NR 460.02 NoteNote: Examples of events included under this definition are acts of nature, acts of war or terrorism, equipment failure or safety hazard beyond the control of the affected facility.
NR 460.02(21)(21) “Fugitive emissions” means those emissions from a stationary source that could not reasonably pass through a stack, chimney, vent or other functionally equivalent opening. Under section 112 of the act (42 USC 7412), all fugitive emissions are to be considered in determining whether a stationary source is a major source. NR 460.02(22)(22) “Hazardous air pollutant” or “HAP” means any air pollutant included in the list in section 112 (b) (1) of the act (42 USC 7412 (b) (1)) as revised by 40 CFR part 63 subpart C. NR 460.02(22g)(22g) “Intermediate alternative monitoring” means federally required monitoring with modifications that involve technology generally accepted by the scientific community as equivalent or better, that is applied on a site-specific basis and that may have the potential to decrease the stringency of the associated emission limitation or standard. Though site-specific, intermediate modifications of this sort may set a national precedent for a source category and may ultimately result in a revision to the federally required monitoring. Examples of intermediate modifications to monitoring include, but are not limited to: NR 460.02(22g)(a)(a) Use of a continuous emission monitoring system in lieu of a parameter monitoring approach. NR 460.02(22g)(b)(b) Decreased frequency for non-continuous parameter monitoring or physical inspections. NR 460.02(22g)(c)(c) Changes to quality control requirements for parameter monitoring. NR 460.02(22g)(d)(d) Use of an electronic data reduction system in lieu of manual data reduction. NR 460.02(22r)(22r) “Intermediate alternative test method” means a federally enforceable test method with modifications that involve technology generally accepted by the scientific community as equivalent or better, that is applied on a site-specific basis and that may have the potential to decrease the stringency of the associated emission limitation or standard. Though site-specific, such intermediate modifications may set a national precedent for a source category and may ultimately result in a revision to the federally enforceable test method. In order to be approved, an intermediate modification shall be validated according to EPA Method 301 in Appendix A of 40 CFR part 63, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (25), to demonstrate that it provides equal or improved accuracy and precision. Examples of intermediate modifications to a test method include, but are not limited to: NR 460.02(22r)(a)(a) Modifications to a test method’s sampling procedure including substitution of sampling equipment that has been demonstrated for a particular sample matrix, and use of a different impinger absorbing solution. NR 460.02(22r)(b)(b) Changes in sample recovery procedures and analytical techniques, such as changes to sample holding times and use of a different analytical finish with proven capability for the analyte of interest. NR 460.02(22r)(c)(c) Combining a federally required method with another proven method for application to processes emitting multiple pollutants. NR 460.02(23)(23) “Lesser quantity” means a quantity of a hazardous air pollutant that is or may be emitted by a stationary source that the administrator establishes in order to define a major source under an applicable subpart of 40 CFR part 63. NR 460.02(23e)(23e) “Major alternative monitoring” means federally required monitoring with modifications that use technology or procedures not generally accepted by the scientific community, or that is an entirely new method. These major modifications to monitoring may be site-specific or may apply to one or more source categories and will almost always set a national precedent. Examples of major modifications to monitoring include, but are not limited to: NR 460.02(23e)(a)(a) Use of a new monitoring approach developed to apply to a control technology not contemplated in the applicable regulation. NR 460.02(23e)(b)(b) Use of a predictive emission monitoring system in place of a required continuous emission monitoring system. NR 460.02(23e)(c)(c) Use of alternative calibration procedures that do not involve calibration gases or test cells. NR 460.02(23e)(d)(d) Use of an analytical technology that differs from that specified by a performance specification. NR 460.02(23e)(e)(e) Decreased monitoring frequency for a continuous emission monitoring system, continuous opacity monitoring system, predictive emission monitoring system or continuous parameter monitoring system. NR 460.02(23e)(f)(f) Decreased monitoring frequency for a leak detection and repair program. NR 460.02(23m)(23m) “Major alternative test method” means a federally enforceable test method with modifications that use technology or procedures not generally accepted by the scientific community or that is an entirely new method. These major modifications to a test method may be site-specific, or may apply to one or more sources or source categories, and will almost always set a national precedent. In order to be approved, a major modification shall be validated according to EPA Method 301 in Appendix A of 40 CFR part 63, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (25). Examples of major modifications to a test method include, but are not limited to: NR 460.02(23m)(c)(c) Use of a new test method developed to apply to a control technology not contemplated in the applicable regulation. NR 460.02(23m)(d)(d) Combining 2 or more sampling or analytical methods, at least one being unproven, into one for application to processes emitting multiple pollutants. NR 460.02(23s)(23s) “Major changes to recordkeeping and reporting” means: NR 460.02(23s)(a)(a) A modification to federally required recordkeeping or reporting that meets one of the following criteria: NR 460.02(23s)(a)1.1. May decrease the stringency of the required compliance and enforcement measures for the relevant standards. NR 460.02(23s)(b)(b) Examples of major changes to recordkeeping and reporting include, but are not limited to: NR 460.02(23s)(b)4.4. Decreases in the reliability of recordkeeping or reporting, such as manual recording of monitoring data instead of required automated or electronic recording or paper reports where electronic reporting may have been required. NR 460.02(24)(24) “Major source” means any stationary source or group of stationary sources located within a contiguous area and under common control that emits or has the potential to emit considering controls, in the aggregate, 10 tons per year or more of any hazardous air pollutant or 25 tons per year or more of any combination of hazardous air pollutants, unless the administrator establishes a lesser quantity, or in the case of radionuclides, different criteria from those specified in this definition. NR 460.02(24c)(24c) “Malfunction” means any sudden, infrequent and not reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control and monitoring equipment, process equipment, or a process to operate in a normal or usual manner which causes, or has the potential to cause, the emission limitations in an applicable standard to be exceeded. Failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or careless operation are not malfunctions. NR 460.02(24e)(a)(a) Federally required monitoring with modifications that meet all of the following criteria: NR 460.02(24e)(a)1.1. Do not decrease the stringency of the compliance and enforcement measures for the relevant standard. NR 460.02(24e)(a)3.3. Are site-specific, made to reflect or accommodate the operational characteristics, physical constraints or safety concerns of an affected source. NR 460.02(24e)(b)(b) Examples of minor modifications to monitoring include, but are not limited to: NR 460.02(24e)(b)1.1. Modifications to a sampling procedure, such as use of an improved sample conditioning system to reduce maintenance requirements. NR 460.02(24e)(b)3.3. Modification of the environmental shelter to moderate temperature fluctuation and thus protect the analytical instrumentation. NR 460.02(24m)(a)(a) A modification to a federally enforceable test method that meets all of the following criteria: NR 460.02(24m)(a)3.3. Is site-specific, made to reflect or accommodate the operational characteristics, physical constraints or safety concerns of an affected source. NR 460.02(24m)(b)(b) Examples of minor changes to a test method include, but are not limited to: NR 460.02(24m)(b)1.1. Field adjustments in a test method’s sampling procedure, such as a modified sampling traverse or location to avoid interference from an obstruction in the stack, increasing the sampling time or volume, use of additional impingers for a high moisture situation, accepting particulate emission results for a test run that was conducted with a lower than specified temperature, substitution of a material in the sampling train that has been demonstrated to be more inert for the sample matrix. NR 460.02(24m)(b)2.2. Changes in recovery and analytical techniques such as a change in quality control or quality assurance requirements needed to adjust for analysis of a certain sample matrix. NR 460.02(24s)(24s) “Minor change to recordkeeping or reporting” means: NR 460.02(24s)(a)(a) A modification to federally required recordkeeping or reporting that meets all of the following criteria: NR 460.02(24s)(a)1.1. Does not decrease the stringency of the compliance and enforcement measures for the relevant standards. NR 460.02(24s)(b)(b) Examples of minor changes to recordkeeping or reporting include, but are not limited to: NR 460.02(24s)(b)2.2. Increased frequency of recordkeeping or reporting, or increased record retention periods. NR 460.02(24s)(b)3.3. Increased reliability in the form of recording monitoring data, such as electronic or automatic recording as opposed to manual recording of monitoring data. NR 460.02(24s)(b)5.5. Changes to recordkeeping for good cause shown for a fixed short duration, such as facility shutdown. NR 460.02(24s)(b)6.6. Changes to recordkeeping or reporting that is clearly redundant with equivalent recordkeeping or reporting requirements. NR 460.02(24s)(b)7.7. Decreases in the frequency of reporting for area sources to no less than once a year, for good cause shown, or for major sources to no less than twice a year, for good cause shown. NR 460.02(24w)(24w) “Monitoring” means the collection and use of measurement data or other information to control the operation of a process or pollution control device or to verify a work practice standard relative to assuring compliance with applicable requirements. Monitoring is composed of 4 elements: NR 460.02(24w)(a)(a) Indicators of performance—the parameters you measure or observe for demonstrating proper operation of the pollution control measures or compliance with the applicable emissions limitation or standard. Indicators of performance may include direct or predicted emissions measurements, including opacity, operational parametric values that correspond to process or control device and capture system efficiencies or emissions rates, and recorded findings of inspection of work practice activities, materials tracking, or design characteristics. Indicators may be expressed as a single maximum or minimum value; a function of process variables, for example, within a range of pressure drops; a particular operational or work practice status, for example, a damper position, completion of a waste recovery task, materials tracking; or an interdependency between 2 or among more than 2 variables. NR 460.02(24w)(b)(b) Measurement techniques—the means by which you gather and record information of or about the indicators of performance. The components of the measurement technique include the detector type, location and installation specifications, inspection procedures, and quality assurance and quality control measures. Examples of measurement techniques include continuous emission monitoring systems, continuous opacity monitoring systems, continuous parametric monitoring systems, and manual inspections that include making records of process conditions or work practices. NR 460.02(24w)(c)(c) Monitoring frequency—the number of times you obtain and record monitoring data over a specified time interval. Examples of monitoring frequencies include at least 4 points equally spaced for each hour for continuous emissions or parametric monitoring systems, at least every 10 seconds for continuous opacity monitoring systems, and at least once per operating day or week, month, etc. for work practice or design inspections. NR 460.02(24w)(d)(d) Averaging time—the period over which you average and use data to verify proper operation of the pollution control approach or compliance with the emissions limitation or standard. Examples of averaging time include a 3-hour average in units of the emissions limitation, a 30-day rolling average emissions value, a daily average of a control device operational parametric range, and an instantaneous alarm. NR 460.02(24y)(24y) “New affected source” means the collection of equipment, activities, or both within a single contiguous area and under common control that is included in a section 112 (c) source category or subcategory under section 112 of the Act (42 USC 7412) that is subject to a section 112 (d) or other relevant standard for new sources. This definition of new affected source, and the criteria to be utilized in implementing it, shall apply to each section 112 (d) standard for which the initial proposed rule is signed by the administrator after June 30, 2002. Each relevant standard will define the term new affected source, which will be the same as the affected source unless the administrator finds that a different collection is warranted based on consideration of factors including all of the following: NR 460.02(24y)(a)(a) Emission reduction impacts of controlling individual sources versus groups of sources. NR 460.02(24y)(f)(f) Feasibility and cost of controlling processes that share common equipment, such as product recovery devices. NR 460.02(25)(25) “New MACT source” means any affected source the construction or reconstruction of which is commenced after the administrator first publishes in the federal register a proposed emission standard that would apply to the source under 40 CFR part 63. NR 460.02(26)(26) “One-hour period”, unless otherwise defined in an applicable subpart of 40 CFR part 63 or in an applicable provision of chs. NR 460 to 469, means any 60-minute period commencing on the hour. NR 460.02(27)(27) “Opacity” means the degree to which emissions reduce the transmission of light and obscure the view of an object in the background. For continuous opacity monitoring systems, opacity means the fraction of incident light that is attenuated by an optical medium. NR 460.02(28)(28) “Part 70 permit” means any permit issued, renewed or revised under ch. NR 407 for a part 70 source as defined in s. NR 407.02. NR 460.02(29)(29) “Performance audit” means a procedure to analyze blind samples, the content of which is known by the department, simultaneously with the analysis of performance test samples in order to provide a measure of test data quality. NR 460.02(30)(30) “Performance evaluation” means the conduct of relative accuracy testing, calibration error testing, and other measurements used in validating the continuous monitoring system data. NR 460.02(31)(31) “Performance test” means the collection of data resulting from the execution of a test method, usually 3 emission test runs, used to demonstrate compliance with a relevant emission standard as specified in the performance test section of the relevant standard.
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