Chapter 701

701.0107 701.0107 Governing law. The meaning and effect of the terms of a trust are determined by one of the following:

701.0107(1) (1) The law of the jurisdiction designated in the trust instrument.

701.0107(2) (2) In the absence of a controlling designation in the terms of a trust, the law of the jurisdiction having the most significant relationship to the matter at issue.

701.0107 History History: 2013 a. 92.

701.0108 701.0108 Principal place of administration.

701.0108(1) (1) The principal place of administration of a trust is determined by any of the following:

701.0108(1)(a) (a) The designation in the trust instrument if any of the following applies:

701.0108(1)(a)1. 1. A trustee’s usual place of business is located in the jurisdiction designated in the trust instrument.

701.0108(1)(a)2. 2. A trustee is a resident of the jurisdiction designated in the trust instrument.

701.0108(1)(a)3. 3. All or part of the administration of the trust occurs in the jurisdiction designated in the trust instrument.

701.0108(1)(a)4. 4. The trust instrument designates the jurisdiction where the settlor is domiciled at the time the trust instrument is executed.

701.0108(1)(b) (b) If the principal place of administration is not validly designated in the trust instrument under par. (a), the jurisdiction where the trustee’s usual place of business is located or, if the trustee has no place of business, the jurisdiction where the trustee’s residence is located.

701.0108(1)(c) (c) The jurisdiction selected by the trustee under sub. (3).

701.0108(2) (2) 

701.0108(2)(a) (a) If a corporate trustee is designated as the trustee of a trust and the corporate trustee has offices in multiple states and performs administrative functions for the trust in multiple states, the corporate trustee may designate the corporate trustee’s usual place of business by providing notice to the qualified beneficiaries, trust protectors, and directing parties. The notice is valid and controlling if the corporate trustee has a connection to the jurisdiction designated in the notice, including an office where trustee services are performed and the actual performance of some administrative functions for that particular trust in that particular jurisdiction. The subsequent transfer of some of the administrative functions of the corporate trustee to another state or states does not transfer the usual place of business as long as the corporate trustee continues to maintain an office and perform some administrative functions in the jurisdiction designated in the notice and the corporate trustee does not transfer the principal place of administration pursuant to sub. (4).

701.0108(2)(b) (b) If there are cotrustees, the trustee’s usual place of business is determined by any of the following:

701.0108(2)(b)1. 1. If there is only one corporate trustee, the jurisdiction where the usual place of business of the corporate trustee is located.

701.0108(2)(b)2. 2. The jurisdiction where the usual place of business or the residence of any of the cotrustees is located as agreed to by all of the cotrustees with notice to the qualified beneficiaries, trust protectors, and directing parties.

701.0108(2)(b)3. 3. If the cotrustees cannot agree on a jurisdiction under subd. 2., and subd. 1. does not apply, by a court.

701.0108(3) (3) Without precluding the right of the court to approve or disapprove a transfer and subject to sub. (5), a trustee may, but has no affirmative duty to, transfer a trust’s principal place of administration to another state or to a jurisdiction outside of the United States.

701.0108(4) (4) A trustee shall notify the qualified beneficiaries, trust protectors, and directing parties of a proposed transfer of a trust’s principal place of administration not less than 30 days before initiating the transfer. The trustee shall include in the notice of proposed transfer all of the following:

701.0108(4)(a) (a) The name of the jurisdiction to which the principal place of administration is to be transferred.

701.0108(4)(b) (b) The mailing address, electronic mail address, if available, and telephone number at the new location at which the trustee can be contacted.

701.0108(4)(c) (c) An explanation of the reasons for the proposed transfer.

701.0108(4)(d) (d) The date on which the proposed transfer is anticipated to occur.

701.0108(4)(e) (e) The date, not less than 30 days after the giving of the notice, by which a qualified beneficiary, trust protector, or directing party must notify the trustee of an objection to the proposed transfer.

701.0108(5) (5) If a qualified beneficiary, trust protector, or directing party commences a judicial proceeding objecting to the proposed transfer on or before the date specified in the notice, a trustee may not act under sub. (3) without court approval to transfer a trust’s principal place of administration until the judicial proceeding is resolved or withdrawn.

701.0108(6) (6) In connection with a transfer of a trust’s principal place of administration, the trustee may transfer some or all of the trust property to a successor trustee designated in the terms of the trust or appointed pursuant to s. 701.0704.

701.0108(7) (7) The law of the trust’s principal place of administration governs administrative matters related to the trust.

701.0108 History History: 2013 a. 92.

701.0109 701.0109 Methods of notice; waiver.

701.0109(1) (1) Notice to a person under this chapter or the sending of a document to a person under this chapter shall be accomplished in a manner reasonably suitable under the circumstances and likely to result in receipt of the notice or document. Permissible methods of notice or for sending a document include 1st class mail, personal delivery, delivery to the person’s last known place of residence or place of business, or a properly directed electronic message.

701.0109(2) (2) Notice otherwise required under this chapter or a document otherwise required to be sent under this chapter does not need to be provided to a person whose identity or location is unknown to and not reasonably ascertainable by a trustee.

701.0109(3) (3) Notice, the sending of a document, or the right to object granted under this chapter may be waived by the person to be notified, sent the document, or who has the right to object.

701.0109(4) (4) Notice of a judicial proceeding shall be given as provided in s. 701.0205.

701.0109(5) (5) If notice is given to a trustee and more than one person is serving as trustee, notice given to any trustee is considered to be given to all persons serving as trustee, except that if a corporate trustee or an attorney licensed to practice in this state is serving as a trustee, notice must be given to all such corporate trustees and attorney trustees.

701.0109 History History: 2013 a. 92; 2023 a. 127.

701.0110 701.0110 Others treated as qualified beneficiaries.

701.0110(1) (1) An identified charitable organization has the rights of a qualified beneficiary under this chapter if the identified charitable organization, on the date on which the identified charitable organization’s qualification is being determined, is a current beneficiary or a presumptive remainder beneficiary.

701.0110(2) (2) An animal protector or a person appointed to enforce a trust created for a noncharitable purpose without an ascertainable beneficiary as provided in either s. 701.0408 or 701.0409 has the rights of a qualified beneficiary under this chapter.

701.0110(3) (3) The attorney general of this state has the rights of a qualified beneficiary under this chapter with respect to a charitable trust having its principal place of administration in this state only when there is no identified charitable organization that would qualify under sub. (1).

701.0110 History History: 2013 a. 92; 2023 a. 127.

701.0111 701.0111 Nonjudicial settlement agreements.

701.0111(1) (1) In this section, “interested person” means a person whose consent would be required in order to achieve a binding settlement were the settlement to be approved by the court.

701.0111(2) (2) An interested person may be represented under this section as provided in subch. III.

701.0111(3) (3) Except as provided in sub. (4), an interested person may enter into a binding nonjudicial settlement agreement with respect to any matter involving a trust. A binding nonjudicial settlement agreement is considered part of the trust instrument.

701.0111(4) (4) A nonjudicial settlement agreement is valid only to the extent it includes terms and conditions that could be properly approved, ordered, directed, or otherwise determined by a court under this chapter or other applicable law.

701.0111(5) (5) Except as provided in sub. (4), matters that may be addressed by a nonjudicial settlement agreement include any of the following:

701.0111(5)(a) (a) The interpretation or construction of the terms of the trust.

701.0111(5)(b) (b) The approval of a trustee’s report or accounting or waiver of the preparation of a trustee’s report or accounting.

701.0111(5)(c) (c) Direction to a trustee to perform or refrain from performing a particular act or the grant to a trustee of any necessary power.

701.0111(5)(d) (d) The resignation or appointment of a trustee or the removal of a trustee and replacement with a suitable successor trustee.

701.0111(5)(e) (e) The determination of a trustee’s compensation.

701.0111(5)(f) (f) The transfer of a trust’s principal place of administration.

701.0111(5)(g) (g) The liability or release from liability of a trustee for an action relating to the trust.

701.0111(5)(h) (h) The criteria for distribution to a beneficiary where the trustee is given discretion.

701.0111(5)(i) (i) The resolution of disputes arising out of the administration or distribution of the trust.

701.0111(5)(j) (j) An investment action.

701.0111(5)(k) (k) The appointment of and powers granted to a directing party or a trust protector.

701.0111(5)(L) (L) Direction to a directing party or to a trust protector to perform or refrain from performing a particular act or the grant of a power to a directing party or trust protector.

701.0111(5)(m) (m) The modification or termination of a trust.

701.0111(6) (6) Any interested person or other person affected may request a court to approve a nonjudicial settlement agreement, to determine whether the representation as provided in subch. III was adequate, or to determine whether the agreement contains terms and conditions the court could have properly approved, ordered, directed, or otherwise determined.

701.0111(7) (7) Notice of any nonjudicial settlement agreement shall be given to the settlor, if living, the trustee, each trust protector, and each directing party at least 30 days before the proposed effective date of the nonjudicial settlement agreement. Notice is considered to be waived by any person who is a party to the agreement.

701.0111 History History: 2013 a. 92; 2023 a. 127.

701.0113 701.0113 Insurable interest of trustee.

701.0113(1) (1) In this section:

701.0113(1)(a) (a) “Relative” means a spouse or individual related within the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree of kinship under s. 990.001 (16).

701.0113(1)(b) (b) “Settlor” means a person that executes a trust instrument and includes a person for whom a fiduciary or agent is acting.

701.0113(2) (2) A trustee of a trust has an insurable interest in the life of an individual insured under a life insurance policy that is owned by the trustee of the trust acting in a fiduciary capacity or that designates the trust itself as the owner if, on the date the policy is issued, all of the following apply:

701.0113(2)(a) (a) The insured is any of the following:

701.0113(2)(a)1. 1. A settlor of the trust.

701.0113(2)(a)2. 2. An individual in whom a settlor of the trust has, or would have had if living at the time the policy was issued, an insurable interest.

701.0113(2)(b) (b) The life insurance proceeds are primarily for the benefit of one or more trust beneficiaries who have any of the following:

701.0113(2)(b)1. 1. An insurable interest in the life of the insured.

701.0113(2)(b)2. 2. A substantial interest engendered by love or affection in the continuation of the life of the insured and, if not included under subd. 1., the beneficiary is a relative or stepchild of the insured.

701.0113 History History: 2023 a. 127.

subch. II of ch. 701 SUBCHAPTER II

JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS

701.0201 701.0201 Role of court in administration of trust.

701.0201(1) (1) The court may intervene in the administration of a trust to the extent its jurisdiction is invoked by an interested person or as provided by law.

701.0201(2) (2) Unless ordered by the court upon a petition of a settlor, trustee, or qualified beneficiary requesting continuing judicial supervision, a trust is not subject to continuing judicial supervision.

701.0201(3) (3) A judicial proceeding involving a trust or the trust’s administration may involve any of the following:

701.0201(3)(a) (a) Determining the validity of all or any part of a trust.

701.0201(3)(b) (b) Appointing or removing a trustee, directing party, or trust protector.

701.0201(3)(c) (c) Appointing a representative or guardian ad litem, as provided in s. 701.0305, whether or not any other judicial proceeding concerning the trust is pending.

701.0201(3)(d) (d) Reviewing and approving a fee of a trustee, directing party, or trust protector.

701.0201(3)(e) (e) Approving interim or final accounts.

701.0201(3)(f) (f) Ascertaining trust beneficiaries.

701.0201(3)(g) (g) Determining the existence or nonexistence of any immunity, power, privilege, duty, or right.