Chapter 44

44.47(3)(b)4. 4. Protect objects of archaeological significance discovered by field archaeology at state sites or discovered during the course of any public construction or demolition work on state sites, and encourage the protection of such objects discovered during the course of any other construction or demolition work.

44.47(3)(b)5. 5. Cooperate with the historical society, public and private institutions of higher education in this state, and other custodians to preserve objects of archaeological significance, together with the data relating thereto.

44.47(3)(b)6. 6. Encourage the dissemination of archaeological facts through the publication of reports of archaeological research conducted within the state.

44.47(3)(b)7. 7. Approve permits for qualified persons to engage in field archaeology as provided in sub. (4) and to otherwise carry out and enforce this section.

44.47(3)(b)8. 8. Administer the state archaeology program under s. 44.48 (2).

44.47(4) (4) Permits.

44.47(4)(a) (a) The director, acting as an agent of this state, may issue upon such terms and conditions, including restriction to a specific state site on land, as he or she designates, to a qualified natural person approved by the state archaeologist, a permit to engage in field archaeology on state sites and sites owned by political subdivisions. If a state site or the area described in an application is under the jurisdiction of any other state agency or if the field archaeology to be licensed interferes with a project of any other state agency, the director shall first obtain the approval of that state agency. The director may not issue a permit for field archaeology on a site owned by a political subdivision without the written approval of the political subdivision which owns the site. No state agency or political subdivision may withhold that approval without good cause. The director by rule may establish fees for processing applications, for permits or for renewal of permits.

44.47(4)(b) (b) If a site is located on privately owned land, any person wishing to dig or excavate at such a site is strongly encouraged to secure a permit under this section. The applicant for a permit must submit the written consent of the owner.

44.47(4)(c) (c) The director may waive sub. (3) (b) 7. in an emergency in which objects of archaeological interest are found in the course of construction or demolition work, or in other situations in which time is of the essence to save objects or gather data.

44.47(4)(d) (d) The director, upon the recommendation of the state archaeologist, the state agency administering the state site or the political subdivision which owns the site, may revoke or suspend a permit because of the improper conduct of the permittee, the use of improper or substandard archaeological methods or for other good cause.

44.47(5) (5) Ownership, custody and use of objects and data. Except as provided in sub. (5r) and s. 170.12, the state reserves to itself the title to all objects found and data gathered in field archaeology on state sites. Although a permit may name a custodian other than the historical society, title to the objects and data discovered at state sites is reserved to the historical society as trustee for the state. Physical possession of such objects shall revert to the state if such custodian ceases to exist, or if the director, on the recommendation of the state archaeologist, finds that the custodian is not properly caring for them or keeping them conveniently available for study by students of archaeology.

44.47(5m) (5m) Submerged cultural resources.

44.47(5m)(a) (a) There is established, to be administered by the historical society and department of natural resources, a program for submerged cultural resources of this state.

44.47(5m)(b) (b) The historical society, in consultation with the department of natural resources, shall coordinate the activities of the state relating to the preservation, management and public use of submerged cultural resources. The historical society may enter into agreements with federal and state agencies, political subdivisions and nonprofit organizations regarding the preservation, management and use of submerged cultural resources and the management of bottomland preserves. On or before February 1 of each odd-numbered year, the historical society shall submit a report to the governor and to the chief clerk of each house of the legislature, for distribution to the appropriate standing committees under s. 13.172 (3), on submerged cultural resources activities and implementation of this subsection.

44.47(5m)(c) (c) The historical society and department of natural resources may by rule designate areas of the bed of any stream or lake as bottomland preserves, for the purpose of enhancing preservation, management and public use of any submerged cultural resources within the bottomland preserve. A bottomland preserve may encompass more than one object or archaeological site.

44.47(5m)(d) (d) Before designation of an area as a bottomland preserve, the historical society shall consider all of the following:

44.47(5m)(d)1. 1. If the preserve will provide preservation, management and public use of submerged cultural resources.

44.47(5m)(d)2. 2. The extent to which an inventory of submerged cultural resources has been conducted for the area within the proposed bottomland preserve.

44.47(5m)(d)3. 3. Whether a plan has been prepared for the management of submerged cultural resources within the proposed bottomland preserve and for the recreational management and development of the proposed bottomland preserve.

44.47(5m)(d)4. 4. The existence of an entity that will assume responsibility for the management of the bottomland preserve.

44.47(5m)(d)5. 5. The availability of existing or planned facilities necessary for recreational uses of the bottomland preserve, including roads, boat landings, marinas, boat and diving charter services, hotels, medical decompression facilities and rescue agencies.

44.47(5m)(e) (e) The historical society and department of natural resources may promulgate rules relating to the access, use, stewardship, management, protection and recreational development of bottomland preserves, and the preservation, conservation, curation and display of submerged cultural resources and objects removed from underwater archaeological sites.

44.47(5r) (5r) Sunken logs. When reviewing an application to raise and remove sunken logs under s. 170.12, all of the following apply:

44.47(5r)(a) (a) If the director determines that a permit is necessary to preserve or protect an identified archaeological site, the director may require that a permit under this section be secured.

44.47(5r)(b) (b) In all other cases, the director shall waive the requirement for a permit under this section, but may recommend requirements relating to the gathering of data regarding any activity done pursuant to a permit issued under s. 170.12, which requirements shall be communicated to the board of commissioners of public lands and may be incorporated by that board into the s. 170.12 permit.

44.47(6) (6) Cooperation of state agencies and political subdivisions. All state agencies and political subdivisions whose activities may be affected under this section shall cooperate with the historical society and the state archaeologist to carry out this section.

44.47(7) (7) Penalties.

44.47(7)(a) (a)

44.47(7)(a)1. 1. Whoever violates sub. (2) or any rules promulgated under sub. (5m) (e) shall forfeit not less than $100 nor more than $500.

44.47(7)(a)2. 2. Whoever intentionally defaces, injures, destroys, displaces or removes any archaeological object or data belonging to the state, or intentionally interferes with evidence or work on any state site or site owned by a political subdivision for which a permit has been issued under this section or intentionally violates any other provision of this section or any rules promulgated under sub. (5m) (e) shall be fined not less than $1,000 nor more than $5,000.

44.47(7)(a)3. 3. Whoever removes any archaeological object from a state site or site owned by a political subdivision for commercial gain in violation of this section or any rules promulgated under sub. (5m) (e) shall forfeit an amount not to exceed 2 times the gross value gained or the gross loss caused by the disturbance, whichever is the greater, plus court costs and the costs of investigation and prosecution, reasonably incurred.

44.47(7)(b) (b) The director may refuse to issue or renew or may suspend or revoke the permit of any person who has violated this section or any rules promulgated under sub. (5m) (e). The director may refuse to name a school or scientific institution as the custodian of objects or data under any permit or agreement, if that school or scientific institution has failed in its duty to care for and preserve objects or data belonging to the state or has failed to make such objects or data conveniently available to the public.

44.47(8) (8) Review board. Appeals from decisions of the director shall be made to a review board composed of 3 persons: a member of the Wisconsin archaeological society, a member of the Wisconsin archaeological survey, and a member of the board of curators of the historical society. Each board member shall be chosen by the organization which the board member represents and shall serve without compensation. The review board shall submit its recommendations on all appeals to the board of curators of the historical society for final decision.

44.47(9) (9) Human burial sites. If a permit is required for field archaeology activities at a human burial site under s. 157.70, this section applies to any objects not related to the burial except that a permit is not required under this section.

44.47 History History: 1975 c. 365; 1985 a. 316; 1987 a. 395 ss. 12 to 16, 39; Stats. 1987 s. 44.47; 1991 a. 39, 206, 269, 315, 316; 1997 a. 27.

44.47 Annotation This section applies to vessels and their contents, located on state sites, if the vessels or contents have archaeological interest, except when federal admiralty law takes precedence or when the vessel or object is properly claimed by the owner as specified in s. 20.909 or ss. 170.07 to 170.10. 59 Atty. Gen. 18.

44.47 Annotation Wisconsin Shipwrecks: Finders Keepers? Whipple & Whipple. Wis. Law. Sept. 2001.

44.48 44.48 Archaeological resources.

44.48(1) (1) Mapping.

44.48(1)(a) (a) The state historical society shall prepare maps of the archaeological resources of this state.

44.48(1)(b) (b) Using the best methods practicable with the funds available for that purpose, the state historical society shall prepare:

44.48(1)(b)1. 1. Initial archaeological resources maps based on currently available information.

44.48(1)(b)2. 2. Updated archaeological resources maps based on any additional information that is available, including onsite surveys.

44.48(1)(c) (c) The director may keep any specific information regarding archaeological resources closed to the public if the director determines that disclosure of the information would be likely to result in disturbance of the archaeological resources.

44.48(2) (2) State archaeology program. The state historical society shall establish and administer a state archaeology program. The state historical society may designate qualified archaeologists or institutions to undertake on behalf of the historical society specified archaeological surveys, studies, excavations or other activities. The state historical society may designate regions of the state within which the designated archaeologists or institutions may work.

44.48 History History: 1987 a. 395.