Chapter NR 810

NR 810.45   Additional filtration toolbox components.

Subchapter IV — Inactivation Toolbox Components and CT Tables

NR 810.46   Inactivation toolbox components.

NR 810.47   CT table for giardia when using free chlorine at 0.5nC or lower.

NR 810.48   CT table for giardia when using free chlorine at 5nC.

NR 810.49   CT table for giardia when using free chlorine at 10nC.

NR 810.50   CT table for giardia when using free chlorine at 15nC.

NR 810.51   CT table for giardia when using free chlorine at 20nC.

NR 810.52   CT table for giardia when using free chlorine at 25nC.

NR 810.53   CT table for viruses when using free chlorine.

NR 810.54   CT table for Giardia lamblia when using chlorine dioxide.

NR 810.55   CT table for viruses when using chlorine dioxide.

NR 810.56   CT table for Cryptosporidium when using chlorine dioxide.

NR 810.57   CT table for Giardia lamblia when using chloramines.

NR 810.58   CT table for viruses when using chloramines.

NR 810.59   CT table for Giardia lamblia when using ozone.

NR 810.60   CT table for viruses when using ozone.

NR 810.61   CT table for Cryptosporidium when using ozone.

NR 810.62   UV dose table for Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, and viruses.

NR 810.01 NR 810.01 Applicability. This chapter governs the general operation and maintenance of all public water systems, unless noted otherwise within each section. This chapter shall apply to each public water system, unless the public water system meets all of the following conditions:

NR 810.01(1) (1) Consists only of distribution and storage facilities, and does not have any collection or treatment facilities.

NR 810.01(2) (2) Obtains all of its water from, but is not owned or operated by, a public water system to which such regulations apply.

NR 810.01(3) (3) Does not sell water to any person.

NR 810.01(4) (4) Is not a carrier which conveys passengers in interstate commerce.

NR 810.01 Note Note: The authority to promulgate and enforce these rules is contained in chs. 280 and 281, Stats. Pursuant to s. 299.97, Stats., any person who violates this chapter shall forfeit not less than $10 nor more than $5,000 for each violation. Each day of continued violation is a separate offense.

NR 810.01 History History: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10.

NR 810.015 NR 810.015 Alternative requirements.

NR 810.015(1) (1) If the owner of a water system determines that compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements of this chapter is impracticable, the owner may submit in writing to the department a request to use alternative criteria. This request shall contain the reasons that compliance with the operation and maintenance criteria is impracticable and alternative criteria for which department approval is sought and all pertinent facts, data, reports and studies supporting the proposed alternative.

NR 810.015(2) (2) If the department determines that compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements of this chapter would be impracticable in any specific case, or that an alternative proposed has additional benefits with adequate safeguards, it may approve alternative criteria which are in substantial compliance with the requirements of this chapter.

NR 810.015 History History: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10.

NR 810.02 NR 810.02 Definitions. In this chapter:

NR 810.02(1) (1) “A.N.S.I.” means the American National Standards Institute.

NR 810.02 Note Note: The ANSI address is 25 West 43rd St, New York, NY 10036.

NR 810.02(2) (2) “A.P.I.” means the American Petroleum Institute.

NR 810.02 Note Note: The API address is 1220 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070.

NR 810.02(3) (3) “Approval” means the written approval of the department for any project requiring approval pursuant to s. 281.41, Stats., and s. NR 108.03 for community systems, and s. NR 812.09 for non-community systems.

NR 810.02(4) (4) “ASTM” or “ASTM International” means the organization formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Material.

NR 810.02 Note Note: The ASTM or ASTM International address is 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19148-2959.

NR 810.02(5) (5) “A.W.W.A.” means the American Water Works Association.

NR 810.02 Note Note: The AWWA address is 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235.

NR 810.02(6) (6) “Community water system” means a public water system which serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents. Any water system serving 7 or more homes, 10 or more mobile homes, 10 or more apartment units, 10 or more duplex units, or 10 or more condominium units shall be considered a community water system unless information is provided by the owners indicating that 25 year-round residents will not be served.

NR 810.02(7) (7) “Consecutive system” means a public water system that receives some or all of its finished water from one or more wholesale suppliers or wholesaler systems through a master metering system. This system may also be known as a wholesale purchaser or wholesale customer. Delivery may be through a direct connection or through the distribution system of one or more consecutive systems.

NR 810.02(8) (8) “Conventional filtration treatment” means a series of processes including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration resulting in substantial particulate removal.

NR 810.02(9) (9) “Cross connection” means a connection or potential connection between any part of a water supply system and another environment containing substances in a manner that, under any circumstances, would allow the substances to enter the water supply system by means of back siphonage or back pressure.

NR 810.02(10) (10) “CT” or “CT calc” is the product of the residual disinfectant concentration (C) in mg/l determined before or at the first customer, and the corresponding disinfectant contact time (T) in minutes, for example, “C” x “T”. If a public water system applies disinfectants at more than one point prior to the first customer, the water supplier shall determine the CT of each disinfectant sequence before or at the first customer, to determine the total percent inactivation or “total inactivation ratio.” The inactivation ratio for a single disinfectant sequence is:

where “CTtable” is the CT value required for the target organism and the target level of inactivation as contained in ss. NR 810.47 to 810.61. The sum of the inactivation ratios, or total inactivation ratio for a series of disinfection sequences is:

and is calculated by adding together the inactivation ratio for each disinfection sequence. In determining the total inactivation ratio, the water supplier shall determine the residual disinfectant concentration of each sequence and corresponding contact time before any subsequent disinfection application points. A total inactivation ratio equal to or greater than 1.0 is assumed to provide the target level of disinfection of the target organism.

NR 810.02(11) (11) “Department” means the department of natural resources.

NR 810.02(12) (12) “Diatomaceous earth filtration” means a process resulting in substantial particulate removal in which all of the following occurs:

NR 810.02(12)(a) (a) A precoat cake of diatomaceous earth filter media is deposited on a support membrane or septum.

NR 810.02(12)(b) (b) While the water is filtered by passing through the cake on the septum, additional filter media known as body feed is continuously added to the feed water to maintain the permeability of the filter cake.

NR 810.02(13) (13) “Direct filtration” means a series of processes including coagulation and filtration but excluding sedimentation resulting in substantial particulate removal.

NR 810.02(14) (14) “Disinfectant contact time” (“T” in CT calculations) means the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the point of disinfectant application or the previous point of disinfectant residual measurement to a point before or at the point where residual disinfectant concentration (“C”) is measured.

NR 810.02(14)(a) (a) Where only one “C” is measured, “T” is the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the point of disinfectant application to a point before or where residual disinfectant concentration (“C”) is measured.

NR 810.02(14)(b) (b) Where more than one “C” is measured, “T” is determined as follows:

NR 810.02(14)(b)1. 1. For the first measurement of “C”, “T” is the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the first or only point of disinfectant application to a point before or at the point where the first “C” is measured.

NR 810.02(14)(b)2. 2. For subsequent measurements of “C”, “T” is the time in minutes that it takes for water to move from the previous “C” measurement point to the “C” measurement point for which the particular “T” is being calculated.

NR 810.02(14)(c) (c) Disinfectant contact time in pipelines shall be calculated based on “plug flow” by dividing the internal volume of the pipe by the maximum hourly flow rate through the pipe.

NR 810.02(14)(d) (d) Disinfectant contact time within mixing basins and storage reservoirs shall be determined by tracer studies or other department approved equivalent demonstration.

NR 810.02(15) (15) “Disinfection” means a process which inactivates pathogenic organisms in water by chemical oxidants or equivalent agents.

NR 810.02(16) (16) “Disinfection profile” means a summary of daily Giardia lamblia inactivation through the treatment plant. The procedure for developing a disinfection profile is contained in s. NR 810.32.

NR 810.02(17) (17) “Displacement zone” means the 3-dimensional subsurface region surrounding an aquifer storage recovery well into which treated drinking water is placed for storage and later recovery.

NR 810.02(18) (18) “Distribution system” means all pipes or conduits by which water is delivered to consumers except piping and fixtures inside buildings served, water services and private water mains as defined in ch. SPS 381.

NR 810.02(19) (19) “Entry point” means a location in the water system after treatment or chemical addition, if any, but prior to the distribution system.

NR 810.02(20) (20) “Filtered system” means a public water system that is required to use filtration to meet the basic filtration requirements of s. NR 810.29.

NR 810.02(21) (21) “Filter profile” means a graphical representation of individual filter performance, based on continuous turbidity measurements or total particle counts versus time for an entire filter run, from startup to backwash inclusively, that includes an assessment of filter performance while another filter is being backwashed.

NR 810.02(22) (22) “Filtration” means a process for removing particulate matter from water by passage through porous media.

NR 810.02(23) (23) “Groundwater” means any of the waters of the state, as defined in s. 281.01 (18), Stats., occurring in a saturated subsurface geological formation of rock or soil.

NR 810.02(24) (24) “Groundwater source” means all groundwater obtained from horizontal collectors, infiltration lines, springs, and dug, drilled or other types of wells.

NR 810.02(25) (25) “Groundwater under the direct influence of surface water” or “GWUDI” means any water beneath the surface of the ground with either:

NR 810.02(25)(a) (a) Occurrence of insects or other macroorganisms, algae or large diameter pathogens such as Giardia lamblia or Cryptosporidium, in greater than or equal to 10% of representative source water samples collected over a period of 6 months, immediately prior to the first or only point of disinfectant application.

NR 810.02(25)(b) (b) Evidence of relatively rapid shifts in water characteristics such as turbidity, temperature, conductivity, or pH which closely correlate to climatological or surface water conditions where the department determines that these shifts are indications of the potential for contamination of the groundwater by the organisms identified in par. (a).

NR 810.02(26) (26) “Living unit” means a residence, apartment unit, condominium unit, duplex unit, manufactured home or other domicile.

NR 810.02(27) (27) “Membrane filtration” means a pressure or vacuum driven separation process in which particulate matter larger than one micrometer is rejected by an engineered barrier, primarily through a size-exclusion mechanism, and which has a measurable removal efficiency of a target organism that can be verified through the application of a direct integrity test. This definition includes the common membrane technologies of microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis.

NR 810.02(28) (28) “Municipal water system” means a community water system owned by a city, village, county, town, town sanitary district, utility district, public inland lake and rehabilitation district, municipal water district or a federal, state, county or municipal owned institution for congregate care or correction, or a privately owned water utility serving the foregoing.

NR 810.02(29) (29) “Non-community water system” means a public water system that is not a community water system. A non-community water system may be either a non-transient non-community water system or a transient non-community water system.

NR 810.02(30) (30) “Non-transient non-community water system” or “NTNCWS” means a non-community water system that regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons over 6 months per year.

NR 810.02 Note Note: Examples of non-transient non-community water systems include those serving schools, day care centers and factories.

NR 810.02(31) (31) “NSF” or “NSF International” means the organization formerly known as the National Sanitation Foundation.

NR 810.02 Note Note: The NSF or NSF International address is PO Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48113-0140.

NR 810.02(32) (32) “Operator-in-charge” means the person designated by the owner of the waterworks to be in direct responsible charge of a subclass of operations of the waterworks. Not included in this definition are utility managers, city engineers, directors of public works or the equivalent, who are not actually involved in day-to-day operations.

NR 810.02(33) (33) “Other-than-municipal water system” or “OTM” means a community water system that is not a municipal water system.

NR 810.02(34) (34) “Person” means an individual, corporation, company, association, cooperative, trust, institution, partnership, state, municipality, or federal agency.

NR 810.02(35) (35) “Public water system” or “system” or “PWS” means a system for the provision to the public of piped water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances, if the system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year. A public water system is either a “community water system” or a “non-community water system”. A system:

NR 810.02(35)(a) (a) Includes any collection, treatment, storage and distribution facilities under the control of the operator of a system and used primarily in connection with the system.

NR 810.02(35)(b) (b) Includes any collection or pretreatment storage facilities not under the system’s control which are used primarily in connection with the system.