NR 811.14(1)(1) Cased and grouted depth. The cased and grouted depth for screened wells in unconsolidated formations shall be dependent on the controlling geologic conditions. Where practical, the grouted casing shall extend to at least 5 feet below the normal pumping water level and to within 5 feet of the top of the screen unless the grout depth is at least 60 feet. NR 811.14(2)(2) Treatment. Additional treatment shall be provided for wells with less than 60 feet of grouted well casing. NR 811.14(2)(a)(a) Continuous disinfection shall be provided for wells with less than 60 feet of grouted well casing. NR 811.14(2)(b)(b) Additional detention time and treatment shall be provided when the department determines that additional protection is necessary. NR 811.14(3)(3) Casing and grouting through clay or hardpan. If clay or hardpan is encountered above the formation to be developed, the protective casing and grout shall extend through the materials, but any outer casing shall be withdrawn at least 5 feet above the clay or hardpan during grouting. NR 811.14(4)(4) Gravel pack. If the well is gravel packed, the gravel shall be acid resistant and free of foreign material, properly sized, washed and disinfected prior to or during placement. NR 811.14(5)(5) Grout seal. A sand seal, bentonite seal, or seal constructed of both sand and bentonite shall be provided to prevent leakage into the gravel pack. The seal shall be 2 to 4 feet thick. NR 811.14(6)(6) Gravel refill and observation pipes. Gravel refill pipes and observation pipes, when used, shall be surrounded by a minimum of 1.5 inches of grout if installed in the grouted annular opening. Observation pipes installed between the inner and the protective casing may be plastic. Pipes shall be incorporated into the concrete pump foundation to a point at least 4 inches above the floor, and shall terminate with a threaded cap at least 12 inches above the pumphouse floor. NR 811.15NR 811.15 Special requirements for collector wells. NR 811.15(1)(1) Continuous disinfection and adequate detention time shall be provided for radial collectors. NR 811.15(2)(2) Department approval of the well site shall be obtained in accordance with s. NR 811.09 (4) (j) 1. prior to conducting any intensive investigation at the well site. NR 811.15(3)(3) The area around the collector laterals shall be under the control of the supplier of water for a distance approved by the department. NR 811.15(4)(4) The location of all caisson construction joints and porthole assemblies shall be indicated on the plans. NR 811.15(5)(5) The caisson wall shall be constructed of reinforced concrete as provided in s. NR 811.12 (8). An approved water stop shall be installed between each lift. A final water stop or gasket shall be installed between the base of the pumphouse floor and the top of the caisson. All water used in the construction of the collector shall be from a known bacteriologically safe and uncontaminated source. NR 811.15(6)(6) Provisions shall be made to assure minimum vertical rise of the caisson due to potential buoyancy concerns. NR 811.15(7)(7) The top of the caisson shall be covered with a watertight concrete floor, and all openings in the floor shall be curbed and have overlapping covers to protect against the entrance of foreign material. The caisson shall be vented through a vent pipe installed through the floor in accordance with the requirements of s. NR 811.64 (8). NR 811.15(8)(8) Pump discharge pipes may not be placed through caisson walls. NR 811.15(9)(9) Pumphouses constructed on top of the caisson shall meet the construction requirements of subchs. IV and V. The floor of any pumphouse shall be supported by concrete walls that have frost footings. NR 811.15 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 811.16NR 811.16 Special requirements for dug wells and springs. NR 811.16(1)(1) The department may approve dug wells and springs only when it is not feasible to develop a drilled well. NR 811.16(3)(3) Dug wells and springs shall be housed in a permanent watertight concrete structure which terminates a minimum of 24 inches above the ground surface, which prevents the entry of surface water, and meets the construction requirements of s. NR 811.12 (8). NR 811.16(4)(4) Discharge piping for dug wells and springs may not be placed through the sides of the concrete casing. NR 811.16(5)(5) The supplier of water shall have control of the area around the dug well or spring for a distance approved by the department. NR 811.16(6)(6) Dug well and spring collector pumping stations shall have a watertight concrete floor. All openings in the floor shall be curbed and protected against the entrance of foreign material. The entrance hatch in the floor shall be located adjacent to the inside of the well perimeter, have a curb at least 4 inches high, have the edge of a gasketed, watertight cover extending down over the curb at least 2 inches, and be kept locked when not in use. The structure shall be vented through a vent pipe installed through the floor in accordance with the requirements of s. NR 811.64 (8). NR 811.16 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 811.17NR 811.17 Special requirements for infiltration lines. NR 811.17(1)(1) The department may approve infiltration lines only when it is not feasible to develop a drilled well. NR 811.17(3)(3) The supplier of water shall have control of the area around the infiltration lines for a distance approved by the department. NR 811.17 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 811.18NR 811.18 Special requirements for sandstone wells. The requirements of this section apply to wells drilled in formations commonly referred to as sandstones in Wisconsin. This includes the St. Peter sandstone, the Upper Cambrian sandstones, and the Lake Superior sandstone. All of the following requirements shall be met: NR 811.18(1)(1) The minimum depth of the grouted casing shall be 60 feet. The grouted casing shall be installed to a depth of 10 feet below the anticipated pumping water level, except in cases when the department determines that this requirement is not necessary to meet the requirements of this chapter. NR 811.18(2)(2) If the sandstone is overlain by creviced limestone or shale formations, the grouted casing shall be installed a minimum of 15 feet into firm sandstone. The department shall be contacted for the required depth of grouted casing for locations where this type of construction will be required. Wells constructed to utilize aquifers beneath the Maquoketa shale shall be cased and grouted to beneath the depth of the Maquoketa shale. NR 811.18(3)(3) If the depth of unconsolidated material is more than 60 feet, the grouted casing shall be seated in firm sandstone if the sandstone is the upper rock formation. NR 811.18(4)(4) If the depth of unconsolidated material is less than 60 feet and the sandstone is the upper rock formation, the department shall be contacted for the required depth of grouted casing. NR 811.18 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 811.19NR 811.19 Special requirements for limestone or dolomite wells. This section applies to wells drilled in formations commonly referred to as limestones and dolomites in Wisconsin. This includes the Niagara dolomite, the Galena-Platteville dolomite and the Prairie du Chien dolomite. When an acceptable sandstone aquifer can be utilized, construction of limestone or dolomite wells should be avoided. The following requirements apply to wells located in limestone and dolomite aquifers which are not overlain by consolidated shale or sandstone formations. NR 811.19(1)(1) At a minimum, continuous disinfection, and possibly detention, shall be provided when the department determines that additional protection is necessary. NR 811.19(2)(2) Continuous disinfection shall be provided for wells with less than 60 feet of grouted casing. NR 811.19(3)(3) If the depth of unconsolidated material overlying the limestone is 60 feet or greater for a minimum radius of one-half mile and there is no record of sinkholes, quarries, improperly constructed wells, or outcrops within that area, the minimum depth of grouted casing shall be 60 feet. The department may require greater depths of grouted casing in areas where there is known bacteria or nitrate concentrations exceeding drinking water standards. The casing shall be installed to a depth of 10 feet below the anticipated pumping water level unless the department waives this requirement after finding it unnecessary in meeting the requirements of this chapter. NR 811.19(4)(4) If the depth of unconsolidated material is more than 60 feet and only 60 feet of grouted casing is required by the department, the casing shall be seated in firm limestone. NR 811.19(5)(5) If the depth of unconsolidated material is less than 60 feet at the well site or within one-half mile of the well site, the water system owner shall contact the department to determine the required minimum depth of grouted casing. An inner casing size of at least 12 inches in diameter shall be required to permit the installation of a grouted liner at a future date if the water from the well shows evidence of contamination. The department may waive the casing size requirement if it is demonstrated that it is unnecessary to meet the requirements of this chapter, but in that case a minimum of 100 feet of grouted casing is required. NR 811.19 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; CR 22-074: am. (3), (5) Register January 2024 No. 817, eff. 2-1-24; correction in (5) made under s. 35.17, Stats., Register January 2024 No. 817. NR 811.20NR 811.20 Special requirements for granite wells. The department shall be contacted for specific case-by-case constructional requirements for all proposed developments of wells in Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rock commonly referred to as “granite”. At a minimum, continuous disinfection and possibly detention, shall be provided when the department determines that additional protection is necessary. NR 811.20 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 811.21NR 811.21 General requirements. Surface water sources include all lakes, rivers, and streams. The source of water selected by the water system owner as a surface water supply shall be from the best available source practicable. The source shall provide the highest quality water reasonably available which, with appropriate treatment and adequate safeguards, will meet the drinking water standards under ch. NR 809. The water system owner shall contact the department’s office of energy to initiate pre-application consultation regarding ch. 30, Stats., permitting. Any proposal that will result in a diversion from the Great Lakes basin requires department approval under s. 281.346, Stats. A water system that utilizes a surface water source shall meet all of the following requirements: NR 811.21(1)(1) Quality. The water system owner shall conduct an investigative study that includes both natural and man-made factors that may affect water quality of the selected surface water supply. The study shall include all of the following: NR 811.21(1)(b)(b) Determining degree of control of the watershed by the water system. NR 811.21(1)(c)(c) Assessing degree of hazard to the water supply by agricultural, industrial, recreational, shipping and residential activities in the watershed, and by accidental spillage of materials that may be harmful or detrimental to the treatment process. NR 811.21(1)(d)(d) Assessing all waste discharges, point source and non-point source, and activities that could impact the water supply. The location of each waste discharge shall be shown on a scale map. NR 811.21(1)(e)(e) For lakes, an analysis of the area water currents and for streams, an analysis of streamflows, and their potential impact on water quality. Consideration shall be given to potential wind and ice conditions. NR 811.21(1)(f)(f) Obtaining samples that are representative of the proposed intake structure based on depth and location. Parameters that may be subject to seasonal variation shall be taken for a period of up to one year or over a sufficient period of time to assess such variation. Testing shall include turbidity, pH, alkalinity, hardness, bromide, total organic carbon, color, taste and odor, ammonia, microbiological organisms, heavy metals including lead and copper, volatile organics, synthetic organics, inorganics, and radiological characteristics of the water. The microbiological testing shall satisfy the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule requirements found in ss. NR 809.33 to 809.335. The source water shall meet the surface water quality standards in ch. NR 102. NR 811.21(2)(2) Quantity. The quantity of the water at the source shall: NR 811.21(2)(a)(a) Be adequate in conjunction with water from other existing sources to meet the maximum 20-year projected water demand of the service area, as shown by calculations based on a one in 50-year drought or the extreme drought of record, and shall include multiple year droughts. NR 811.21 NoteNote: The department recommends water systems using a surface water supply source are provided with redundant intakes or an alternative means of supplying the maximum day water demand.
NR 811.21(3)(3) Location. The inlet for the intake shall not be located: NR 811.21(3)(a)(a) Within 1,000 feet of boat launching ramps, marinas, docks, or floating fishing piers which are accessible by the public. NR 811.21(3)(b)(b) In areas subject to excessive siltation or in areas subject to receiving immediate runoff from wooded sloughs or swamps. NR 811.21(3)(c)(c) Within 1,000 feet of a wastewater treatment plant outfall outlet. NR 811.21(4)(4) Minimum treatment. The design of the treatment processes, equipment, and structures shall depend on an evaluation of the nature and quality of the particular water to be treated. NR 811.21(4)(a)(a) The design of the water treatment plant must consider the worst conditions that are projected to occur during the life of the facility. NR 811.21(4)(b)(b) Filtration preceded by appropriate pretreatment shall be provided for all surface waters. NR 811.21(4)(d)(d) Additional treatment may be required by the department based on raw water sampling and other water quality factors. NR 811.21 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; CR 22-074: am. (intro.), (1) (intro.), (b), (e), (2) (a) Register January 2024 No. 817, eff. 2-1-24. NR 811.22NR 811.22 Intakes. Intake structures shall provide for all of the following: NR 811.22(1)(1) Velocity of flow .25 to .50 feet per second through the inlet structure so that frazil ice will be held to a minimum. NR 811.22(1m)(1m) Sufficient opening area to minimize headloss shall be provided when buried surface water collectors are used. Particular attention should be given to the selection of backfill material in relation to the collector pipe slot size and gradation of the native material over the collector system. NR 811.22 NoteNote: The department recommends water systems using a surface water supply source include redundant intakes or an alternate means of supplying the maximum day water demand.
NR 811.22(2)(2) Withdrawal of water from the depth of the best water quality or the capability to draw from more than one level or more than one location if water quality varies with depth or location or both. NR 811.22(4)(4) Adequate protection against rupture by dragging anchors, ice, and other activity. NR 811.22(5)(5) Locations referenced by permanent monuments or latitude and longitude as measured by a Global Positioning System (GPS). NR 811.22(6)(6) A diversion device capable of keeping large quantities of fish or debris from entering an intake structure where shore wells are not provided. NR 811.22 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; CR 22-074: cr. (1m), am. (3), cr. (3m) Register January 2024 No. 817, eff. 2-1-24. NR 811.23(1)(1) Shore well structures shall comply with all of the following: NR 811.23(1)(a)(a) Have motors and electrical controls located above grade and above flood level.
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