NR 809.565(2)(a)1.a.a. At least 25% of all samples collected each quarter at each treatment plant shall be at locations representing the maximum residence time in the public water system. NR 809.565(2)(a)1.b.b. The remaining samples shall be taken in the distribution system at locations representing at least average residence time in the public water system and representative of the entire distribution system, taking into account the number of people served, different sources of water and different treatment methods. NR 809.565(2)(a)2.2. Water suppliers for public water systems serving from 500 to 9,999 persons which are supplied by a surface water source or by a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water shall collect and have analyzed one water sample per quarter per treatment plant. The samples shall be collected at locations representing the maximum residence time of water in the public water system. NR 809.565(2)(a)3.3. Water suppliers for public water systems serving fewer than 500 people which are supplied by a surface water source or by a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water shall collect one sample per treatment plant annually. The samples shall be collected during the month with the warmest water temperature at locations representing the maximum residence time in the public water system. NR 809.565(2)(a)4.4. Water suppliers for public water systems using chemical disinfection, using only groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water, and serving at least 10,000 people shall collect one sample per treatment plant per quarter. The sample or samples shall be collected at the location representing the maximum residence time in the public water system. NR 809.565(2)(a)5.5. Water suppliers for public water systems using chemical disinfection, using only groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water, and serving fewer than 10,000 people shall collect one sample per treatment plant annually. The sample shall be collected during the month with the warmest water temperature, at locations representing the maximum residence time, in the public water system. NR 809.565(2)(b)(b) Monitoring after exceeding an MCL. If a sample or the average of samples, if more than one sample is taken, exceeds the MCL for TTHMs or HAA5 disinfection byproducts, the water supplier shall collect quarterly samples until the public water system meets the requirements of reduced monitoring in par. (c). NR 809.565(2)(c)(c) Reduced monitoring. Water suppliers may reduce monitoring for TTHMs and HAA5s as follows: NR 809.565(2)(c)1.1. Water suppliers for surface water systems or groundwater systems under the direct influence of surface water with an annual average of TTHM of < 0.040 mg/L and HAA5 =0.030 mg/L with an annual average TOC concentration of < 4.0 mg/L, before any treatment may reduce monitoring to the following: NR 809.565(2)(c)1.a.a. Water suppliers for a public water system serving at least 10,000 people may reduce monitoring to one sample per quarter per treatment plant so long as the sample is taken at a location representing maximum residence time in the public water system. NR 809.565(2)(c)1.b.b. Water suppliers for a public water system serving from 500 to 9,999 people may reduce monitoring to one sample per year per treatment plant so long as the sample is taken at a location representing maximum residence time in the public water system during the month of warmest water temperature. NR 809.565(2)(c)1.c.c. A water supplier for a public water system serving less than 500 people may not reduce monitoring to less than one sample during the month of warmest water temperature per treatment plant per year. NR 809.565(2)(c)2.2. A water supplier for a public water system using only groundwater not under the direct influence of surface water using chemical disinfection with an annual average of TTHM of < 0.040 mg/L and HAA5 < 0.030 mg/L may reduce sampling to the following: NR 809.565(2)(c)2.a.a. A water supplier for a public water system serving at least 10,000 people may reduce monitoring to one sample per year per treatment plant during the month of warmest water temperature at a location representing maximum residence time in the public water system. NR 809.565(2)(c)2.b.b. A water supplier for a public water system serving fewer than 10,000 people may reduce monitoring to one sample per treatment plant per 3 year monitoring cycle during the month of warmest water temperature at a location representing maximum residence time in the public water system. The reduced monitoring will begin on January 1 following the quarter in which the public water system first qualifies for reduced monitoring. NR 809.565(2)(c)2m.2m. To qualify for reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5 under this paragraph, water suppliers for surface water systems or groundwater systems under the direct influence of surface water not monitoring under the provisions of sub. (5) shall take monthly TOC samples every 30 days at a location prior to any treatment, beginning April 1, 2008, or earlier, if specified by the department. In addition to meeting other criteria for reduced monitoring in this paragraph, the source water TOC running annual average shall be =4.0 mg/L, based on the most recent four quarters of monitoring, on a continuing basis at each treatment plant to reduce or remain on reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5. Once qualified for reduced monitoring for TTHM and HAA5 under this paragraph, a system may reduce source water TOC monitoring to quarterly TOC samples taken every 90 days at a location prior to any treatment. NR 809.565(2)(c)3.3. Public water systems on a reduced monitoring schedule may remain on that reduced schedule as long as the average of all samples taken in the year, for public water systems which shall monitor quarterly, or the result of the sample, for public water systems which shall monitor no more frequently than annually, is no more than 0.060 mg/L and 0.045 mg/L for TTHMs and HAA5, respectively. A water supplier for a public water systems that do not meet these levels shall resume monitoring at the frequency identified in par. (a) in the quarter immediately following the quarter in which the public water system exceeds 0.060 mg/L and 0.045 mg/L for TTHMs and HAA5, respectively. NR 809.565(2)(d)(d) Return to routine monitoring. The department may return a public water system to routine monitoring at the department’s discretion. NR 809.565(3)(3) Monitoring frequency and location for chlorite and bromate. Water suppliers for public water systems shall monitor at the following frequency and locations for chlorite and bromate disinfection byproducts: NR 809.565(3)(a)(a) Chlorite. Water supplier for community and nontransient noncommunity water systems using chlorine dioxide, for disinfection or oxidation, shall conduct monitoring for chlorite as follows: NR 809.565(3)(a)1.1. ‘Routine daily monitoring.’ A water supplier for a public water system shall take daily samples at the entrance to the distribution system. For any daily sample that exceeds the chlorite MCL, the water supplier shall take additional samples in the distribution system the following day at the locations required by subd. 3. in addition to the sample required at the entrance to the distribution system. NR 809.565(3)(a)2.2. ‘Routine monthly monitoring.’ A water supplier shall take a 3-sample set each month in the distribution system. The water supplier shall take one sample at each of the following locations: near the first customer, at a location representative of average residence time, and at a location reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system. Any additional routine sampling shall be conducted in the same manner, as 3-sample sets, at the specified locations. The water supplier may use the results of additional monitoring conducted under subd. 3. to meet the requirement for monitoring in this subdivision. NR 809.565(3)(a)3.3. ‘Additional monitoring.’ On each day following a routine sample monitoring result that exceeds the chlorite MCL at the entrance to the distribution system, the water supplier shall take 3 chlorite distribution system samples at the following locations: as close to the first customer as possible, in a location representative of average residence time, and as close to the end of the distribution system as possible, reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system. NR 809.565(3)(a)4.4. ‘Reduced monitoring.’ Chlorite monitoring at the entrance to the distribution system required under subd. 1. may not be reduced. Chlorite monitoring in the distribution system required under subd. 2 may be reduced to one 3-sample set per quarter after one year of monitoring where no individual chlorite sample taken in the distribution system under subd. 2. has exceeded the chlorite MCL and the public water system has not been required to conduct monitoring under subd. 3. The public water system may remain on the reduced monitoring schedule until either any of the 3 individual chlorite samples taken quarterly in the distribution system under subd. 2. exceeds the chlorite MCL or the water supplier is required to conduct monitoring under subd. 3., at which time the public water system shall revert to routine monitoring. NR 809.565(3)(b)1.1. ‘Routine monitoring.’ Water suppliers for community and nontransient noncommunity systems using ozone, for disinfection or oxidation, shall take one sample per month for each treatment plant in the public water system using ozone. Water suppliers shall take samples monthly at the entrance to the distribution system while the ozonation treatment system is operating under normal conditions. NR 809.565(3)(b)2.2. ‘Reduced monitoring.’ Water suppliers for public water systems may reduce monitoring for bromate from monthly to once per quarter, if the water supplier demonstrates that the public water system’s running annual average concentration for bromate is =0.0025 mg/L based on monthly bromate measurements under par. (b) for the most recent four quarters. Samples shall be analyzed using Method 317.0 Revision 2.0, 326.0 or 321.8. If the running annual average bromate concentration is >0.0025 mg/L, the system must resume routine monitoring required by par. (b). NR 809.565(4)(4) Monitoring frequency and location for disinfectant residuals. Water suppliers for systems shall monitor at the following frequency and locations for disinfectant residuals: NR 809.565(4)(a)(a) Chlorine and chloramines. Water suppliers for public water systems shall perform routine monitoring by measuring the residual disinfectant level at the same points in the distribution system and at the same time as total coliforms are sampled, as specified in s. NR 809.31. The department may allow suppliers for surface water systems to take disinfectant residual samples at points other than the total coliform sampling points if the department determines that such points are more representative of disinfected water quality within the distribution system. Water suppliers for surface water systems may use the results of residual disinfectant concentration sampling conducted under s. NR 810.38 (1) (h) for unfiltered systems or s. NR 810.38 (2) (d) for public water systems that filter, in lieu of taking separate samples. Monitoring may not be reduced. NR 809.565(4)(b)1.1. ‘Routine monitoring.’ Water suppliers for community, nontransient noncommunity, and transient noncommunity water systems that use chlorine dioxide for disinfection or oxidation shall take daily samples at the entrance to the distribution system. For any daily sample that exceeds the MRDL, the water supplier shall take samples in the distribution system the following day at the locations required by subd. 2., in addition to the sample required at the entrance to the distribution system. NR 809.565(4)(b)2.2. ‘Additional monitoring.’ On each day following a routine sample monitoring result that exceeds the MRDL, the water supplier shall take 3 chlorine dioxide distribution system samples. If chlorine dioxide or chloramines are used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system, or if chlorine is used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there are no disinfection addition points after the entrance to the distribution system, i.e., no booster chlorination, the water supplier shall take 3 samples as close to the first customer as possible, at intervals of at least 6 hours. If chlorine is used to maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system and there are one or more disinfection addition points after the entrance to the distribution system, i.e., booster chlorination, the water supplier shall take one sample at each of the following locations: as close to the first customer as possible, in a location representative of average residence time, and as close to the end of the distribution system as possible, reflecting maximum residence time in the distribution system. NR 809.565(4)(b)3.3. ‘Reduced monitoring.’ Chlorine dioxide monitoring may not be reduced. NR 809.565(5)(5) Monitoring frequency and location for disinfectant byproduct precursors. Water suppliers for public water systems shall monitor at the following frequency and locations for disinfection byproduct precursors (DBPP): NR 809.565(5)(a)1.1. Water suppliers for public water systems which use conventional filtration treatment and are supplied by a surface water source or by a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water shall monitor each treatment plant monthly for TOC no later than the point of combined filter effluent turbidity monitoring and representative of the treated water. NR 809.565(5)(a)2.2. All water suppliers for public water systems required to monitor under subd. 1. shall also monitor for TOC in the source water prior to any treatment at the same time as monitoring for TOC in the treated water. NR 809.565 NoteNote: These samples, source water and treated water, are referred to as paired samples.
NR 809.565(5)(a)3.3. At the same time as the source water sample is taken, all water suppliers shall monitor for alkalinity in the source water prior to any treatment. Water suppliers shall take one paired sample and one source water alkalinity sample per month per plant at a time representative of normal operating conditions and influent water quality. NR 809.565(5)(b)(b) Reduced monitoring. Water suppliers for public water systems which use conventional filtration treatment and are supplied by a surface water source or by a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water and which have an average treated water TOC of less than 2.0 mg/L for 2 consecutive years, or less than 1.0 mg/L for one year, may reduce monitoring for both TOC and alkalinity to one paired sample and one source water alkalinity sample per plant per quarter. The water supplier shall revert to routine monitoring in the month following the quarter when the annual average treated water TOC >2.0 mg/L for the public water system. NR 809.565(6)(6) Monitoring plans. Each water supplier for a public water system required to monitor under this subchapter shall develop and implement a monitoring plan, and shall maintain the plan and make it available for inspection by the department and the general public no later than 30 days following the applicable compliance dates in s. NR 809.562 (2). NR 809.565(6)(a)(a) Water suppliers for public water systems which are supplied by a surface water source or by a groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water and which serve more than 3,300 people shall submit a copy of the monitoring plan to the department no later than the date of the first report required under s. NR 809.567. The department may also require water suppliers for any other public water system to submit a monitoring plan. After review, the department may require changes in any plan elements. NR 809.565(6)(b)1.1. Specific locations and schedules for collecting samples for any parameters included in this subchapter. NR 809.565(6)(b)2.2. How the water supplier will calculate compliance with MCLs, MRDLs and treatment techniques. NR 809.565(6)(b)3.3. If approved for monitoring as a consecutive system, or if providing water to a consecutive system, under s. NR 809.77, the sampling plan shall reflect the entire distribution system. NR 809.565 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10; CR 14-049: cr. (2) (c) 2m., r. (3) (b) 2., renum. (3) (b) 3. to (3) (b) 2. and am., am. (4) (a) Register March 2016 No. 723, eff. 4-1-16. NR 809.566NR 809.566 Compliance requirements for disinfection byproducts and disinfection residuals Stage 1 DBP. NR 809.566(1)(1) General requirements. The general requirements for compliance with this subchapter are as follows: NR 809.566(1)(a)(a) If compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or quarterly samples or an annual average and the water supplier for a public water system fails to monitor for TTHM, HAA5 or bromate, this failure to monitor shall be treated as a monitoring violation for the entire period covered by the annual average. NR 809.566(1)(b)(b) If compliance is based on a running annual average of monthly or quarterly samples or averages and the water supplier’s failure to monitor the public water system makes it impossible to determine compliance with MRDLs for chlorine and chloramines, failure to monitor shall be treated as a monitoring violation for the entire period covered by the annual average. NR 809.566(1)(c)(c) All samples taken and analyzed under the provisions of this subchapter shall be included in determining compliance, even if that number is greater than the minimum required. NR 809.566(1)(d)(d) If, during the first year of monitoring under s. NR 809.565, any individual quarter’s average will cause the running annual average of that public water system to exceed the MCL, the public water system is out of compliance at the end of that quarter. NR 809.566(2)(2) Compliance requirements for disinfection byproducts. NR 809.566(2)(a)(a) TTHMs and HAA5s. Compliance for TTHMs and HAA5s shall be based one of the following: NR 809.566(2)(a)1.1. For public water systems monitored quarterly, compliance with MCLs in s. NR 809.561 (3) shall be based on a running annual arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of quarterly arithmetic averages of all samples collected by the water supplier as prescribed by s. NR 809.565 (2). If the running annual arithmetic average of quarterly averages covering any consecutive 4-quarter period exceeds the MCL, the public water system is in violation of the MCL and the water supplier shall notify the public pursuant to subch. VII, in addition to reporting to the department pursuant to s. NR 809.567. If the water supplier for a public water system fails to complete 4 consecutive quarters of monitoring, compliance with the MCL for the last 4-quarter compliance period shall be based on an average of the available data. NR 809.566(2)(a)2.2. For public water systems monitored less frequently than quarterly, compliance with MCLs in s. NR 809.561 (3) shall be based on an average of samples taken that year under the provisions of s. NR 809.565 (2). If the average of these samples exceeds the MCL, the water supplier shall increase monitoring to once per quarter per treatment plant and the public water system is not in violation of the MCL until it has completed one year of quarterly monitoring, unless the result of fewer than 4 quarters of monitoring will cause the running annual average to exceed the MCL, in which case the public water system is in violation at the end of that quarter. Water supplier for public water systems required to increase monitoring frequency to quarterly monitoring shall calculate compliance by including the sample which triggered the increased monitoring plus the following 3 quarters of monitoring. NR 809.566(2)(a)3.3. If the running annual arithmetic average of quarterly averages covering any consecutive 4-quarter period exceeds the MCL, the public water system is in violation of the MCL and the water supplier shall notify the public pursuant to subch. VII, in addition to reporting to the department pursuant to s. NR 809.567. NR 809.566(2)(b)(b) Bromate. Compliance for bromate shall be based on a running annual arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of monthly samples or, for months in which the water supplier for the public water system takes more than one sample, the average of all samples taken during the month, collected by the water supplier as prescribed by s. NR 809.565 (3) (b). If the average of samples covering any consecutive 4-quarter period exceeds the MCL, the public water system is in violation of the MCL and the water supplier shall notify the public pursuant to subch. VII, in addition to reporting to the department pursuant to s. NR 809.567. If the water supplier for a public water system fails to complete 12 consecutive months of monitoring, compliance with the MCL for the last 4-quarter compliance period shall be based on an average of the available data. NR 809.566(2)(c)(c) Chlorite. Compliance for chlorite shall be based on an arithmetic average of each 3-sample set taken in the distribution system as prescribed by s. NR 809.565 (3) (a) 2. and 3. If the arithmetic average of any 3-sample set exceeds the MCL, the public water system is in violation of the MCL and the water supplier shall notify the public pursuant to subch. VII, in addition to reporting to the department pursuant to s. NR 809.567. NR 809.566(3)(3) Compliance requirements for disinfectant residuals. NR 809.566(3)(a)1.1. Compliance shall be based on a running annual arithmetic average, computed quarterly, of monthly averages of all samples collected by the water supplier for a public water system under s. NR 809.565 (4) (a). If the average of quarterly averages covering any consecutive 4-quarter period exceeds the MRDL, the public water system is in violation of the MRDL and the water supplier shall notify the public pursuant to subch. VII, in addition to reporting to the department pursuant to s. NR 809.567. NR 809.566(3)(a)2.2. In cases where chlorine and chloramines are used for residual disinfection during the year, compliance shall be determined by including together all monitoring results of both chlorine and chloramines in calculating compliance. Reports submitted pursuant to s. NR 809.567 shall clearly indicate which residual disinfectant was analyzed for each sample. NR 809.566(3)(b)1.1. A public water system has an acute violation of the MRDL for chlorine dioxide when any daily sample taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceeds the MRDL and on the following day one or more of the 3 samples taken in the distribution system exceeds the MRDL. If both exceedances occur, the public water system is in violation of the MRDL and the water supplier shall take immediate corrective action to lower the level of chlorine dioxide below the MRDL and shall notify the public pursuant to the procedures for acute health risks in s. NR 809.951. Failure to take samples in the distribution system the day following an exceedance of the chlorine dioxide MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system shall also be considered an MRDL violation and the water supplier shall notify the public of the violation in accordance with the provisions for acute violations under s. NR 809.951. NR 809.566(3)(b)2.2. A public water system has a nonacute violation for chlorine dioxide when any 2 consecutive daily samples taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceed the MRDL and all distribution system samples taken are below the MRDL. A water supplier for a public water system with a nonacute violation shall take corrective action to lower the level of chlorine dioxide below the MRDL at the point of sampling and shall notify the public pursuant to the procedures for nonacute health risks in subch. VII. Failure to monitor at the entrance to the distribution system the day following an exceedance of the chlorine dioxide MRDL at the entrance to the distribution system is also an MRDL violation and the water supplier shall notify the public of the violation in accordance with the provisions for nonacute violations under subch. VII. NR 809.566(4)(4) Compliance requirements for Disinfection byproduct precursors (DBPP). Compliance with disinfection byproduct precursors shall be determined as specified in s. NR 809.569 (1). Water suppliers for public water systems may begin monitoring to determine whether Step 1 TOC removals can be met 12 months prior to the compliance date for the public water system. This monitoring is not required and failure to monitor during this period is not a violation. However, any water supplier that does not monitor during this period, and then determines in the first 12 months after the compliance date that it is not able to meet the Step 1 requirements in s. NR 809.569 (1) (b) and therefore applies for alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2) requirements, is not eligible for retroactive approval of alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2) requirements as allowed pursuant to s. NR 809.569 (1) (c) and is in violation. Water supplier may apply for alternate minimum TOC removal (Step 2) requirements any time after the compliance date. For public water systems required to meet Step 1 TOC removals, if the value calculated under s. NR 809.569 (3) (a) or (b) is less than 1.00, the public water system is in violation of the treatment technique requirements and the water supplier shall notify the public pursuant to subch. VII in addition to reporting to the department pursuant to s. NR 809.567. NR 809.566 HistoryHistory: CR 09-073: cr. Register November 2010 No. 659, eff. 12-1-10. NR 809.567NR 809.567 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for disinfection byproducts and disinfection residuals for Stage 1 DBP. NR 809.567(1)(1) Reporting requirements. Water suppliers for public water systems required to be sampled quarterly or more frequently shall report to the department within 10 days after the end of each quarter in which samples were collected, notwithstanding the provisions of s. NR 809.563. Water suppliers for public water systems required to be sampled less frequently than quarterly shall report to the department within 10 days after the end of each monitoring period in which samples were collected. NR 809.567(2)(2) Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for Disinfection byproducts. Water suppliers for public water systems monitored for disinfection byproducts shall report the information specified in the following requirements: NR 809.567(2)(a)(a) Water supplier for public water systems monitored for TTHM and HAA5 under the requirements of s. NR 809.565 (2) on a quarterly or more frequent basis shall report all of the following: NR 809.567(2)(a)2.2. The location, date and result of each sample taken during the last quarter. NR 809.567(2)(a)4.4. The annual arithmetic average of the quarterly arithmetic averages for the last 4 quarters. NR 809.567(2)(b)(b) Water supplier for public water systems monitored for TTHMs and HAA5s under the requirements of s. NR 809.565 (2) less frequently than quarterly but at least annually shall report all of the following: NR 809.567(2)(b)2.2. The location, date and result of each sample taken during the last quarter. NR 809.567(2)(c)(c) Water supplier for public water systems monitored for TTHMs and HAA5s under the requirements of s. NR 809.565 (2) less frequently than annually shall report all of the following: NR 809.567(2)(d)2.2. The location, date and result of each sample taken during the last quarter.
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Chs. NR 800- ; Environmental Protection – Water Supply
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