138.01 HistoryHistory: 1991 a. 236. 138.02138.02 Contracts not affected. Nothing contained in s. 138.01 shall vitiate or affect any account, charge or entry originally made or any note, bond or other instrument expressed in any other money of account; but, except as provided in ss. 806.30 to 806.44, the same shall be reduced to dollars or parts of a dollar as hereinbefore directed in any suit thereupon. 138.02 HistoryHistory: 1991 a. 236. 138.03138.03 Judgments, how computed. Except as provided in ss. 806.30 to 806.44, in all judgments or decrees rendered by any court of justice for any debt, damages or costs and in all executions issued thereon the amount shall be computed, as near as may be, in dollars and cents, rejecting smaller fractions; and no judgment or other proceeding shall be considered erroneous for such omissions. In actions or proceedings under ss. 806.30 to 806.44, the court, in the interest of justice, may direct that all evidence submitted to the jury and the jury verdict be in U.S. dollars at a rate of exchange established by the court. The court shall convert the jury verdict to the foreign money at that rate of exchange. 138.03 HistoryHistory: 1991 a. 236. 138.04138.04 Legal rate. The rate of interest upon the loan or forbearance of any money, goods or things in action shall be $5 upon the $100 for one year and according to that rate for a greater or less sum or for a longer or a shorter time; but parties may contract for the payment and receipt of a rate of interest not exceeding the rate allowed in ss. 138.041 to 138.056, 138.09 to 138.14, 218.0101 to 218.0163, or 422.201, in which case such rate shall be clearly expressed in writing. 138.04 AnnotationA creditor is entitled to interest on a liquidated claim from the time payment was due by the terms of the contract and, if no time is specified, then from the time demand was made or from commencement of the action. Estreen v. Bluhm, 79 Wis. 2d 142, 255 N.W.2d 473 (1977). 138.04 AnnotationA merchant who first informed the customer of the 24 percent interest to be charged on an open account in statements of the account provided after the account was opened violated s. 422.302 (2). The merchant was only entitled to interest under this section. Severson Agri-Service, Inc. v. Lander, 172 Wis. 2d 269, 493 N.W.2d 230 (Ct. App. 1992). 138.04 AnnotationThe writing expressing the interest to be charged need not be subscribed by the party charged. Advance Concrete Forms v. Mc Cann Const. 916 F.2d 412 (1990). 138.04 AnnotationPrejudgment interest in Wisconsin personal injury cases. Brennan. WBB Aug. 1983.
138.041138.041 Federal rate parity. 138.041(1)(1) In order to prevent discrimination against state-chartered financial institutions with respect to interest rates, state-chartered banks, credit unions and savings banks may take, receive, reserve and charge on any loan or forbearance made on or after April 6, 1980 and before November 1, 1981, and on any renewal, refinancing, extension or modification made on or after April 6, 1980 and before November 1, 1981, of any loan or forbearance, interest at a federal rate prescribed for federally chartered banks, credit unions and savings banks, respectively, notwithstanding any other statutes. The federal rate described in this section does not include any rate permitted under a federal law which refers to a rate limit established by a state law which does not apply to state-chartered banks, credit unions or savings banks. 138.041(2)(2) In order to prevent discrimination against state-chartered financial institutions with respect to interest rates, state-chartered banks, credit unions, savings and loan associations and savings banks may take, receive, reserve and charge on any loan or forbearance made on or after November 1, 1981 and before November 1, 1984, or after October 31, 1987, and on any renewal, refinancing, extension or modification made on or after November 1, 1981 and before November 1, 1984, or after October 31, 1987, of any loan or forbearance, interest at a federal rate prescribed for federally chartered banks, credit unions, savings and loan associations and savings banks, respectively, notwithstanding any other statutes. The federal rate described in this section does not include any rate permitted under a federal law which refers to a rate limit established by a state law which does not apply to state-chartered banks, credit unions, savings and loan associations or savings banks. 138.045138.045 Method of calculating interest. Interest on any note, bond, or other instrument computed on the declining unpaid principal balance from time to time outstanding may be computed and charged on actual unpaid balances at 1/360 of the annual rate for the actual number of days outstanding if the use of this calculation method is disclosed in the note, bond, or other instrument. This section does not apply to pawnbrokers’ loans under s. 138.10. 138.045 HistoryHistory: 2011 a. 32. 138.05138.05 Maximum rate; prepayment, disclosure; corporations. 138.05(1)(1) Except as authorized by other statutes, no person shall, directly or indirectly, contract for, take or receive in money, goods or things in action, or in any other way, any greater sum or any greater value, for the loan or forbearance of money, goods or things in action, than: 138.05(1)(a)(a) At the rate of $12 upon $100 for one year computed upon the declining principal balance of the loan or forbearance; 138.05(1)(b)(b) With respect to loans or forbearances repayable in substantially equal weekly or monthly installments and the face amounts of which include predetermined interest charges, at the rate of $6 upon $100 for one year computed upon that portion of the original principal amount of any such loan or forbearance, not including interest charges, for the time of such loan or forbearance, disregarding part payments and the dates thereof; and 138.05(1)(c)(c) With respect to loans or forbearances repayable in installments other than of the type described in par. (b), the amount of interest may be predetermined at the rate set forth in par. (a) at the time the loan is made on the basis of the agreed rate of interest and the principal balances agreed to be outstanding and stated in the note or loan contract as an addition to the principal; provided that if any agreed balance of principal or principal and interest combined or any installment of principal or principal and interest combined is prepaid in full by cash or renewal the unearned interest shall be refunded as provided in sub. (2) (b). In the computation of interest upon any bond, note, or other instrument or agreement, interest shall not be compounded, nor shall the interest thereon be construed to bear interest, unless an agreement to that effect is clearly expressed in writing, and signed by the party to be charged therewith. 138.05(2)(2) Any loan for which the rate of interest charged exceeds $10 per $100 for one year computed upon the declining principal balance may be prepaid by the borrower at any time in whole or in part. Upon prepayment of any such loan in full by cash, renewal or refinancing, the borrower shall be entitled to a refund of unearned interest charged which shall be determined as follows: 138.05(2)(a)(a) On any such loan which is repayable in substantially equal, successive installments at approximately equal intervals of time and the face amount of which includes predetermined interest charges, the amount of such refund shall be as great a proportion of the total interest charged as the sum of the balances scheduled to be outstanding during the full installment periods commencing with the installment date nearest the date of prepayment bears to the sum of the balances scheduled to be outstanding for all installment periods of the loan. 138.05(2)(b)(b) On any other such loan, the amount of such refund shall not be less than the difference between the interest charged and interest, at the rate contracted for, computed upon the unpaid principal balances of the loan from time to time outstanding prior to prepayment in full. 138.05(3)(3) A contract to make loans or an evidence of indebtedness may provide for a rate of interest or penalty payable upon the principal amount of an extension of a loan or forbearance or upon any amount in default under a loan or forbearance which shall not exceed the rate allowed in sub. (1) (a). 138.05(4)(4) Any person making a loan for which interest is agreed to be paid at a rate exceeding the rate of $10 upon $100 for one year computed upon the declining principal of the loan shall, at or prior to making such loan, deliver to the borrower a statement, which may be incorporated in a copy of the evidence of indebtedness, setting forth all of the terms of the transaction in clear and distinct language, including: 138.05(4)(a)(a) The rate of interest agreed upon in terms either of simple interest computed on the declining principal balance or of the actual interest cost in money, and 138.05(4)(b)(b) A statement that the loan may be prepaid in full or in part and that, if the loan is prepaid in full, the borrower may receive a refund of interest charged. 138.05(5)(5) This section shall not apply to loans to corporations or limited liability companies. 138.05(7)(7) This section does not apply to any loan or forbearance in the amount of $150,000 or more made after May 26, 1978 unless secured by an encumbrance on a one- to four-family dwelling which the borrower uses as his or her principal place of residence. For the purposes of this section, a loan is deemed a loan which is in the amount of $150,000 or more if: 138.05(7)(a)(a) The outstanding principal indebtedness under the loan initially exceeds $150,000; or 138.05(7)(b)(b) The parties to the loan agree that the principal indebtedness may exceed $150,000 at some time during the term of the loan and, when the agreement was made, the principal indebtedness was reasonably expected to exceed $150,000 notwithstanding the fact that less than $150,000 in the aggregate was initially or later advanced. 138.05(8)(a)(a) This section does not apply to any loan or forbearance which is made on or after April 6, 1980 and prior to November 1, 1981, or to any refinancing, renewal, extension, modification or prepayment on or after April 6, 1980 and prior to November 1, 1981, of any loan or forbearance, unless it is made by a federally chartered or state-chartered savings and loan association, except this section does apply to forbearances occurring primarily for personal, family or household purposes for which the only charge is a penalty or late charge for nonpayment when due. 138.05(8)(b)(b) This section does not apply to loans made within 2 years after November 1, 1981, if made pursuant to loan commitments made on or after April 6, 1980 and prior to November 1, 1981, unless made by a federally chartered or state-chartered savings and loan association. 138.05(8)(c)(c) This section does not apply to any loan or forbearance which is made on or after November 1, 1981, or to any refinancing, renewal, extension, modification or prepayment on or after November 1, 1981, of any loan or forbearance, except this section does apply to forbearances occurring primarily for personal, family or household purposes for which the only charge is a penalty or late charge for nonpayment when due. 138.05 Cross-referenceCross-reference: See s. 422.201 regarding finance charges on consumer credit transactions. 138.05 AnnotationA roofing and siding contract with a cash price of $2,660 or 60 payments of $61.72 is time-price differential transaction. Mortgage Associates, Inc. v. Siverhus, 63 Wis. 2d 650, 218 N.W.2d 266 (1974). 138.05 AnnotationAn individual guarantor of a corporate indebtedness cannot interpose the defense of usury if the defense is not available to the corporation as the principal obligor. Sundseth v. Roadmaster Body Corp. 74 Wis. 2d 61, 245 N.W.2d 919 (1976). 138.05 AnnotationThis section did not apply to a loan to a limited partnership whose 2 general partners were an individual and a corporation. Wild, Inc. v. Citizens Mortgage Inv. Trust, 95 Wis. 2d 430, 290 N.W.2d 567 (Ct. App. 1980). 138.05 AnnotationThe sale of an interest-bearing note at a discount is not usurious unless it is found to be a cloak or cover for what is in reality a usurious loan. Val Zimmermann Corp. v. Leffingwell, 107 Wis. 2d 86, 318 N.W.2d 781 (1982). 138.05 AnnotationThis section applies to a loan to a corporation and an individual as coborrowers. Williams v. Security Savings & Loan Ass’n. 120 Wis. 2d 480, 355 N.W.2d 370 (Ct. App. 1984). 138.05 AnnotationWhile a retail seller is not prohibited by s. 138.05 (3), Stats. 1969, from including in a note a provision requiring the payment of 25 percent of the unpaid balance as a fee for collection of the account, such a provision is enforceable only to the extent that it reasonably relates to the actual collection expenses incurred. 59 Atty. Gen. 76.
138.05 AnnotationLoan fees that relate to the amount borrowed rather than to identifiable expenses incurred as a result of the particular transaction must be considered as interest for purposes of ch. 138. These loan fees are to be amortized over the contract term of the loan to determine the actual rate. A subsequent voluntary prepayment will not render an otherwise legal rate usurious, subject to sub. (2). 65 Atty. Gen. 67.
138.05 AnnotationCharges imposed on the seller of property as a condition of granting a loan to the buyer are includable as interest under this section to the extent that the charges are passed on to the buyer. 68 Atty. Gen. 398.
138.05 AnnotationBona fide commitment fees are not interest under this section. 69 Atty. Gen. 28.
138.05 AnnotationA description of the modification of Wisconsin’s usury laws. Brown and Patrick, 65 MLR 309 (1982).
138.051138.051 Residential mortgage loans. 138.051(1)(a)(a) “Contract rate” means the initial rate contracted to be paid on the principal of a loan from time to time. 138.051(1)(b)(b) “Loan” means a loan, other than a loan made by a federally chartered or state-chartered savings and loan association, secured by a first lien real estate mortgage on, or an equivalent security interest in, a one- to 4-family dwelling which the borrower uses as his or her principal place of residence and which is: 138.051(1)(b)1.1. Made on or after April 6, 1980 and prior to November 1, 1981; 138.051(1)(b)2.2. Refinanced, renewed, extended or modified on or after April 6, 1980 and prior to November 1, 1981; or 138.051(1)(b)3.3. Made within 2 years after November 1, 1981, pursuant to a loan commitment made on or after April 6, 1980 and prior to November 1, 1981. 138.051(2)(2) A loan may be prepaid by the borrower at any time in whole or in part without premium or penalty. Upon prepayment of a loan in full by cash, renewal or refinancing, the borrower is entitled to a refund of unearned interest charged determined as follows: 138.051(2)(a)(a) On a loan which is repayable in substantially equal, successive installments at approximately equal intervals of time and the face amount of which includes predetermined interest charges, the amount of such refund shall be as great a proportion of the total interest charged as the sum of the balances scheduled to be outstanding during the full installment periods commencing with the installment date nearest the date of prepayment bears to the sum of the balances scheduled to be outstanding for all installment periods of the loan. 138.051(2)(b)(b) On any other loan, the amount of the refund shall not be less than the difference between the interest charged and interest, at the rate contracted for, computed upon the unpaid principal balance of the loan from time to time outstanding prior to prepayment in full. 138.051(3)(3) For purposes of computing a refund under sub. (2), interest does not include: 138.051(3)(a)(a) Identifiable and separately itemized charges for services incident to the loan if they are bona fide and paid to 3rd parties unrelated to the lender; 138.051(3)(b)(b) Fees, discounts or other sums actually imposed by government national mortgage association, federal national mortgage association, federal home loan mortgage corporation or any other governmentally sponsored or private secondary mortgage market purchaser of a loan from the original lender; and 138.051(3)(c)(c) A loan administration fee charged by a lender, not to exceed 2 percent of the principal amount of any construction loan and one percent of the principal amount of any other loan. 138.051(4)(4) For the purpose of calculating the rate of interest on a loan scheduled to be paid in installments under sub. (2), the parties may agree that any installment paid within 30 days prior to or after the scheduled due date will be considered to have been paid on the due date. 138.051(5)(5) A bank, credit union or savings bank which originates a loan and which requires an escrow to assure the payment of taxes or insurance shall pay interest on the outstanding principal balance of the escrow of not less than 5.25 percent per year. This subsection applies to any refinancing, renewal, extension or modification of the loan on or after November 1, 1981. 138.051(6)(6) Delinquency charges on a loan shall not exceed an amount determined by application of the contract rate to the unpaid amount, including interest accrued and unpaid, until paid or maturity of the obligation, whether by acceleration or otherwise, whichever first occurs. Interest imposed after maturity may not exceed the contract rate applied to the amount due on the date of maturity. 138.051(7)(7) This section does not apply to a loan insured, or committed to be insured, or secured by mortgage or trust deed insured by the U.S. secretary of housing and urban development, insured, guaranteed or committed to be insured or guaranteed under 38 USC 1801 to 1827 or insured or committed to be insured under 7 USC 1921 to 1995. 138.052138.052 Residential mortgage loans. 138.052(1)(a)(a) “Contract rate” means the rate contracted to be paid from time to time on the principal of a loan. 138.052(1)(b)(b) “Loan” means a loan secured by a first lien real estate mortgage on, or an equivalent security interest in, a one-family to 4-family dwelling which the borrower uses as his or her principal place of residence and which is made, refinanced, renewed, extended or modified on or after November 1, 1981, but does not include a manufactured home transaction as defined in s. 138.056 (1) (bg). 138.052(1)(c)(c) “Loan administration” means a lender’s processing of a loan and includes review, underwriting and evaluation of the loan application, document processing and preparation and administration of the loan closing, but does not include appraisals, inspections, surveys, credit reports or other activities incidental to loan origination and normally taking place outside the office of the lender or performed by 3rd persons. 138.052(2)(a)1.1. A loan may be prepaid by the borrower at any time in whole or in part. 138.052(2)(a)2.2. Except as provided in s. 428.207, the parties may agree that if a prepayment is made within 5 years of the date of the loan, then the lender shall receive an amount not exceeding 60 days’ interest at the contract rate on the amount by which the aggregate principal prepayments for a 12-month period exceeds 20 percent of the original amount of the loan. 138.052(2)(a)3.3. If a prepayment is made 5 or more years from the date the loan is made, no premium or penalty may be received by the lender. This subdivision applies notwithstanding any refinancing, renewal, extension or modification of the loan. 138.052(2)(b)(b) Upon prepayment of a loan in full by cash, renewal or refinancing, the borrower is entitled to a refund of unearned interest paid. Unearned interest is that portion of any prepaid charge, excluding amounts permitted under sub. (3), multiplied by the number of unexpired payment periods as of the date of prepayment and divided by the total number of payment periods, plus, at the option of the lender, either: 138.052(2)(b)1.1. The portion of interest which is allocable to all unexpired payment periods as scheduled. Except as otherwise agreed by the parties under sub. (4), a payment period is unexpired if prepayment is made within 15 days after the payment’s due date. The unearned interest is the interest which, assuming all payments are made as scheduled, would be earned for each unexpired payment period by applying to unpaid balances of principal, according to the actuarial method, the contract rate on the date of prepayment. The creditor may decrease the annual interest rate to the next multiple of 0.25 percent. 138.052(2)(b)2.2. The total interest charge less all prepaid interest charges and the amount determined by applying the contract rate, according to the actuarial method, to the unpaid balances for the actual time those balances were unpaid up to the date of prepayment. 138.052(3)(3) For purposes of computing a refund under sub. (2) (b), interest does not include any of the following: 138.052(3)(a)(a) Identifiable and separately itemized charges for services incident to the loan if they are bona fide and paid to 3rd parties. 138.052(3)(b)(b) Fees, discounts or other sums actually imposed by the government national mortgage association, the federal national mortgage association, the federal home loan mortgage corporation or other governmentally sponsored secondary mortgage market purchaser of the loan or any private secondary mortgage market purchaser of the loan who is not a person related to the original lender. 138.052(3)(c)(c) A loan administration fee charged by a lender, including fees paid to 3rd parties for loan administration services, not exceeding 2 percent of the principal amount of any construction loan and 2 percent of the principal amount of any other loan.
