Chapter 343

343.06(1)(d) (d) To any person whose dependence on alcohol has attained such a degree that it interferes with his or her physical or mental health or social or economic functioning, or who is addicted to the use of controlled substances or controlled substance analogs, except that the secretary may issue a license if the person submits to an examination, evaluation or treatment in a treatment facility meeting the standards prescribed in s. 51.45 (8) (a), as directed by the secretary, in accordance with s. 343.16 (5).

343.06(1)(e) (e) To any person who is unable to exercise reasonable control over a motor vehicle, as defined by the department by rule.

343.06(1)(f) (f) To any person who is required by this chapter to take an examination, unless such person takes and successfully passes such examination. Deaf persons otherwise qualified under this chapter to receive a license shall be issued such license in the discretion of the secretary.

343.06(1)(g) (g) To any person who is required under the motor vehicle financial responsibility laws of this state to furnish proof of financial responsibility, and who has not furnished such proof in the manner prescribed by statute and any lawful rules of the department pertaining thereto.

343.06(1)(h) (h) To any person when the secretary has good cause to believe that the operation of a motor vehicle on the highways by such person will be inimical to the public safety or welfare.

343.06(1)(i) (i) To any person who has been convicted of any offense specified under ss. 940.225, 948.02, 948.025, 948.07, or 948.085 or adjudged delinquent under ch. 938 for a like or similar offense, when the sentencing court makes a finding that issuance of a license will be inimical to the public safety and welfare. The prohibition against issuance of a license to the offenders shall apply immediately upon receipt of a record of the conviction and the court finding by the secretary, for a period of one year or until discharge from any jail or prison sentence or any period of probation, extended supervision or parole with respect to the offenses specified, whichever date is the later. Receipt by the offender of a certificate of discharge from the department of corrections or other responsible supervising agency, after one year has elapsed since the prohibition began, entitles the holder to apply for an operator’s license. The applicant may be required to present the certificate of discharge to the secretary if the latter deems it necessary.

343.06(1)(k) (k) To any person who is not a resident.

343.06(1)(L) (L) To any person who does not satisfy the requirements under s. 343.165 (1).

343.06(1)(m) (m) To any person who has been declared incompetent under s. 54.25 (2) (c) 1. d. to apply for an operator’s license.

343.06(2) (2) The department shall not issue a commercial driver license, including a renewal or reinstated license, to any person, or reinstate a person’s authorization to operate a commercial motor vehicle, during any period of disqualification under s. 343.315 or 49 CFR 383.51, under the law of another jurisdiction disqualifying a person from operating a commercial motor vehicle under circumstances similar to those specified in s. 343.315 or 49 CFR 383.51, or under a determination by the federal motor carrier safety administration that the person is no longer qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle under 49 CFR 391, or to any person whose operating privilege is revoked, suspended, or canceled. Any person who is known to the department to be subject to disqualification as described in s. 343.44 (1) (d) shall be disqualified by the department as provided in s. 343.315.

343.06(3) (3) The department may not issue a commercial driver license valid for use in interstate commerce to any person to whom any of the following applies:

343.06(3)(a) (a) The person is less than 21 years of age.

343.06(3)(b) (b) The person does not meet the physical qualifications for drivers contained in 49 CFR 391.

343.06(3)(c) (c) The person does not satisfy the rules of the department concerning qualifications of drivers in interstate commerce.

343.06(3)(d) (d) The person has not satisfied the entry-level training requirements contained in 49 CFR 380, subparts F and G.

343.06 History History: 1971 c. 40 s. 93; 1971 c. 154 s. 79 (3); 1971 c. 219; 1975 c. 184 s. 13; 1975 c. 421; 1977 c. 29 s. 1654 (7) (a), (c); 1977 c. 41, 238, 273, 360, 447; 1983 a. 17, 243; 1985 a. 202; 1987 a. 40, 122; 1987 a. 332 s. 64; 1987 a. 403; 1989 a. 31, 105; 1993 a. 16, 227, 363, 399, 491; 1995 a. 27 s. 9145 (1); 1995 a. 77, 113, 448; 1997 a. 27, 84, 283; 1999 a. 9, 140; 2001 a. 38; 2003 a. 33; 2005 a. 126, 149, 277, 387; 2007 a. 20, 97; 2009 a. 28, 103, 302; 2011 a. 23, 32, 260; 2013 a. 371; 2021 a. 64, 152; s. 35.17 correction in (3) (intro.).

343.06 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also s. PI 21.04, Wis. adm. code.

343.06 Annotation Performance of the duty to apply sub. (7) [now sub. (1) (e)] delegated to a state driver license examiner is within the rule of civil immunity. Lifer v. Raymond, 80 Wis. 2d 503, 259 N.W.2d 537 (1977).

343.06 Annotation The offering of driver education courses by public schools is optional rather than mandatory; but if offered, all qualified students must be allowed to participate. The state superintendent may require private schools to consent to on-site inspections for compliance verification as a condition of approval granted those schools under that section. 59 Atty. Gen. 27.

343.065 343.065 Restricted commercial driver license.

343.065(1) (1) 

343.065(1)(a) (a) If an applicant for a commercial driver license is less than 21 years of age or does not meet the physical qualifications for drivers contained in 49 CFR 391 or an alternative federally approved driver qualification program established by the department by rule but is at least 18 years of age and otherwise qualified under this chapter and, subject to par. (b), the rules of the department, the department may issue the applicant a commercial driver license restricted to authorizing the operation of commercial motor vehicles not in interstate commerce.

343.065(1)(b) (b) An applicant with diabetes controlled by insulin is not eligible for a restricted commercial driver license under this section if the applicant had, in the 3-year period prior to the date of the application, any moving violation, or any reportable at-fault accident, due to diabetes while operating any motor vehicle. The department may not establish by rule a more restrictive eligibility standard relating to moving violations and at-fault accidents for applicants under this section who have diabetes controlled by insulin.

343.065(2) (2) A commercial driver license issued under this section shall clearly identify that the license does not authorize the operation of commercial motor vehicles in interstate commerce.

343.065(3) (3) 

343.065(3)(a) (a) If a person issued any commercial driver license under this chapter authorizing operation of commercial motor vehicles in interstate commerce does not have on file with the department a current certification specified in s. 343.14 (2) (im) 1m. a. covering the person’s physical qualifications, the department may downgrade the commercial driver license to a restricted commercial driver license under this section and impose a “K” restriction on the license.

343.065(3)(b) (b) The department shall promulgate rules to define “downgrade” in accordance with federal law and regulations or guidance from the applicable federal agency, to establish the process for downgrading a commercial driver license and whether or not a new commercial driver license document will be issued after a commercial driver license is downgraded, and to establish the process for reinstating a downgraded commercial driver license after the department receives from the licensee a valid medical certification or other appropriate certification of physical qualifications.

343.065 History History: 1989 a. 105; 1995 a. 113; 2011 a. 32; 2015 a. 123.

343.065 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. Trans 112, Wis. adm. code.

343.07 343.07 Instruction permits.

343.07(1c) (1c) Definition. In this section, “qualified instructor” means a person employed by a public school, private school, or tribal school, as defined in s. 115.001 (15m), holding an operator’s license and meeting the teaching certification standards of the department of public instruction or the technical college system board to teach driver education; or an instructor of a school licensed under s. 343.61; or a teacher or student teacher in a driver education course for teachers conducted by an institution of higher education.

343.07(1g) (1g) Regular permit; issuance, restrictions. Upon application therefor by a person at least 15 years of age who, except for age or lack of training in the operation of a motor vehicle, is qualified to obtain an operator’s license and has passed such knowledge test as the department may require, the department may issue a regular instruction permit. If the application is made by a male who is at least 18 years of age but less than 26 years of age, the application shall include the information required under s. 343.14 (2) (em). The permit entitles the permittee to operate a motor vehicle, except a commercial motor vehicle, school bus, or motorcycle, a motor bicycle, or a moped, upon the highways, subject to the following restrictions:

343.07(1g)(a) (a) Except as provided in this subsection, no permittee may operate a motor vehicle unless accompanied by a person who has at least 2 years of licensed driving experience, who presently holds a valid regular license, as defined in s. 343.03 (3) (a), who occupies the seat beside the permittee and who is one of the following:

343.07(1g)(a)1. 1. A qualified instructor who is 19 years of age or older. If the motor vehicle is equipped with dual controls, up to 3 other persons, in addition to the qualified instructor, may occupy seats in the motor vehicle other than the front seat.

343.07(1g)(a)2. 2. The permittee’s parent, guardian or spouse who is 19 years of age or older. In addition to the parent, guardian or spouse, the permittee’s immediate family members may occupy seats in the motor vehicle other than the front seat.

343.07(1g)(a)3. 3. A person who is 21 years of age or older. If the permittee is under 18 years of age, this subdivision applies only if the licensed person has been designated in writing to accompany the permittee by the permittee’s parent or guardian prior to operation of the vehicle by the permittee.

343.07(1g)(bm) (bm) Except as provided in par. (a), no permittee may operate a motor vehicle upon a highway in this state whenever any person is in the motor vehicle.

343.07(1g)(cm) (cm) If the permittee is at least 16 years of age, in addition to the licensed accompanying operator, one other licensed person 25 years of age or more with at least 2 years’ driving experience may occupy a seat in the motor vehicle other than the front seat.

343.07(1g)(d) (d) The permittee shall not operate a motor vehicle during the hours of darkness unless accompanied by:

343.07(1g)(d)1. 1. A licensed person 25 years of age or more, with at least 2 years’ licensed driving experience, occupying the seat beside the permittee; or

343.07(1g)(d)2. 2. A qualified instructor.

343.07(1g)(e) (e) The permittee may operate a motor vehicle when accompanied by an authorized license examiner for the purpose of examining the permittee’s ability to operate a motor vehicle.

343.07(1m) (1m) Commercial motor vehicle and school bus instruction permits; issuance, restrictions.

343.07(1m)(ag) (ag) Upon application, the department may issue an instruction permit for commercial motor vehicle or school bus operation to a person who satisfies all of the following:

343.07(1m)(ag)1. 1. The person is at least 18 years of age.

343.07(1m)(ag)2. 2. The person holds a valid operator’s license issued under this chapter.

343.07(1m)(ag)3. 3. Except for lack of training in the operation of a commercial motor vehicle or school bus, the person is qualified to obtain authorization for the operation of a commercial motor vehicle or school bus.

343.07(1m)(ag)4. 4. The person has passed the applicable knowledge test and, for an applicant for a permit authorizing operation of a commercial motor vehicle under s. 343.04 (2) (a), has satisfied the entry-level training requirements contained in 49 CFR 380, subparts F and G.

343.07(1m)(b) (b) Unless the permittee is at least 21 years of age, the instruction permit is not valid authorization for operation in interstate commerce and that lack of authorization shall be clearly indicated on the permit.

343.07(1m)(bm) (bm) A permit under this subsection that is limited to commercial motor vehicle instructional operation entitles the permittee to operate only a commercial motor vehicle upon the highways. A permit under this subsection that is limited to school bus instructional operation entitles the permittee to operate only a school bus upon the highways.

343.07(1m)(c) (c) The permittee may operate a commercial motor vehicle or school bus when accompanied by an authorized license examiner for the purpose of examining his or her ability to operate a commercial motor vehicle or school bus.

343.07(1m)(cm) (cm) A permit under this subsection is subject to the following restrictions:

343.07(1m)(cm)1. 1. Except as provided in subd. 2., the permittee may not operate a commercial motor vehicle or school bus unless accompanied by a qualified instructor or a licensed person 21 years of age or older with a valid license authorizing the person to operate such vehicle, occupying the seating position nearest to the driver. No passengers are allowed in the vehicle, except that when the accompanying operator is a qualified instructor up to 3 other permittees also being trained may occupy seats in the vehicle. The permittee may operate a commercial motor vehicle carrying property under this subdivision.

343.07(1m)(cm)2. 2.

343.07(1m)(cm)2.a. a. A permittee may operate a commercial motor vehicle or school bus, other than a vehicle type specified in s. 343.04 (2) (a), (c) or (f), within this state unaccompanied by a qualified instructor or a licensed person 25 years of age or older with at least 2 years of licensed driving experience in a representative vehicle and a valid license authorizing the person to operate such vehicle if the permittee has taken and passed the applicable knowledge tests, the permittee is operating the vehicle in connection with a driver training course or program approved by the department, the vehicle is being used by the permittee exclusively for driver training purposes and not for the purposes of carrying property or passengers, and direct, uninterrupted audio or audiovisual electronic communication between a qualified instructor and the permittee is maintained at all times the permittee is operating the vehicle.

343.07(1m)(cm)2.b. b. This subdivision shall apply to the extent permitted under federal law.

343.07(1m)(d) (d) No person holding an instruction permit issued under this subsection may operate a tank vehicle unless the tanks are empty and, if the tanks contained hazardous materials, purged or a vehicle transporting hazardous materials requiring placarding or any quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin under 42 CFR 73.

343.07(2) (2) Training certificate required. Except for persons who qualify for a license under s. 343.08, the department shall not issue an instruction permit to anyone under 18 years of age, unless it has a certificate from the applicant’s qualified instructor to the effect that the applicant is enrolled in an approved driver education and training course for the purpose of the practice driving phase.

343.07(3) (3) Duration; cancellation. An instruction permit to operate vehicles other than commercial motor vehicles or school buses is valid for 18 months except that it may be canceled upon receipt of information, by the secretary, of noncompletion or unsatisfactory completion of a driver education and training course by a permittee under the age of 18. An instruction permit to operate commercial motor vehicles or school buses is valid for 180 days.

343.07(4) (4) Instruction permits; motorcycle, motor bicycle, and moped.

343.07(4)(a) (a) Subject to s. 343.16 (1) (a), upon application by a person who qualifies for issuance of a license under s. 343.06 (1) (c) and who wishes to qualify for the operation of a motorcycle, the department may issue an instruction permit for the operation of “Class M” vehicles.

343.07(4)(b) (b) The permit for motorcycle operation shall be valid for 6 months. The department shall issue no more than 3 permits for motorcycle operation to a person unless the person has successfully completed a rider course approved by the department. The department may, by rule, exempt certain persons from the rider course requirement of this paragraph. The permit for motorcycle operation entitles the permittee to operate a motorcycle subject to the following restrictions:

343.07(4)(b)1. 1. No passenger may accompany the permittee except that a person with at least 2 years of licensed driving experience and whose license is endorsed for motorcycle operation may ride as a passenger-instructor.

343.07(4)(b)2. 2. The permittee may not operate a motorcycle during hours of darkness unless accompanied by a licensed person 25 years of age or more and meeting the requirements of subd. 1.

343.07(4)(c) (c) The permit for moped and motor bicycle operation shall be valid for 6 months and entitles the permittee to operate a moped or motor bicycle subject to restrictions specified by the department by rule.

343.07 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. Trans 129, Wis. adm. code.

343.07(6) (6) Special instructional permits. This section does not apply to instructional permits issued under s. 343.075.

343.07(7) (7) Penalty for restriction violations.

343.07(7)(a) (a) Notwithstanding s. 343.43 (1) (d) and (3m), any person who violates sub. (1g) (a), (bm), or (d) or (4) (b) 1. or 2. shall be required to forfeit $50 for the first offense and not less than $50 nor more than $100 for each subsequent offense.

343.07(7)(b) (b) Upon receiving notice of a person’s conviction for a violation of sub. (1g) (a), (bm), or (d) or (4) (b) 1. or 2., the department shall notify any adult sponsor who has signed for the person under s. 343.15 (1) of the conviction.

343.07 History History: 1971 c. 164; 1973 c. 199; 1977 c. 29 s. 1654 (7) (a), (c); 1977 c. 128, 273; 1979 c. 345; 1983 a. 243; 1985 a. 65, 202; 1987 a. 122; 1989 a. 87, 105, 359; 1991 a. 12, 269, 316; 1993 a. 16, 24, 399; 1995 a. 27 s. 9145 (1); 1997 a. 27; 1999 a. 9; 2001 a. 93; 2003 a. 33; 2005 a. 149, 294, 466; 2007 a. 97; 2009 a. 302; 2015 a. 123; 2019 a. 50; 2021 a. 64, 152.

343.07 Annotation Although the liability of a passenger-teacher for the negligence of his student driver has generally been based on principles of agency, the passenger’s liability may also arise from violation of an independent duty to supervise and control the automobile based upon his agreement, as an experienced driver, to instruct and supervise an inexperienced driver. Hoeft v. Friedel, 70 Wis. 2d 1022, 235 N.W.2d 918 (1975).

343.075 343.075 Instructional permits for applicants for special restricted operators’ licenses. The department may require an applicant for a special restricted operator’s license under s. 343.135 to first obtain an instructional permit if the department deems it advisable. The department shall determine the requirements for issuance of an instructional permit under this section and the restrictions, if any, on such permits.

343.075 History History: 1979 c. 345.

343.08 343.08 Restricted licenses for persons under 18 years of age.

343.08(1) (1) Upon application therefor, the department may issue a restricted license to a person who is at least 14 and less than 18 years of age if the following conditions, in addition to any others specified in this chapter, are fulfilled:

343.08(1)(a) (a) The department must be satisfied that it is necessary for the applicant to operate an automobile, farm truck, dual purpose farm truck, motorcycle powered with an engine of not more than 125 cubic centimeters displacement, autocycle, moped, or motor bicycle owned and registered by the applicant’s parent or guardian or a farm truck leased to the applicant’s parent or guardian.

343.08(1)(b) (b) The applicant, accompanied by a parent or guardian, must have appeared in person before an examining officer with a certificate of birth to show that the applicant is at least 14 years of age.

343.08(1)(c) (c) The applicant must have passed an examination as specified in s. 343.16, including a test of the applicant’s ability to safely operate the type of vehicle which the applicant is making application for license to operate.

343.08(2) (2) 

343.08(2)(a) (a) A restricted license issued pursuant to this section is valid only until the licensee secures an operator’s license issued pursuant to s. 343.03 or reaches 18 years of age and, except as provided in par. (b), entitles the licensee to operate an automobile, farm truck, dual purpose farm truck, motorcycle powered with an engine of not more than 125 cubic centimeters displacement, autocycle, moped, or motor bicycle owned and registered by the licensee’s parent or guardian or a farm truck leased to the licensee’s parent or guardian or any combination of these vehicles, depending on the restrictions placed by the department on the particular license.

343.08(2)(b) (b) A license issued pursuant to this section does not authorize the licensee to operate any such vehicle during hours of darkness or to operate a vehicle for hire or in a city having a population of 500,000 or more or to operate a school bus or a commercial motor vehicle, including a farm truck or dual purpose farm truck defined as a commercial motor vehicle, or taxicab.

343.08 History History: 1977 c. 29 s. 1654 (7) (a); 1977 c. 273; 1983 a. 223, 227, 243, 270, 538; 1985 a. 65; 1989 a. 105; 1991 a. 316; 2019 a. 50.

343.085 343.085 Probationary licenses to new drivers.

343.085(1) (1) 

343.085(1)(a) (a) Except as provided in par. (b) and sub. (2), the department shall issue a probationary license to all applicants for an original license. The probationary license shall remain in effect as provided in s. 343.20 (1) (a).

343.085(1)(b) (b) The department may not issue a probationary license to operate “Class D” vehicles under this section to an applicant who is under 18 years of age unless the applicant has attained the age of 16, has held an instruction permit issued under s. 343.07 for not less than 6 months, and, during the 6-month period immediately preceding application, has not committed a moving violation, specified by the department by rule, resulting in a conviction. The department may promulgate rules to waive the requirement of holding an instruction permit for not less than 6 months for qualified applicants who are licensed by another jurisdiction to operate “Class D” vehicles.

343.085(2) (2) 

343.085(2)(a) (a) Any person moving to this state who has been licensed in another jurisdiction for at least 3 years, who presently holds a license, other than an instruction permit, from another jurisdiction which has not expired for more than 6 months and who has passed the person’s 21st birthday is exempt from this section.