contaminated object (SCO) for which the limits for SCO-1 are exceeded and on which all of the following apply:

(a) The non-fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 400 Bq/cm2 (10 -2 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 40 Bq/cm2 (10 -3 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(b) The fixed contamination on the accessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 8x105 Bq/cm2 (20 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 8x104 Bq/cm2 (2 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(c) The non-fixed contamination plus the fixed contamination on the inaccessible surface averaged over 300 cm2 (or the area of the surface if less than 300 cm2) does not exceed 8x105 Bq/cm2 (20 microcurie/cm2) for beta and gamma and low toxicity alpha emitters, or 8x104 Bq/cm2 (2 microcurie/cm2) for all other alpha emitters.

(328) “Sealed source” means any radioactive material that is encased in a capsule designed to prevent leakage or escape of the radioactive material.

(329) “Sealed Source and Device Registry” or “SSDR” means the national registry that contains all the registration certificates, maintained by the NRC that summarize the radiation safety information for the sealed sources and devices and describe the licensing and use conditions approved for the product.

(330) “Secondary dose monitoring system” means a system that will terminate irradiation in the event of failure of the primary dose monitoring system.

(331) “Secondary protective barrier” means the material that attenuates stray radiation.

(331g) “Security order” means any order that was issued by the NRC that required fingerprints and an FBI criminal history records check for access to any one of the following:

(a) Safeguards information.

(b) Safeguards information-modified handling.

(331m) “Security screening unit” means a non-human use open-beam or cabinet x-ray system with accessible openings designed for the detection of weapons, bombs, or contraband concealed in baggage, mail, packages or other commodities or structure.

(331r) “Security zone” means any temporary or permanent area established by the licensee for the physical protection of category 1 or category 2 quantities of radioactive material.

(332) “Self-contained breathing apparatus” or “SCBA” means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the breathing air source is designed to be carried by the user.

(333) “Shadow tray” means a device attached to the radiation head to support auxiliary beam blocking material.

(334) “Shallow dose equivalent” or “Hs” means the dose equivalent at a tissue depth of 0.007 centimeter (7 mg/cm2). “Shallow dose equivalent” applies to the external exposure of the skin of the whole body or the skin of an extremity.

(335) “SI” means the abbreviation for the International System of Units.

(336) “Shielded position” means the location within the radiographic exposure device, source changer or storage container that, by manufacturer’s design, is the proper location for storage of the sealed source.

(336m)

(a) “Shielded room” means a room housing a radiation generating device where, with the device at maximum technique factors, the exterior room environs meets the unrestricted area dose limits of 0.02 mSv (2 mrem) in any one hour and 1 mSv (100 mrem) in a year at 30 cm from the surface of the barrier.

(b) “Shielded room” does not include any of the following:

1. A radiation generating device that meets the definition of cabinet x-ray system.

2. A permanent radiographic installation.

3. A radiation room.

(337) “Shutter” means a device attached to the tube housing assembly which may totally intercept the useful beam and which has a lead equivalency not less than that of the tube housing assembly.

(338) “Sievert” or “Sv” means the SI unit of dose equivalent. The unit of dose equivalent is the joule per kilogram. The special unit of dose equivalent (rem) is being replaced by the sievert. 1 Sv=100 rem.

(339) “Single tomogram system” means a CT x-ray system which obtains x-ray transmission data during a scan to produce a single tomogram.

(340) “Site area emergency” means an event may occur, is in progress, or has occurred that could lead to a significant release of radioactive material and require a response by offsite response organizations to protect people offsite.

(341) “Site boundary” means that line beyond which the land or property is not owned, leased or otherwise controlled by the licensee or registrant.

(342) “Source” means the region and material from which the radiation emanates.

(343) “Source applicator” means a device used to place a radioactive source in a precise anatomical location within the body.

(344) “Source assembly” means an assembly that consists of the sealed source and a connector that attaches the source to the control cable. The source assembly may include a ballstop to secure the source in the shielded position.

(345) “Source changer” means a device designed and used for replacement of sealed sources in radiographic exposure devices and which may also be used for transporting and storing sealed sources.

(346) “Source holder” means a housing or assembly into which a radioactive source is placed to facilitate the handling and use of the source in well logging operations.

(347) “Source-image receptor distance” or “SID” means the distance from the source of radiation to the center of the input surface of the image receptor.

(348) “Source material” means either of the following:

(a) Uranium or thorium, or any combination thereof, in any physical or chemical form.

(b) Ores that contain by weight one-twentieth of one percent or more of uranium, thorium or any combination of uranium and thorium. Source material does not include special nuclear material.

(349) “Special form radioactive material” means radioactive material that satisfies all the following conditions: