NR 810.02(39)(39) “Slow sand filtration” means a process involving passage of raw water through a bed of sand at low velocity, generally less than 0.4 m/h, resulting in substantial particulate removal by physical and biological mechanisms. NR 810.02(40)(40) “Surface water” means all water which is open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff. NR 810.02(41)(41) “Surface water systems” means public water systems using surface water or groundwater under the direct influence of surface water as a source and that are subject to the requirements of 40 CFR 141, subpart H, P, and W, which contains the national primary drinking water regulations. NR 810.02(42)(42) “Transient non-community water system” or “TNCWS” means a non-community water system that serves at least 25 people at least 60 days of the year but does not regularly serve at least 25 of the same persons over 6 months per year. NR 810.02 NoteNote: Examples of transient non-community water systems include those serving taverns, motels, restaurants, churches, campgrounds and parks.
NR 810.02(43)(43) “Unfiltered system” means a public water system using groundwater under the direct influence of surface water that is not a filtered system. NR 810.02(44)(44) “Utility” means a public utility as defined in ch. 196, Stats. NR 810.02(46)(46) “Virus” means a virus of fecal origin which is infectious to humans by waterborne transmission. NR 810.02(47)(47) “Water storage facilities” means vented reservoirs, water towers, standpipes and treatment plant basins including ground and elevated storage structures. It does not include hydropneumatic tanks or natural surface water bodies. NR 810.02(48)(48) “Water supplier” means any person who owns or operates a public water system. NR 810.02(49)(49) “Waterworks” or “water system” means all facilities, structures, pipes, conduits and appurtenances by means of which water is delivered to consumers except piping and fixtures inside buildings served, water services and private water mains as defined in ch. SPS 381. NR 810.02(50)(50) “Well” means an excavation or opening into the ground made by digging, boring, drilling, driving or other methods for the purpose of obtaining groundwater. NR 810.02(51)(51) “Well driller” means a person defined as a well driller by s. 280.01 (2m), Stats. NR 810.02(52)(52) “Wholesale” or “wholesaler system” means a public water system that treats source water as necessary to produce finished water and then delivers some or all of that finished water to another public water system through one or more master meters. Delivery may be through a direct connection or through the distribution system of one or more consecutive systems. NR 810.02(53)(53) “WPDES permit” means the Wisconsin pollutant discharge elimination system permit issued by the department under ch. 283, Stats., for the discharge of pollutants. NR 810.02 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; correction in (51) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register November 2010 No. 659; correction in (18) and (49) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register January 2012 No. 673. NR 810.03NR 810.03 General operational requirements. The water supplier shall be responsible for ensuring that the public water system is operated and maintained to provide an adequate quantity of safe drinking water to those consumers served by the supplier. This responsibility includes maintaining or contracting for an adequate number of trained staff to perform all duties necessary, performing maintenance and replacement of equipment when necessary to keep the facilities in good operating condition, and providing adequate laboratory testing equipment to control and monitor treatment processes and chemical addition programs. All water suppliers for community systems shall operate the public water system within the design parameters of ch. NR 811 and all parameters of the specific plan approvals for that system. This responsibility also includes ensuring that sufficient fiscal resources are available for adequate operation and maintenance. NR 810.03 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 810.04NR 810.04 Certified operator requirement. The water supplier shall provide certified operators as follows: NR 810.04(4)(4) Transient non-community water systems are exempted from certified operator requirements. NR 810.04(5)(5) The department shall be notified within 30 days when the water supplier has employed a new operator-in-charge for each subclass. The operator’s name, contact information, and certification number shall be sent to the department after being hired. NR 810.04 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 810.05NR 810.05 Required sampling and testing. The water supplier shall be responsible for sampling, testing and reporting treatment plant and distribution system water quality information to the department, in accordance with the applicable requirements of this chapter and chs. NR 108, 140, 149, 809, and 811. The department may require the installation of sample hydrants if sufficient, representative sample locations are not reasonably accessible in the distribution system. NR 810.05 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 810.06NR 810.06 Operational sampling. Sampling and testing, in addition to the required sampling and testing required in s. NR 810.05, shall be performed by the water supplier as required by the department in writing. The department may require additional sampling and testing when necessary to verify water quantity and quality, treatment plant effectiveness, adequate distribution system operation, and to protect water consumers. NR 810.06 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 810.07(1)(1) Water suppliers for the following public water systems shall submit monthly reports in a form or format as required by the department to the appropriate regional office of the department: NR 810.07(1)(b)(b) Other-than-municipal water systems which have chemical or physical treatment. NR 810.07(1)(c)(c) Any public water system with a pumping capacity of 70 gpm or more. NR 810.07(1)(d)(d) Any other public water system as required by the department. NR 810.07(2)(2) Reports shall include all the following data, if applicable: NR 810.07(2)(d)(d) Results of chemical, physical, or other tests performed for plant control. NR 810.07(2)(e)(e) Calculated theoretical daily residuals and residual test results. NR 810.07(2)(f)(f) Groundwater depth measurements, static and pumping, at least weekly where applicable. NR 810.07(2)(g)(g) Totals and averages of the above where spaces are provided on the report form. NR 810.07(3)(3) For other-than-municipal and non-community water systems, the frequency of pumpage and chemical treatment data collection may be reduced by approval of the department in writing, but for those water systems with chemical treatment, in no case shall it be less than twice per week. Reduced frequency shall only be considered in cases where treatment is not required to meet primary drinking water standards for coliform bacteria, fecal coliform, Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, viruses, nitrate, nitrite, chlorate, or chlorite. NR 810.07(4)(4) Computer generated forms developed by the water supplier are acceptable if, at a minimum, all the required data are submitted on the form, and if the form of the report receives the approval of the department prior to use. Electronic submittal of the reporting forms shall be allowed if done in a form and format approved by the department. NR 810.07(5)(5) Monthly reports for municipal water systems shall be signed by the operator-in-charge or an operator certified in the applicable treatment process employed by the water supplier. At other-than-municipal and non-transient non-community water systems, reports shall be signed by the small system certified operator. NR 810.07 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 810.08NR 810.08 Drinking water standards. Where practical, the quality of the raw water source shall meet the primary maximum contaminant levels of ch. NR 809 and other applicable requirements of ch. NR 809 and this chapter without treatment. In all cases, the quality of finished water supplied to consumers by public water systems shall meet the primary drinking water standards contained in ch. NR 809. NR 810.08 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 810.09NR 810.09 General treatment and disinfection requirements. Department approved treatment shall be provided and operated by each water supplier where necessary in order to ensure that the finished water supplied to consumers meets the primary maximum contaminant levels contained in ch. NR 809 and the design standards contained in ch. NR 811, where applicable. In addition, all of the following requirements shall be met: NR 810.09(1)(a)(a) All existing and new municipal water systems and all other-than-municipal water systems constructed or modified after December 1, 2010, shall be provided with equipment and the necessary appurtenances which can continuously disinfect the water. The department may require the installation of disinfection equipment at existing other-than-municipal water systems where deemed necessary to ensure a safe water supply. Standby disinfection equipment shall be periodically checked and repaired, if necessary, to ensure it will work when it is required. NR 810.09(1)(b)(b) All surface water treatment plants and other waterworks where treatment is required to produce a water quality meeting the primary maximum contaminant levels shall be equipped with backup chemical feed equipment for all chemicals required for treatment in the event of failure of the primary equipment. NR 810.09(1)(c)(c) Written approval from the department is required prior to the addition of any chemical to a community water system. Non-community water systems shall refer to s. NR 812.37 for plan approval requirements for chemical feed systems. At public water systems that treat continuously, a 30-day supply of chemicals shall be kept on hand as required by s. NR 108.06 (3). The 30-day supply shall be based on average day demand and average dose. Chemicals shall meet current A.W.W.A. standards and be approved by the department. Department approval may consist of, but is not limited to, certification of the chemical for use in potable water under NSF/ANSI Standard 60. Those chemical suppliers relabeling or repackaging NSF/ANSI 60 certified chemicals shall also be certified. Laboratories evaluating products for compliance with NSF/ANSI Standard 60 shall be certified by the American National Standards Institute. Colored chemicals shall be approved if coloring agents are not used in toxic concentrations or in amounts which impart taste, odor or color to the water supply. The department may require the analysis of chemicals if necessary to insure use of safe chemicals. NR 810.09 NoteNote: Copies of these standards are available for inspection at the office of the Department of Natural Resources and the Legislative Reference Bureau.
NR 810.09 NoteNote: The Department of Safety and Professional Services requires plan submittal and approval of all treatment systems installed to service non-community water systems and designed to reduce health-related contaminants. For more information, see s. SPS 382.20. NR 810.09(1)(d)(d) Chemical containers shall be labeled to include the chemical name, purity, concentration, and name and address of the chemical supplier. NR 810.09(1)(e)(e) Requests for the substitution of disinfection agents in lieu of chlorine for bacteriological control shall be submitted to the department for review. Substitute disinfection agents may not be used without specific approval by the department. NR 810.09(1)(f)(f) Solution tanks shall be maintained in a sanitary condition. NR 810.09(1)(g)(g) The department may require an assay of chemicals delivered. NR 810.09(1)(h)(h) A material safety data sheet (MSDS) shall be obtained by the water supplier from the chemical supplier for every chemical. NR 810.09(2)(2) Disinfection of water from groundwater sources. NR 810.09(2)(a)(a) All municipal water systems shall provide continuous disinfection of the water prior to entry to the distribution system within 36 months of December 1, 2010. For systems that provide disinfection by chlorination, chloramination, or chlorine dioxide, a detectable residual shall be provided throughout the distribution system. NR 810.09 NoteNote: It is recommended that all community water systems provide a detectable disinfectant residual throughout the distribution system.(b) When disinfection of water drawn from a groundwater source is required in order to meet the MCL for total coliform or E. coli contained in ch. NR 809 to maintain bacteriologically safe water, the residual maintained in the distribution system and the residual monitoring shall be as required in ss. NR 809.74 (2) and NR 811.43 (2). Additional disinfection requirements including disinfectant contact time or compliance with the disinfection requirements of s. NR 810.31 (1) may be required by the department on a case-by-case basis. The following conditions, as well as other conditions, are considered by the department to be existing or potential water system public health threats: NR 810.09 Note1. A public water system history of microbiological contamination in the water source or distribution system by either coliform or noncoliform bacteria.
NR 810.09 Note2. The presence of color in raw water from a well serving a public water system.
NR 810.09 Note3. Inadequate construction, including construction which does not meet current requirements of ch. NR 811 or 812, of a well which serves a public water system. NR 810.09(3)(3) Disinfection of water from surface water and groundwater under the direct influence of surface water sources. NR 810.09(3)(a)(a) For free chlorine, the concentration in the water entering the distribution system of any public water system, primary or consecutive, served by treated surface water shall be at least 0.2 mg/1 at the entry point to the distribution system and detectable throughout the distribution system. For total combined chlorine, the concentration in the water entering the distribution system of any public water system served by treated surface water shall be at least 1.0 mg/l at the entry point to the distribution system and detectable throughout the distribution system. Residual monitoring of the water entering the distribution system shall be provided as required in s. NR 809.74 (2). NR 810.09(4)(a)(a) After construction, maintenance, repair or modification, waterworks facilities shall be disinfected by procedures outlined in the following A.W.W.A. Standards: A100 (August 1, 2006) for wells, C651 (June 1, 2005) for water mains, C652 (August 1, 2002) for water storage facilities, C653 (June 1, 2003) for water treatment plants or C654 (November 1, 2003) for wells. In addition, waterworks may not be placed in service until bacteriological samples have established that the water is safe for consumption in accordance with par. (b). NR 810.09 NoteNote: Copies of these standards are available for inspection at the office of the Department of Natural Resources and the Legislative Reference Bureau, and may be obtained for personal use from the American Water Works Association, 6666 West Quincy Ave., Denver, Colorado, 80235.
NR 810.09(4)(b)(b) At least one bacteriologically safe sample shall be obtained before waterworks are placed into service. In the case of new or reconstructed wells, a minimum of 2 bacteriological safe samples, taken at least 8 hours apart during the test pumping period, or on 2 separate days, shall be obtained. When new distribution systems or extensions on a number of streets are installed, bacteriological samples shall be taken at representative locations to establish that all of the improvements are free of contamination. When water main breaks are repaired in public water systems that do not maintain a detectable chlorine residual, a bacteriological sample shall be taken in the area of the break within one working day. The main may be returned to service prior to receiving the results provided that the main has been disinfected and flushed. The water supplier shall comply with s. NR 809.31 when system sampling indicates the presence of coliform organisms. For water storage facilities, 2 or more successive safe samples, taken at 24-hour intervals, shall be obtained which indicate bacteriologically safe water or one safe sample shall be obtained only if a free chlorine residual of at least 0.1 mg/l is remaining when the results of the safe sample are reported. NR 810.09(5)(5) Indirect additives. Written approval from the department is required prior to the use of any indirect chemical or material that may affect the quality of the water supply due to immersion or incidental contact in the water system. Department approval shall include certification of the chemical or material for use in potable water under NSF/ANSI Standard 61. Laboratories evaluating products for compliance with NSF/ANSI Standard 61 shall be certified by the American National Standards Institute. Written department approval is not required where existing equipment is being replaced with similar equipment during maintenance or repair provided that the water supplier can document that the equipment used meets the approval requirements of this section. NR 810.09 NoteNote: Examples of indirect additives include process media, protective materials such as liners, paints and coatings, sealants, gaskets, fittings and lubricants.
NR 810.09 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 810.10NR 810.10 Distribution system normal pressure. For community water systems, the system pumps, the distribution system and related storage facilities shall be operated to maintain a minimum of 35 pounds per square inch and a maximum of 100 pounds per square inch at ground level above the water main at all locations in the distribution system under normal operating conditions. Normal operating conditions include the peak hour demand on the maximum day. Where the storage or primary pumping facilities cannot provide a minimum static pressure of 35 psi throughout the distribution system at street elevation it shall be necessary to create a boosted pressure zone to serve those portions of the system. The use of pressure boosting systems on individual service lines shall be limited to a maximum of 10 individual systems in any given service area. The individual pressure boosting systems shall be owned and maintained by the public water system owner. The department may require pressure testing to determine whether adequate pressures are available. In situations where static pressures exceed 100 psi, pressure reducing devices may be required on mains in distribution systems having documented system deficiencies or problems due to high pressure such as main breaks and service line breaks. NR 810.10 NoteNote: Section SPS 382.40 (7) (d) 2. a. requires a pressure reducing device to be installed to protect individual services when the incoming pressure exceeds 80 psig. NR 810.10 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 810.11NR 810.11 Distribution system fire flow pressure. Community water systems with fire protection shall be operated so that under fire flow conditions the residual pressure in the distribution system is not less than 20 pounds per square inch at ground level. Water suppliers shall maintain current flow studies showing the fire flow capability of the system. Fire pumpers may not be connected to fire hydrants if 20 psi cannot be maintained in the system during operation of the pumpers. In addition, the public water system owner shall notify the fire chief in writing of the location of all fire hydrants that cannot be used by fire pumpers and color code or tag the affected hydrants. The department may require pressure and flow testing to determine whether adequate flows and pressures are available. NR 810.11 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 810.12NR 810.12 Distribution system loss of pressure. The water supplier for community water systems shall be responsible for taking corrective action when positive distribution system pressure is lost in an area affecting 25% or more of the overall distribution system or in an entire pressure zone. In addition to restoring system pressure, the water supplier shall perform all of the following: NR 810.12(1)(1) Notify the appropriate regional office of the department as soon as possible, but no later than one working day after the loss of pressure, as to the extent of the problem, cause and corrective actions taken. NR 810.12(2)(2) Start emergency disinfection of the water supply if the water system is not already continuously disinfected. At a minimum, the free chlorine residual shall be 0.2 mg/l at the entry point to the distribution system and detectable throughout the distribution system or the total combined chlorine residual shall be 1.0 mg/l at the entry point and detectable throughout the distribution system. If loss of pressure was limited to one pressure zone, the above disinfection requirements may be restricted to target the affected pressure zone. Higher disinfectant residuals may be required by the department if deemed necessary to ensure a safe water supply. Water mains and storage facilities in the area that lost pressure shall be flushed to remove contaminated water and to quickly establish an adequate disinfectant residual. Emergency disinfection shall be maintained until approval is obtained from the department to cease. NR 810.12(3)(3) Collect distribution system water samples for bacteriological analyses from the pressure loss area as soon as adequate pressure is returned to the water system. The number of samples collected shall increase as the extent of problem areas increases, but in no case may less than 2 samples be collected. The department shall be contacted to determine the number of samples and sampling locations. The water supplier shall comply with s. NR 809.31 when water system sampling indicates the presence of coliform organisms.
