NR 666.104(5)(5) Controls for dioxins and furans. Owners and operators of boilers and industrial furnaces that are equipped with a dry particulate matter control device that operates within the temperature range of 450 to 750 °F, and industrial furnaces operating under an alternative hydrocarbon limit established under sub. (6) shall conduct a site-specific risk assessment as follows to demonstrate that emissions of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans do not result in an increased lifetime cancer risk to the hypothetical maximum exposed individual (MEI) exceeding 1 in 100,000: NR 666.104(5)(a)(a) During the trial burn (for new facilities or an interim license facility applying for an operating license) or compliance test (for interim license facilities), determine emission rates of the tetra-octa congeners of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDDs/CDFs) using Method 0023A, Sampling Method for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans Emissions from Stationary Sources, EPA SW-846, as incorporated by reference in s. NR 660.11. NR 666.104(5)(b)(b) Estimate the 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalence of the tetra-octa CDDs/CDFs congeners using “Procedures for Estimating the Toxicity Equivalence of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxin and Dibenzofuran Congeners” in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX. Multiply the emission rates of CDD/CDF congeners with a toxicity equivalence greater than 0 (see the procedure) by the calculated toxicity equivalence factor to estimate the equivalent emission rate of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. NR 666.104(5)(c)(c) Conduct dispersion modeling using methods recommended in Appendix W of 40 CFR part 51 (”Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised)” (1986) and its supplements, incorporated by reference in s. NR 660.11), the “Hazardous Waste Combustion Air Quality Screening Procedure”, provided in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX, or in Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Quality Impact of Stationary Sources, Revised, EPA-450/R-92-019, incorporated by reference in s. NR 660.11, to predict the maximum annual average off-site ground level concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents determined under par. (b). The maximum annual average concentration shall be used when a person resides on-site. NR 666.104(5)(d)(d) The ratio of the predicted maximum annual average ground level concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents to the risk-specific dose for 2,3,7,8-TCDD provided in ch. NR 666 Appendix V (2.2 X 10–7) may not exceed 1.0. NR 666.104(6)(6) Monitoring CO and HC in the by-pass duct of a cement kiln. Cement kilns may comply with the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon limits provided by subs. (2), (3) and (4) by monitoring in the by-pass duct if both of the following conditions are met: NR 666.104(6)(a)(a) Hazardous waste is fired only into the kiln and not at any location downstream from the kiln exit relative to the direction of gas flow. NR 666.104(6)(b)(b) The by-pass duct diverts a minimum of 10% of kiln off-gas into the duct. NR 666.104(7)(7) Use of emissions test data to demonstrate compliance and establish operating limits. Compliance with this section shall be demonstrated simultaneously by emissions testing or during separate runs under identical operating conditions. Further, data to demonstrate compliance with the CO and HC limits of this section or to establish alternative CO or HC limits under this section shall be obtained during the time that DRE testing, and where applicable, CDD/CDF testing under sub. (5) and comprehensive organic emissions testing under sub. (6) is conducted. NR 666.104(8)(8) Enforcement. For the purposes of license enforcement, compliance with the operating requirements specified in the license (under s. NR 666.102) shall be regarded as compliance with this section. However, evidence that compliance with those license conditions is insufficient to ensure compliance with this section may be information justifying modification or revocation and re-issuance of a license under s. NR 670.041. NR 666.104 HistoryHistory: CR 05-032: cr. Register July 2006 No. 607, eff. 8-1-06; corrections in (1) (b), (2) (b), (3) (c), (5) (b) to (d) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register March 2013 No. 687. NR 666.105NR 666.105 Standards to control particulate matter. NR 666.105(1)(1) A boiler or industrial furnace burning hazardous waste may not emit particulate matter in excess of 180 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (0.08 grains per dry standard cubic foot) after correction to a stack gas concentration of 7% oxygen, using procedures prescribed in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, methods 1 to 5, incorporated by reference in s. NR 660.11, and ch. NR 666 Appendix IX. NR 666.105(2)(2) An owner or operator meeting s. NR 666.109 (2) for the low risk waste exemption is exempt from the particulate matter standard. NR 666.105(3)(a)(a) Measured pollutant levels shall be corrected for the amount of oxygen in the stack gas according to the formula: where:
Pc is the corrected concentration of the pollutant in the stack gas, Pm is the measured concentration of the pollutant in the stack gas, E is the oxygen concentration on a dry basis in the combustion air fed to the device, and Y is the measured oxygen concentration on a dry basis in the stack.
NR 666.105(3)(b)(b) For devices that feed normal combustion air, E will equal 21%. For devices that feed oxygen-enriched air for combustion (that is, air with an oxygen concentration exceeding 21%), the value of E will be the concentration of oxygen in the enriched air. NR 666.105(3)(c)(c) Compliance with all emission standards provided by this subchapter shall be based on correcting to 7% oxygen using this procedure. NR 666.105(4)(4) For the purposes of license enforcement, compliance with the operating requirements specified in the license (under s. NR 666.102) shall be regarded as compliance with this section. However, evidence that compliance with those license conditions is insufficient to ensure compliance with this section may be information justifying modification or revocation and re-issuance of a license under s. NR 670.041. NR 666.105 HistoryHistory: CR 05-032: cr. Register July 2006 No. 607, eff. 8-1-06; correction in (1) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 7., Stats., Register March 2013 No. 687. NR 666.106NR 666.106 Standards to control metals emissions. NR 666.106(1)(1) General. The owner or operator shall comply with the metals standards provided by subs. (2), (3), (4), (5), or (6) for each metal listed in sub. (2) that is present in the hazardous waste at detectable levels by using appropriate analytical procedures. NR 666.106(2)(2) Tier I feed rate screening limits. Feed rate screening limits for metals are specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I as a function of terrain-adjusted effective stack height and terrain and land use in the vicinity of the facility. Criteria for facilities that are not eligible to comply with the screening limits are provided in par. (g). NR 666.106(2)(a)(a) Noncarcinogenic metals. The feed rates of antimony, barium, lead, mercury, thallium and silver in all feed streams, including hazardous waste, fuels, and industrial furnace feed stocks may not exceed the screening limits specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I. NR 666.106(2)(a)1.1. The feed rate screening limits for antimony, barium, mercury, thallium and silver are based on either of the following: NR 666.106(2)(a)2.2. The feed rate screening limit for lead is based on one of the following: NR 666.106(2)(a)2.b.b. An averaging period of 2 to 24 hours as defined in s. NR 666.102 (5) (f) 2. with an instantaneous feed rate limit not to exceed 10 times the feed rate that would be allowed on an hourly rolling average basis. NR 666.106(2)(b)1.1. The feed rates of arsenic, cadmium, beryllium and chromium in all feed streams, including hazardous waste, fuels, and industrial furnace feed stocks may not exceed values derived from the screening limits specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I. The feed rate of each of these metals is limited to a level such that the sum of the ratios of the actual feed rate to the feed rate screening limit specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I may not exceed 1.0, as provided by the following equation: where:
n = number of carcinogenic metals
AFR = actual feed rate to the device for metal “i”
NR 666.106(2)(b)2.2. The feed rate screening limits for the carcinogenic metals are based on either of the following: NR 666.106(2)(b)2.b.b. An averaging period of 2 to 24 hours as defined in s. NR 666.102 (5) (f) 2. with an instantaneous feed rate limit not to exceed 10 times the feed rate that would be allowed on an hourly rolling average basis. NR 666.106(2)(c)1.1. The terrain-adjusted effective stack height is determined according to the following equation: TESH = Ha+H1-Tr
where:
Ha = Actual physical stack height
H1 = Plume rise as determined from ch. NR 666 Appendix VI as a function of stack flow rate and stack gas exhaust temperature Tr = Terrain rise within 5 kilometers of the stack
NR 666.106(2)(c)3.3. If the TESH for a particular facility is not listed in the table in the appendices, the nearest lower TESH listed in the table shall be used. If the TESH is 4 meters or less, a value of 4 meters shall be used. NR 666.106(2)(d)(d) Terrain type. The screening limits are a function of whether the facility is located in noncomplex or complex terrain. A device located where any part of the surrounding terrain within 5 kilometers of the stack equals or exceeds the elevation of the physical stack height (Ha) is considered to be in complex terrain and the screening limits for complex terrain apply. Terrain measurements are to be made from U.S. geological survey 7.5-minute topographic maps of the area surrounding the facility. NR 666.106(2)(e)(e) Land use. The screening limits are a function of whether the facility is located in an area where the land use is urban or rural. To determine whether land use in the vicinity of the facility is urban or rural, procedures provided in ch. NR 666 Appendix IX shall be used. NR 666.106(2)(f)(f) Multiple stacks. Owners and operators of facilities with more than one on-site stack from a boiler, industrial furnace, incinerator or other thermal treatment unit subject to controls of metals emissions under an operating license or interim license shall comply with the screening limits for all such units assuming all hazardous waste is fed into the device with the worst-case stack based on dispersion characteristics. The worst-case stack is determined from the following equation as applied to each stack: K = HVT
where:
K = a parameter accounting for relative influence of stack height and plume rise
H = physical stack height (meters)
V = stack gas flow rate (m3/second)
T = exhaust temperature (°K)
The stack with the lowest value of K is the worst-case stack.
NR 666.106(2)(g)(g) Criteria for facilities not eligible for screening limits. If any of the following criteria are met, the Tier I and Tier II screening limits do not apply. Owners and operators of such facilities shall comply with either the Tier III standards provided by sub. (4) or with the adjusted Tier I feed rate screening limits provided by sub. (5). NR 666.106(2)(g)1.1. The device is located in a narrow valley less than one kilometer wide. NR 666.106(2)(g)2.2. The device has a stack taller than 20 meters and is located such that the terrain rises to the physical height within one kilometer of the facility. NR 666.106(2)(g)3.3. The device has a stack taller than 20 meters and is located within 5 kilometers of a shoreline of a large body of water such as an ocean or large lake. NR 666.106(2)(g)4.4. The physical stack height of any stack is less than 2.5 times the height of any building within 5 building heights or 5 projected building widths of the stack and the distance from the stack to the closest boundary is within 5 building heights or 5 projected building widths of the associated building. NR 666.106(2)(g)5.5. The department determines that standards based on site-specific dispersion modeling are required. NR 666.106(2)(h)(h) Implementation. The feed rate of metals in each feedstream shall be monitored to ensure that the feed rate screening limits are not exceeded. NR 666.106(3)(3) Tier II emission rate screening limits. Emission rate screening limits are specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I as a function of terrain-adjusted effective stack height and terrain and land use in the vicinity of the facility. Criteria for facilities that are not eligible to comply with the screening limits are provided in sub. (2) (g). NR 666.106(3)(a)(a) Noncarcinogenic metals. The emission rates of antimony, barium, lead, mercury, thallium and silver may not exceed the screening limits specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I. NR 666.106(3)(b)(b) Carcinogenic metals. The emission rates of arsenic, cadmium, beryllium and chromium may not exceed values derived from the screening limits specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I. The emission rate of each of these metals is limited to a level such that the sum of the ratios of the actual emission rate to the emission rate screening limit specified in ch. NR 666 Appendix I may not exceed 1.0, as provided by the following equation: where:
n = number of carcinogenic metals
AER = actual emission rate for metal “i”
NR 666.106(3)(c)(c) Implementation. The emission rate limits shall be implemented by limiting feed rates of the individual metals to levels during the trial burn (for new facilities or an interim license facility applying for a license) or the compliance test (for interim license facilities). The feed rate averaging periods are the same as provided by sub. (2) (a) 1. and 2. and (b) 2. The feed rate of metals in each feedstream shall be monitored to ensure that the feed rate limits for the feedstreams specified under s. NR 666.102 or 666.103 are not exceeded. NR 666.106(3)(d)(d) Definitions and limitations. The definitions and limitations provided by sub. (2) for the following terms also apply to the Tier II emission rate screening limits provided by this subsection: terrain-adjusted effective stack height, good engineering practice stack height, terrain type, land use and criteria for facilities not eligible to use the screening limits. NR 666.106(3)(e)1.1. Owners and operators of facilities with more than one onsite stack from a boiler, industrial furnace, incinerator or other thermal treatment unit subject to controls on metals emissions under an operating license or interim license shall comply with the emissions screening limits for any such stacks assuming all hazardous waste is fed into the device with the worst-case stack based on dispersion characteristics. NR 666.106(3)(e)3.3. For each metal, the total emissions of the metal from those stacks may not exceed the screening limit for the worst-case stack. NR 666.106(4)(4) Tier III and adjusted Tier I site-specific risk assessment. The requirements of this subsection apply to facilities complying with either the Tier III or adjusted Tier I controls, except where specified otherwise. NR 666.106(4)(a)(a) General. Conformance with the Tier III metals controls shall be demonstrated by emissions testing to determine the emission rate for each metal. In addition, conformance with either the Tier III or adjusted Tier I metals controls shall be demonstrated by air dispersion modeling to predict the maximum annual average off-site ground level concentration for each dispersion modeling to predict the maximum annual average off-site ground level concentration for each metal, and a demonstration that acceptable ambient levels are not exceeded. NR 666.106(4)(b)(b) Acceptable ambient levels. Chapter NR 666 Appendix IV and ch. NR 666 Appendix V list the acceptable ambient levels for purposes of this rule. Reference air concentrations (RACs) are listed for the noncarcinogenic metals and 10–5 risk-specific doses (RSDs) are listed for the carcinogenic metals. The RSD for a metal is the acceptable ambient level for that metal if only one of the 4 carcinogenic metals is emitted. If more than one carcinogenic metal is emitted, the acceptable ambient level for the carcinogenic metals is a fraction of the RSD as described in par. (c). NR 666.106(4)(c)(c) Carcinogenic metals. For the carcinogenic metals, arsenic, cadmium, beryllium and chromium, the sum of the ratios of the predicted maximum annual average off-site ground level concentrations (except that on-site concentrations shall be considered if a person resides on site) to the risk-specific dose (RSD) for all carcinogenic metals emitted may not exceed 1.0 as determined by the following equation:
