48.43(1)(d)(d) A finding that the termination of parental rights is in the best interests of the child. 48.43(2)(2) An order terminating parental rights permanently severs all legal rights and duties between the parent whose parental rights are terminated and the child and between the child and all persons whose relationship to the child is derived through that parent, except as follows: 48.43(2)(a)(a) The relationship between the child and his or her siblings is not severed until that relationship is extinguished by an order of adoption as provided in s. 48.92 (2). 48.43(2)(b)(b) A relative whose relationship to the child is derived through the parent whose parental rights are terminated is considered to be a relative of the child for purposes of placement of, and permanency planning for, the child until that relationship is extinguished by an order of adoption as provided in s. 48.92 (2). 48.43(3)(3) If only one parent consents under s. 48.41 or if the grounds specified in s. 48.415 are found to exist as to only one parent, the rights of only that parent may be terminated without affecting the rights of the other parent. 48.43(4)(4) A certified copy of the order terminating parental rights shall be furnished by the court to the agency given guardianship for placement for adoption of the child or to the person appointed as the guardian of the child under s. 48.977 (2). The court shall, upon request, furnish a certified copy of the child’s birth certificate and a transcript of the testimony in the termination of parental rights hearing to the same person or agency. 48.43(5)(a)(a) If the custodian specified in sub. (1) (a) is an agency, the agency shall report to the court on the status of the child at least once each year until the child is adopted or reaches 18 years of age, whichever is sooner. The agency shall file an annual report no less than 30 days before the anniversary of the date of the order. An agency may file an additional report at any time if it determines that more frequent reporting is appropriate. A report shall summarize the child’s permanency plan and the recommendations of the review panel under s. 48.38 (5), if any, and shall describe any progress that has been made in finding a permanent placement for the child. 48.43(5)(b)1.1. The court shall hold a hearing to review the permanency plan within 30 days after receiving a report under par. (a). At least 10 days before the date of the hearing, the court shall provide notice of the time, place, and purpose of the hearing to the agency that prepared the report, the child’s guardian, the child, and the child’s foster parent, the operator of the facility in which the child is living, or the relative or like-kin with whom the child is living. 48.43(5)(b)2.2. If the child’s permanency plan includes a statement under s. 48.38 (4) (i) indicating that the child’s age and developmental level are sufficient for the court to consult with the child regarding the child’s permanency plan or if, notwithstanding a decision under s. 48.38 (4) (i) that it would not be appropriate for the court to consult with the child, the court determines that consultation with the child would be in the best interests of the child, the court shall consult with the child, in an age-appropriate and developmentally appropriate manner, regarding the child’s permanency plan and any other matters the court finds appropriate. If none of those circumstances apply, the court may permit the child’s caseworker, the child’s counsel, or, subject to s. 48.235 (3) (a), the child’s guardian ad litem to make a written or oral statement during the hearing, or to submit a written statement prior to the hearing, expressing the child’s wishes, goals, and concerns regarding the permanency plan and those matters. If the court permits such a written or oral statement to be made or submitted, the court may nonetheless require the child’s presence at the hearing. 48.43(5)(b)2m.2m. If the permanency goal of the child’s permanency plan is placement of the child in a planned permanent living arrangement described in ss. 48.38 (4) (fg) 5., the agency that prepared the report shall present to the court specific information showing that intensive and ongoing efforts were made by the agency, including searching social media, to return the child to the child’s home or to place the child for adoption, with a guardian, or with a fit and willing relative and that those efforts have proved unsuccessful and specific information showing the steps taken by the agency, including consultation with the child, to ascertain whether the child has regular, ongoing opportunities to engage in age or developmentally appropriate activities and to ensure that the child’s caregiver is applying the reasonable and prudent parent standard to decisions concerning the child’s participation in those activities. In addition, at the hearing the court shall consult with the child about the permanency outcome desired by the child. 48.43(5)(b)3.3. The court shall give a foster parent, operator of a facility, or relative or like-kin who is notified of a hearing under subd. 1. a right to be heard at the hearing by permitting the foster parent, operator, or relative or like-kin to make a written or oral statement during the hearing, or to submit a written statement prior to the hearing, relevant to the issues to be determined at the hearing. The foster parent, operator of a facility, or relative or like-kin does not become a party to the proceeding on which the hearing is held solely on the basis of receiving that notice and right to be heard. 48.43(5)(bm)(bm) If the order under sub. (1) involuntarily terminated parental rights to an Indian child, the court shall also provide notice of the hearing under par. (b) to the Indian child’s tribe in the manner specified in s. 48.028 (4) (a). No hearing may be held under par. (b) until at least 10 days after receipt of notice of the hearing by the Indian child’s tribe or, if the identity or location of the Indian child’s tribe cannot be determined, until at least 15 days after receipt of notice of the hearing by the U.S. secretary of the interior. On request of the Indian child’s tribe, the court shall grant a continuance of up to 20 additional days to enable the tribe to prepare for the hearing. 48.43(5)(c)(c) Following the hearing, the court shall make all of the determinations specified under s. 48.38 (5) (c), except the determinations relating to the child’s parents. The court may amend the order under sub. (1) to transfer the child’s guardianship and custody to any agency specified under s. 48.427 (3m) (a) 1. to 4. or (am) that consents to the transfer, if the court determines that the transfer is in the child’s best interest. If an Indian child’s guardianship and custody are transferred under this paragraph, the agency consenting to the transfer shall comply with the order of placement preference under s. 48.028 (7) (b) or, if applicable, s. 48.028 (7) (c) in placing the child, unless the agency finds good cause, as described in s. 48.028 (7) (e), for departing from that order. If an order is amended, the agency that prepared the permanency plan shall revise the plan to conform to the order and shall file a copy of the revised plan with the court. Each plan filed under this paragraph shall be made a part of the court order. 48.43(5m)(5m) Either the court or the agency that prepared the permanency plan shall furnish a copy of the original plan and each revised plan to the child, if he or she is 12 years of age or over, to the child’s guardian, to the child’s foster parent, the operator of the facility in which the child is living, or the relative or like-kin with whom the child is living, and, if the order under sub. (1) involuntarily terminated parental rights to an Indian child, to the Indian child’s tribe. 48.43(6)(a)(a) Judgments under this subchapter terminating parental rights are final and are appealable under s. 808.03 (1) according to the procedure specified in s. 809.107 and are subject to a petition for rehearing or a motion for relief only as provided in s. 48.46 (1m) and (2) and, in the case of an Indian child, s. 48.028 (5) (c) and (6). The attorney representing a person during a proceeding under this subchapter shall continue representation of that person by filing a notice of intent to appeal under s. 809.107 (2), unless the attorney has been previously discharged during the proceeding by the person or by the trial court. 48.43(6)(b)(b) The mother of a child who completes an affidavit under s. 48.42 (1g) may not collaterally attack a judgment terminating parental rights on the basis that the father of the child was not correctly identified. 48.43(6)(c)(c) Except as provided in s. 48.028 (5) (c) and (6), in no event may any person, for any reason, collaterally attack a judgment terminating parental rights more than one year after the date on which the period for filing an appeal from the judgment has expired, or more than one year after the date on which all appeals from the judgment, if any were filed, have been decided, whichever is later. 48.43(6m)(6m) If a person whose parental rights are terminated is present in court when the court grants the order terminating those rights, the court shall provide written notification to the person of the time periods for appeal of the judgment. The person shall sign the written notification, indicating that he or she has been notified of the time periods for filing an appeal under ss. 808.04 (7m) and 809.107. The person’s counsel shall file a copy of the signed, written notification with the court on the date on which the judgment is granted. 48.43(7)(a)(a) If the agency specified under sub. (1) (a) is the department, the department shall seek a permanent adoptive placement for the child or seek to enter into a subsidized guardianship agreement under s. 48.623 (2) with a proposed guardian of the child and petition the court for the appointment of that individual as the guardian of the child under s. 48.977 (2). 48.43(7)(b)(b) If a permanent adoptive or subsidized guardianship placement is not in progress 2 years after entry of the order, the department may petition the court to transfer legal custody of the child to a county department, except that the department may not petition the court to transfer to a county department legal custody of a child who was initially taken into custody under s. 48.195 (1m). The court shall transfer the child’s legal custody to the county department specified in the petition. The department shall remain the child’s guardian. 48.43 HistoryHistory: 1979 c. 330; 1983 a. 27, 219, 286; 1985 a. 70, 176, 332; Sup. Ct. Order, 136 Wis. 2d xxv (1987); 1987 a. 383; 1993 a. 395, 446; 1995 a. 275; 1997 a. 237; 2005 a. 232, 293, 296; 2007 a. 20, 199; 2009 a. 28, 79, 94; 2011 a. 181, 258; 2013 a. 20, 165; 2015 a. 128; 2023 a. 79, 119. 48.43 AnnotationParents whose rights have been terminated do not inherit from a child; the child’s siblings, whether parental rights as to them have been terminated or not, are the child’s heirs. Black v. Pamanet, 46 Wis. 2d 514, 175 N.W.2d 234 (1970). 48.43 AnnotationThe appeal process in a termination case must be commenced within 30 days after the order is entered. De Luna v. Racine County Human Services Department, 106 Wis. 2d 126, 315 N.W.2d 365 (1982). 48.43 AnnotationTermination has the same effect on relationships between members of the biological parents’ families and the child as it has on the parent-child relationship. Equitable considerations did not form a basis to allow biological grandparents to obtain visitation rights after termination and adoption. Elgin W. v. DHFS, 221 Wis. 2d 36, 584 N.W.2d 195 (Ct. App. 1998), 97-3595. 48.43248.432 Access to medical information. 48.432(1)(a)(a) “Adoptee” means a person who has been adopted in this state with the consent of his or her birth parent or parents before February 1, 1982. 48.432(1)(ag)(ag) “Agency” means a county department or a licensed child welfare agency. 48.432(1)(am)1.1. The mother designated on the individual’s or adoptee’s original birth record. 48.432(1)(am)2.b.b. If there is no adjudicated father, the husband of the mother at the time the individual or adoptee is conceived or born, or when the parents intermarry under s. 767.803. 48.432(1)(b)(b) “Individual” means a person whose birth parent’s rights have been terminated in this state at any time. 48.432(2)(a)(a) The department, or agency contracted with under sub. (9), shall maintain all information obtained under s. 48.427 (6) (b) in a centralized birth record file. 48.432(2)(b)(b) Any birth parent whose rights to a child have been terminated in this state at any time, or who consented to the adoption of a child before February 1, 1982, may file with the department, or agency contracted with under sub. (9), any relevant medical or genetic information about the child or the child’s birth parents, and the department or agency shall maintain the information in the centralized birth record file. 48.432(3)(a)(a) The department, or agency contracted with under sub. (9), shall release the medical information under sub. (2) to any of the following persons upon request: 48.432(3)(a)3.3. The guardian or legal custodian of an individual or adoptee. 48.432(3)(a)4.4. The offspring of an individual or adoptee if the requester is 18 years of age or older. 48.432(3)(a)4m.4m. The parent, guardian, or legal custodian of an offspring of a deceased individual or adoptee, if the offspring is under 18 years of age. 48.432(3)(a)5.5. An agency or social worker assigned to provide services to the individual or adoptee or place the individual for adoption. 48.432(3)(b)(b) Before releasing the information under par. (a), the department, or agency contracted with under sub. (9), shall delete the name and address of the birth parent and the identity of any provider of health care to the individual or adoptee or to the birth parent. 48.432(3)(c)(c) The person making a request under this subsection shall pay a fee for the cost of locating, verifying, purging, summarizing, copying and mailing the medical or genetic information according to a fee schedule established by the department, or agency contracted with under sub. (9), based on ability to pay. The fee may not be more than $150 and may be waived by the department or agency. 48.432(4)(a)(a) Whenever any person specified under sub. (3) wishes to obtain medical and genetic information about an individual whose birth parent’s rights have been terminated in this state at any time, or whose birth parent consented to his or her adoption before February 1, 1982, or medical and genetic information about the birth parents of such an individual or adoptee, and the information is not on file with the department, or agency contracted with under sub. (9), the person may request that the department or agency conduct a search for the birth parents to obtain the information. 48.432(4)(b)(b) Upon receipt of a request under par. (a), the department, or agency contracted with under sub. (9), shall undertake a diligent search for the individual’s or adoptee’s parents. 48.432(4)(c)(c) Employees of the department and any agency conducting a search under this subsection may not inform any person other than the birth parents of the purpose of the search. 48.432(4)(d)(d) The department, or agency contracted with under sub. (9), shall charge the requester a reasonable fee for the cost of the search. When the department or agency determines that the fee will exceed $100 for either birth parent, it shall notify the requester. No fee in excess of $100 per birth parent may be charged unless the requester, after receiving notification under this paragraph, has given consent to proceed with the search. 48.432(4)(e)(e) The department or agency conducting the search shall, upon locating a birth parent, notify him or her of the request and of the need for medical and genetic information. 48.432(4)(f)(f) The department, or agency contracted with under sub. (9), shall release to the requester any medical or genetic information provided by a birth parent under this subsection without disclosing the birth parent’s identity or location. 48.432(4)(g)(g) If a birth parent is located but refuses to provide the information requested, the department, or agency contracted with under sub. (9), shall notify the requester, without disclosing the birth parent’s identity or location, and the requester may petition the circuit court to order the birth parent to disclose the information. The court shall grant the motion for good cause shown. 48.432(7)(a)(a) If the department or another agency that maintains records relating to the adoption of an adoptee or the termination of parental rights receives a report from a physician stating that a birth parent or another offspring of the birth parent has acquired or may have a genetically transferable disease, the department or agency shall notify the individual or adoptee of the existence of the disease, if he or she is 18 years of age or over, or notify the individual’s or adoptee’s guardian, custodian or adoptive parent if the individual or adoptee is under age 18. 48.432(7)(b)(b) If the department or agency receives a report from a physician that an individual or adoptee has acquired or may have a genetically transferable disease, the department or agency shall notify the individual’s or adoptee’s birth parent of the existence of the disease. 48.432(7)(c)(c) Notice under par. (a) or (b) shall be sent to the most recent address on file with the agency or the department. 48.432(8)(8) Any person, including this state or any political subdivision of this state, who participates in good faith in any requirement of this section shall have immunity from any liability, civil or criminal, that results from his or her actions. In any proceeding, civil or criminal, the good faith of any person participating in the requirements of this section shall be presumed. 48.432(8m)(8m) The department, or agency contracted with under sub. (9), shall give priority to all of the following: 48.432(8m)(b)(b) A request or a court order for medical or genetic information under subs. (3) and (4) if it is accompanied by a statement from a physician certifying that a child has acquired or may have a genetically transferable disease. 48.432(8m)(c)(c) Any reports and requests specified by the department by rule. 48.432(9)(9) The department shall promulgate rules to implement this section and may contract with an agency to administer this section. 48.432 Cross-referenceCross-reference: See also ch. DCF 53, Wis. adm. code. 48.43348.433 Access to identifying information about parents. 48.433(2)(2) Any birth parent whose rights have been terminated in this state at any time, or who has consented to the adoption of his or her child in this state before February 1, 1982, may file with the department, or agency contracted with under sub. (11), an affidavit authorizing the department or agency to provide the child with his or her original birth certificate and with any other available information about the birth parent’s identity and location. An affidavit filed under this subsection may be revoked at any time by notifying the department or agency in writing. 48.433(3)(3) Any person 18 years of age or over whose birth parent’s rights have been terminated in this state or who has been adopted in this state with the consent of his or her birth parent or parents before February 1, 1982, may request the department, or agency contracted with under sub. (11), to provide the person with the following: 48.433(3)(b)(b) Any available information regarding the identity and location of his or her birth parents. 48.433(4)(4) Before acting on a request under sub. (3), the department, or agency contracted with under sub. (11), shall require the requester to provide adequate identification. 48.433(5)(5) The department, or agency contracted with under sub. (11), shall disclose the requested information under sub. (3) in either of the following circumstances: 48.433(5)(a)(a) The department, or agency contracted with under sub. (11), has on file unrevoked affidavits filed under sub. (2) from both birth parents. 48.433(5)(b)(b) One of the birth parents was unknown at the time of the proceeding for termination of parental rights or consent adoption and the known birth parent has filed an unrevoked affidavit under sub. (2). 48.433(6)(a)(a) If the department, or agency contracted with under sub. (11), does not have on file an affidavit from each known birth parent, it shall, within 3 months after the date of the original request under sub. (3), undertake a diligent search for each birth parent who has not filed an affidavit. The search shall be completed within 6 months after the date of the request, unless the search falls within one of the exceptions established by the department by rule. If any information has been provided under sub. (5), the department or agency is not required to conduct a search. 48.433(6)(c)(c) Employees of the department and any agency conducting a search under this subsection may not inform any person other than the birth parents of the purpose of the search. 48.433(6)(d)(d) The department, or agency contracted with under sub. (11), shall charge the requester a reasonable fee for the cost of the search. When the department or agency determines that the fee will exceed $100 for either birth parent, it shall notify the requester. No fee in excess of $100 per birth parent may be charged unless the requester, after receiving notification under this paragraph, has given consent to proceed with the search. 48.433(7)(a)(a) The department or agency conducting the search under sub. (6) shall, upon locating a birth parent, make at least one verbal contact and notify him or her of the following:
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Chs. 46-58, Charitable, Curative, Reformatory and Penal Institutions and Agencies
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