NR 812.24(2)(2) Dug well cover. The cover of the well curbing shall be made of reinforced watertight concrete at least 5 inches thick and of a diameter large enough to overlap the curbing wall by at least 2 inches. A drip groove shall be provided within one inch of the outer edge of the underside of the cover. The cover shall be free from joints. A pump installation access sleeve comprising a section of steel well casing pipe conforming to s. NR 812.11 (6) shall be installed in the cover at the time of pouring the concrete to fabricate the cover and shall terminate at least 12 inches above the top of the cover. The top of the cover shall be sloped to drain away from the access sleeve. A manhole, if installed, shall be provided with a 4-inch high metal curb equipped with an overlapping metal cover, the sides of which extend downward at least 1 1/2 inches. A tight joint shall be provided between the top of the curbing and the cover using a nontoxic plastic sealing compound. The manhole cover shall be locked or bolted in place to prevent entrance of water and to be safe from vandalism and accidents. NR 812.24(3)(3) Equipment location. All pump piping, including the pump discharge or suction pipe, shall extend watertight through an access sleeve in the dug well cover. NR 812.24 HistoryHistory: CR 18-095: r. and recr. Register June 2020 No. 774, eff. 7-1-20. NR 812.25NR 812.25 Springs. The use of a spring as a source of potable water shall comply with all of the following requirements: NR 812.25(1)(1) The placement or driving of a casing pipe into an undeveloped spring in a location easily accessible to the public regardless of the intended use of the spring water is prohibited. NR 812.25(2)(2) The unprotected nature of springs subjects them to wide fluctuations in water quality. The department discourages their use as a source of potable water. Springs vary from the standpoint of sources, locations, surrounding land uses, and elevation. Each spring considered for use as a source of potable water shall be evaluated by the department prior to use as a potable source. Development of a spring as a source of potable water may be approved only after a department evaluation and approval under s. NR 812.09 (4) (i) and sub. (3). NR 812.25(3)(3) The department may approve using a spring as a source of potable water only if the spring meets all of the following requirements: NR 812.25(3)(a)1.1. The area surrounding the spring to a distance of at least 100 feet laterally and 50 feet downgrade and the area immediately upslope from the spring to a point beyond the crest of the slope or to a distance of at least 200 feet upslope from the spring is not used for any activity, including human habitation, that may contaminate the spring. NR 812.25(3)(a)2.2. The spring outlet is at least 2 feet above the regional flood water level. NR 812.25(3)(a)3.3. The spring water flows from an underground source having enough overburden so that a horizontal plane extending back into the slope of the hill 100 feet will be at least 25 feet below the ground surface. NR 812.25(3)(a)4.4. The spring meets the minimum separation distance requirements from potential contamination sources specified in s. NR 812.08. NR 812.25(3)(b)(b) Construction. The spring outlet shall be completely protected against the entrance of surface water runoff, insects, rodents, and contaminants and shall be constructed to meet all of the following requirements: NR 812.25(3)(b)1.1. A poured concrete box structure reinforced with 3/8-inch metal bars each way shall be constructed to house the spring outlet. This spring box shall meet all of the following minimum construction requirements: NR 812.25(3)(b)1.a.a. Five-inch thick walls and roof with no cracks or holes, except for the overflow pipe in the wall and the access openings in the roof. NR 812.25(3)(b)1.c.c. A 20-inch diameter round, or a 20-inch square access opening in the roof with a 4-inch thick concrete curbing wall that extends 8 inches above the roof. NR 812.25(3)(b)1.d.d. An overlapping, tight-fitting, shoebox-type cover with 4-inch high skirted sides, constructed from welded sheet steel, to cover the access opening. NR 812.25(3)(b)1.e.e. A 4-inch diameter or larger steel pipe sleeve, comprising a section of well casing pipe conforming to s. NR 812.11 (6) extending through the roof to a point at least 12 inches above the roof for the passage of the pump suction and discharge pipe or a service pipe from a pressure tank. The steel pipe sleeve shall be provided with a one-piece top plate sanitary well seal. NR 812.25(3)(b)1.f.f. An overflow pipe with a screened outlet that terminates at least 2 pipe diameters above the maximum water level at its discharge point. NR 812.25(3)(b)2.2. Buried discharge pipe from the spring, from a pump or any service pipes from a pressure tank shall be maintained under positive gauge pressure at all times. NR 812.25(3)(b)3.3. When the pump, pressure tank, or both, are installed above the spring outlet box, an insulated housing shall be provided for frost protection. NR 812.25(3)(c)(c) Water quality. The spring shall be capable of producing water that is continuously free from coliform bacteria and free of contaminant levels in excess of the standards specified in s. NR 812.06. NR 812.25 HistoryHistory: CR 18-095: r. and recr. Register June 2020 No. 774, eff. 7-1-20. NR 812.26NR 812.26 Well and drillhole filling and sealing. NR 812.26(1)(1) Applicability. The requirements of this section apply to all wells and drillholes not regulated under ch. NR 132 or s. NR 141.25. An individual who fills and seals a well or drillhole shall complete the work in accordance with all of the requirements of this section. NR 812.26(2)(2) Protection of groundwater quality. The filling and sealing of noncomplying, unused wells or wells with contaminant levels in excess of the standards specified in s. NR 812.06 or drillholes and noncomplying water systems is a crucial step in the protection of the local groundwater quality. Wells or drillholes, especially those with structural defects, may act as conduits for the vertical movement of contamination from or near the ground surface into the groundwater or from one aquifer to another. NR 812.26(3)(3) License requirement. An individual who fills and seals a well shall be a licensed water well driller or licensed pump installer and an individual who fills and seals a heat exchange drillhole shall be a licensed heat exchange driller, except that a license is not required for any of the following individuals provided all other requirements of this section are met: NR 812.26(3)(a)(a) An individual who is employed by a licensed water well driller, licensed pump installer or a person registered as a business to perform well drilling or pump installing may fill and seal a well. NR 812.26(3)(b)(b) An individual who is a water system operator certified under s. 281.17 (3), Stats., and the well is within the service area of the local governmental water system for which the individual works may fill and seal a well. NR 812.26(3)(c)(c) An individual who is employed by a licensed heat exchange driller or a person registered as a business to perform heat exchange drilling may fill and seal a heat exchange drillhole. NR 812.26(3)(d)(d) An individual who is filling and sealing a drillhole that was not constructed to obtain groundwater or install a heat exchange loop. NR 812.26(4)(a)(a) A well or drillhole owner shall hire an individual who meets the license requirements of sub. (3) to fill and seal a well or drillhole in any of the following situations: NR 812.26(4)(a)1.1. The well water is contaminated with biological, bacteriological, viral, or parasitic agents and 3 attempts at batch chlorination by a well driller or pump installer fail to eliminate the problem. NR 812.26(4)(a)2.2. The well or drillhole poses a hazard to health or safety, or to groundwater. NR 812.26(4)(a)3.3. The well or heat exchange drillhole construction or location does not comply with the minimum standards of this chapter. NR 812.26(4)(a)4.4. Except as provided in subd. 5., the well has not been used for any water supply purpose for more than 90 days. NR 812.26(4)(a)5.5. The well is a seasonal well or high capacity irrigation well that has not been used for any water supply purpose for more than 3 consecutive years. NR 812.26(4)(a)6.6. The heat exchange drillhole will not be used as part of the heat exchange system. NR 812.26(4)(a)7.7. The pump installation is not operational, or it does not comply with the requirements of this chapter. NR 812.26(4)(b)(b) The department may require a well or drillhole owner to fill and seal a well or drillhole in any of the following situations: NR 812.26(4)(c)(c) A well driller or well constructor shall, no later than 30 days after receiving notice from the department, fill and seal a well that the well driller or well constructor constructed or reconstructed, in any of the following situations: NR 812.26(4)(c)1.1. The well construction or location does not comply with the minimum standards of this chapter at the time the well was constructed. NR 812.26(4)(c)2.2. The drillhole is an unsuccessful attempt to construct or reconstruct a well. NR 812.26(4)(d)(d) A heat exchange driller shall, no later than 30 days after receiving notice from the department, fill and seal a heat exchange drillhole that the heat exchange driller constructed, in any of the following situations: NR 812.26(4)(d)1.1. The heat exchange drillhole construction or location does not comply with the minimum standards of this chapter at the time it was constructed. NR 812.26(4)(d)2.2. The drillhole is an unsuccessful attempt to construct or reconstruct a heat exchange drillhole. NR 812.26(4)(e)(e) Any person who constructs a drillhole that is not a well or heat exchange drillhole shall fill and seal the drillhole at the completion of drilling and sampling activities. NR 812.26(4)(f)(f) The department may require any person who has filled and sealed a well or drillhole using a method or material or in a manner not in compliance with this section to take corrective action so that the well or drillhole is filled and sealed in a complying manner. NR 812.26(5)(a)(a) Filling and sealing prior to construction or demolition. Unless exempted under s. NR 123.23, any well or drillhole removed from service shall be filled and sealed prior to any demolition or construction work on the property. NR 812.26(5)(b)(b) Removal of obstructions prior to filling and sealing. All debris, pumps, piping, ungrouted liner pipe, and any other obstruction known to be in the well or drillhole shall be removed if possible before the well or drillhole is filled and sealed. When a pump is stuck within the well, a reasonable attempt shall be made using the best available technology to pull it out. If the pump cannot be pulled, a tremie pipe shall be placed in the well to a depth just above the top of the pump and neat cement grout shall be pumped in to entomb the pump and fill and seal the entire well. NR 812.26(5)(c)(c) Circulation of drilling mud in fractured formations. In a highly fractured or highly permeable geologic formation, sodium bentonite drilling mud may be circulated in the drillhole or in the well prior to the filling and sealing procedures. NR 812.26(5)(d)(d) Use of a tremie pipe. The sealing material to be used to fill and seal a well or drillhole greater than 3 inches in diameter shall be placed through a tremie pipe or by means of a dump bailer except when bentonite chips or bentonite pellets are used. Tremie pipe shall meet the requirements specified in s. NR 812.11 (2). The bottom end of the tremie pipe shall be submerged in the filling and sealing material as the grouting proceeds. NR 812.26(5)(e)(e) Wells or drillholes with inadequate grouting or sealing of the annular space. Wells or drillholes with inadequate grouting or sealing of the annular space outside the well casing pipe or liner shall be filled and sealed. Techniques are situation dependent and may include reaming a new annular space outside the well casing pipe, use of pressure grouting methods, or perforation of the well casing pipe. When perforation of the well casing or liner pipe is undertaken, it shall be done in accordance with the requirements specified in par. (i). NR 812.26(5)(f)(f) Termination of filling and sealing material. The well casing pipe and filling and sealing material may be terminated as much as 3 feet below the ground surface or to a depth below any future building foundation at the time of the filling and sealing procedure. NR 812.26(5)(g)(g) Perforation of casing or liner. Well casing or liners with ungrouted annular spaces that cannot be removed from the well or drillhole shall be perforated or ripped in place prior to filling and sealing. When an ungrouted casing or liner is perforated or ripped in place prior to filling and sealing, it shall be completed in accordance with all the following procedures: NR 812.26(5)(g)1.1. The casing pipe or liner shall be perforated using projectiles fired perpendicular to the length of the string of pipe. The perforations shall extend completely through the casing or liner pipe. As an alternative, the casing pipe or liner may be vertically ripped. NR 812.26(5)(g)2.2. Four perforation shots or one rip shall be provided for each 5 feet of casing or liner. NR 812.26(5)(g)3.3. Each perforation shot shall be a minimum of 0.4 inches in diameter. Each rip shall have a minimum width of 0.25 inches and a minimum length of 12 inches. NR 812.26(5)(g)4.4. The orientation of each successive perforation shot or rip shall be rotated by 90 degrees along the string of pipe. NR 812.26(5)(g)5.5. After the well casing or liner has been perforated or ripped, the well shall be filled completely with neat cement from the bottom up to the ground surface. The well shall be filled both inside and outside the string of casing or liner pipe using a pressure grouting method in accordance with the requirements specified in s. NR 812.20. NR 812.26(5)(h)(h) Well or drillhole casing pipe. Except as provided under par. (i), (j), or (k), the well casing pipe or drillhole casing pipe shall be left in place when a well or drillhole is filled and sealed. When the well or drillhole casing pipe is removed under par. (i), (j), or (k), the well or drillhole shall be completely filled and sealed with the sealing material as the well casing pipe is pulled or before it is pulled. Any concrete or neat cement grout that settles in the well or drillhole when the well or drillhole casing pipe is removed shall be replaced. NR 812.26(5)(i)(i) Dry drillholes. Well casing pipe may be removed from a dry drillhole and reinstalled in a well on the same property within 30 days of original drillhole construction. NR 812.26(5)(j)(j) Reconstruction ordered by the department. Well casing pipe may be removed from a well or drillhole as part of reconstruction ordered or requested by the department. The well casing pipe may only be reinstalled on the same property if the reconstruction takes place no later than 120 days after the original construction. NR 812.26(5)(k)(k) Dewatering wells or drillholes. Well casing pipe may be removed from a dewatering well or a drillhole. The removed well casing pipe may only be reused for dewatering wells. NR 812.26(5)(L)(L) Gravel packs. When a well has a gravel pack that extends up to or within 20 feet of the ground surface, at least the top 20 feet of the gravel pack shall be jetted out or removed in some other manner. Once the gravel pack has been removed, the open annular space shall be filled and sealed with neat cement grout or concrete applied with a pressure method injected through a tremie pipe. NR 812.26(5)(m)(m) Well pits. When a well terminating in a pit is filled and sealed, the pit shall also be filled and sealed, except when the pit is an alcove or if the pit will only be used for the purpose of housing valves and the pit complies with s. NR 812.36 (1). The filling of a well pit shall meet all of the following requirements: NR 812.26(5)(m)1.1. All water system features shall be removed from the pit prior to filling and sealing. NR 812.26(5)(m)3.3. One wall of the pit shall be knocked out or perforated with several holes. NR 812.26(5)(m)4.4. The pit shall be filled and sealed with clean native soil less permeable than the soil surrounding the pit. NR 812.26(5)(n)(n) Nonpressurized conduits. When wells having nonpressurized conduits are filled and sealed, the basement end of the conduit shall be permanently sealed with a watertight cap or seal. NR 812.26(6)(a)(a) General. Once obstructions have been removed from a well or a drillhole, the well or drillhole shall be filled and sealed, from the bottom up with the use of a tremie pipe, except where the use of a tremie pipe is specifically exempted. As allowed in this section, all materials used to fill and seal wells and drillholes shall meet the specifications of s. NR 812.11 (15). NR 812.26(6)(b)(b) Use of bentonite chips or pellets. Bentonite chips or pellets may be used to fill and seal wells and drillholes, subject to all of the following restrictions: NR 812.26(6)(b)1.1. Bentonite chips may not be used for wells and drillholes less than 3 inches in diameter. NR 812.26(6)(b)2.2. The total depth may not be deeper than 500 feet and the number of feet of standing water in the well or drillhole may not be more than 350 feet. NR 812.26(6)(b)3.3. Bentonite chips or pellets may not be used for any well or drillhole filled with drilling mud or bentonite slurry. NR 812.26(6)(b)4.4. Any bentonite chips or pellets placed below the water table shall be screened and poured in a manner that prevents bridging. NR 812.26(6)(b)5.5. The depth of bentonite chips or pellets shall be monitored during the filling process, at a minimum of once every calculated 10 bags, to ensure the bentonite chips or pellets are not bridging in the well or drillhole. Any bridge of the bentonite chips or pellets shall be removed. NR 812.26(6)(b)6.6. After installing bentonite chips or bentonite pellets, clear water obtained from an uncontaminated source shall be poured into the well to hydrate the bentonite chips. Water shall be introduced until the water level rises to the top of the well casing and the well will not accept any additional water at the time the individual who performs the filling and sealing operation leaves the site. NR 812.26(6)(c)1.1. Drilled wells and driven point wells larger than 3 inches in diameter shall be filled and sealed with neat cement grout, sand-cement grout, concrete, bentonite chips, or bentonite pellets. NR 812.26(6)(c)2.2. Drilled wells and driven point wells less than or equal to 3 inches in diameter shall be filled and sealed with neat cement grout poured or pumped down the drive pipe or drillhole or by poured bentonite pellets. The use of a tremie pipe is not required.
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Chs. NR 800- ; Environmental Protection – Water Supply
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