NR 449.07(2)(c)4.4. Reciprocating compressors. Vinyl chloride emissions from seals on all reciprocating compressors in vinyl chloride service shall be minimized by installing double outboard seals, or equivalent as provided in s. NR 449.08. If double outboard seals are used, vinyl chloride emissions from the seals shall be minimized by maintaining the pressure between the 2 seals so that any leak that occurs is into the compressor, by ducting any vinyl chloride between the 2 seals through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases may not exceed 10 parts per million, or equivalent as provided in s. NR 449.08. NR 449.07(2)(c)5.5. Agitators. Vinyl chloride emissions from seals on all agitators in vinyl chloride service shall be minimized by installing agitators with double mechanical seals, or equivalent as provided in s. NR 449.08. If double mechanical seals are used, vinyl chloride emissions from the seals shall be minimized by maintaining the pressure between the 2 seals so that any leak that occurs is into the agitated vessels, by ducting any vinyl chloride between the 2 seals through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases may not exceed 10 parts per million, or equivalent as provided in s. NR 449.08. NR 449.07(2)(d)(d) Vinyl chloride emissions due to leakage from each relief valve on equipment in vinyl chloride service shall be minimized by installing a rupture disk between the equipment and the relief valve, by connecting the relief valve discharge to a process line or recovery system, or equivalent as provided in s. NR 449.08. NR 449.07(2)(e)(e) Except as provided in s. NR 449.06 (1) (c), all gases which are manually vented from equipment in vinyl chloride service shall be ducted through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases may not exceed 10 parts per million, or equivalent as provided in s. NR 449.08. NR 449.07(2)(f)(f) Vinyl chloride emissions from opening of equipment (including loading or unloading lines that are not opened to the atmosphere after each loading or unloading operation) shall be minimized as follows: NR 449.07(2)(f)1.1. Before opening any equipment for any reason, the quantity of vinyl chloride shall be reduced so that the equipment contains no more than 2.0% by volume vinyl chloride or 0.0950 cubic meter (25 gallons) of vinyl chloride, whichever is larger, at standard temperature and pressure. NR 449.07(2)(f)2.2. Any vinyl chloride removed from the equipment in accordance with subd. 1. shall be ducted through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases may not exceed 10 parts per million, or equivalent as provided in s. NR 449.08. NR 449.07(2)(g)(g) Unused portions of samples containing at least 10% by weight vinyl chloride shall be returned to the process, and sampling techniques shall be such that sample containers in vinyl chloride service are purged into a closed process system. NR 449.07(2)(h)(h) Vinyl chloride emissions due to leaks from equipment in vinyl chloride service shall be minimized by instituting and implementing a formal leak detection and elimination program. The owner or operator of a source on which construction or modification commenced after February 1, 1984 shall submit a description of the program to the department for approval. The program shall be submitted within 45 days after startup unless a waiver is granted by the department. If a waiver of compliance is granted, the program is to be submitted on a date scheduled by the department. Approval of a program shall be granted by the department provided it finds: NR 449.07(2)(h)1.1. It includes a reliable and accurate vinyl chloride monitoring system for detection of major leaks and identification of the general area of the plant where a leak is located. A vinyl chloride monitoring system means a device which obtains air samples from one or more points on a continuous sequential basis and analyzes the samples with gas chromatography or, if the owner or operator assumes that all hydrocarbons measured are vinyl chloride, with infrared spectrophotometry flame ion detection, or an equivalent or alternative method. NR 449.07(2)(h)2.2. It includes a reliable and accurate portable hydrocarbon detector to be used routinely to find small leaks and to pinpoint the major leaks indicated by the vinyl chloride monitoring system. A portable hydrocarbon detector means a device which measures hydrocarbons with a sensitivity of at least 10 parts per million and is of such design and size that it can be used to measure emissions from localized points. NR 449.07(2)(h)3.3. It provides for an acceptable calibration and maintenance schedule for the vinyl chloride monitoring system and portable hydrocarbon detector. For the vinyl chloride monitoring system, a daily span check shall be conducted with a concentration of vinyl chloride equal to the concentration defined as a leak according to subd. 6. The calibration shall be done with either one of the following: NR 449.07(2)(h)3.a.a. A calibration gas mixture prepared from the gases specified in section 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 and in accordance with section 7.1 of Method 106 of 40 CFR part 61, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (23). NR 449.07(2)(h)3.b.b. A calibration gas cylinder standard containing the appropriate concentration of vinyl chloride. The gas composition of the calibration gas cylinder standard shall have been certified by the manufacturer. The manufacturer must have recommended a maximum shelf life for each cylinder so that the concentration does not change greater than plus or minus 5% from the certified value. The date of gas cylinder preparation, certified vinyl chloride concentration and recommended maximum shelf life must have been affixed to the cylinder before shipment from the manufacturer to the buyer. If a gas chromatograph is used as the vinyl chloride monitoring system, these gas mixtures may be directly used to prepare a chromatograph calibration curve as described in section 7.3 of Method 106 of 40 CFR part 61, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (23). The requirements in sections 5.2.3.1 and 5.2.3.2 of Method 106 for certification of cylinder standards and for establishment and verification of calibration standards shall be followed. NR 449.07(2)(h)4.4. The location and number of points to be monitored and the frequency of monitoring provided for in the program are acceptable when they are compared with the number of pieces of equipment in vinyl chloride service and the size and physical layout of the plant. NR 449.07(2)(h)5.5. It contains an acceptable plan of action to be taken when a leak is detected. NR 449.07(2)(h)6.6. It contains a definition of leak which is acceptable when compared with the background concentrations of vinyl chloride in the areas of the plant to be monitored by the vinyl chloride monitoring system. Measurement of background concentrations of vinyl chloride in the areas of the plant to be monitored by the vinyl chloride monitoring system shall be included with the description of the program. The definition of leak for a given plant may vary among the different areas within the plant and is also to change over time as background concentrations in the plant are reduced. NR 449.07(2)(i)(i) Vinyl chloride emissions to the atmosphere from inprocess wastewater shall be reduced as specified in this paragraph. NR 449.07(2)(i)1.1. The concentration of vinyl chloride in each inprocess wastewater stream containing greater than 10 parts per million vinyl chloride measured immediately as it leaves a piece of equipment and before being mixed with any other inprocess wastewater stream shall be reduced to no more than 10 parts per million by weight before being mixed with any other inprocess wastewater stream which contains less than 10 parts per million vinyl chloride, before being exposed to the atmosphere, before being discharged to a wastewater treatment process, or before being discharged untreated as a wastewater. This paragraph does apply to water which is used to displace vinyl chloride from equipment before it is opened to the atmosphere in accordance with s. NR 449.06 (1) (b) or par. (f), but does not apply to water which is used to wash out equipment after the equipment has already been opened to the atmosphere in accordance with s. NR 449.06 (1) (b) or par. (f). NR 449.07(2)(i)2.2. Any vinyl chloride removed from the inprocess wastewater in accordance with subd. 1. shall be ducted through a control system from which the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases may not exceed 10 parts per million, or equivalent as provided in s. NR 449.08 NR 449.07(3)(3) Standard operating procedure. The requirements in sub. (2) (a), (b) and (e) to (h) shall be incorporated into a standard operating procedure and made available upon request for inspection by a department representative. The standard operating procedure shall include provisions for measuring the vinyl chloride in equipment 4.75 cubic meters (1,250 gallons) in volume for which an emission limit is prescribed in sub. (2) (f) 1. prior to opening the equipment and using Method 106 of 40 CFR part 61, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (23), a portable hydrocarbon detector, or an equivalent or alternative method. The method of measurement shall meet the requirements s. NR 449.09 (6) (e) 1. a. or b. NR 449.07 HistoryHistory: Renum. from NR 154.19 (6) (g) and am. Register, September, 1986, No. 369, eff. 10-1-86; am. (2) (f) 1., Register, May, 1992, No. 437, eff. 6-1-92; am. (2) (h) 3. and (3), Register, December, 1995, No. 480, eff. 1-1-96; am. (2) (h) 3. (intro.) and a., Register, November, 1999, No. 527, eff. 12-1-99. NR 449.08NR 449.08 Equivalent equipment and procedures. Upon written application from an owner or operator, the department may approve use of equipment or procedures which have been demonstrated to the department’s satisfaction to be equivalent in terms of reducing vinyl chloride emissions to the atmosphere to those prescribed for compliance with a specific section of this chapter. Any request for using an equivalent method shall be submitted to the department with the application for a permit to construct or modify and operate the vinyl chloride source. NR 449.08 HistoryHistory: Renum. from NR 154.19 (6) (h) and am. Register, September, 1986, No. 369, eff. 10-1-86. NR 449.09(1)(1) Unless a waiver of emission testing is obtained from the department, each owner or operator of a source to which this section applies on which construction or modification commenced after February 1, 1984 shall test emissions from the source within 90 days of startup. NR 449.09(2)(2) The department shall be notified at least 30 days prior to a stack or performance test to afford the department the opportunity to have a representative present to witness the testing procedures. NR 449.09(3)(3) Any emission test shall be conducted while the equipment being tested is operating at the maximum production rate at which the equipment will be operated and under other relevant conditions as may be specified by the department based on the representative performance of the source. NR 449.09(4)(4) When at all possible, each sample shall be analyzed within 24 hours, but in no case in excess of 72 hours of sample collection. Vinyl chloride emissions shall be determined within 30 days after the emission test. The owner or operator shall report the determinations to the department by registered letter dispatched before the close of the next business day following the determination. NR 449.09(5)(5) The owner or operator shall retain at the plant and make available, upon request, for inspection by a department representative, for a minimum of 2 years, records of emission test results and other data needed to determine emissions. NR 449.09(6)(6) Unless otherwise specified, the owner or operator shall use Methods of 40 CFR part 61, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (23), for each test as required by pars. (a) to (e) unless an equivalent method or an alternative method has been approved by the department. If the department finds reasonable grounds to dispute the results obtained by an equivalent or alternative method, the department may require the use of a reference method. If the results of the reference and equivalent or alternative methods do not agree, the results obtained by the reference method prevail, and the department may notify the owner or operator that approval of the method previously considered to be equivalent or alternative is withdrawn. NR 449.09(6)(a)(a) Method 106 of 40 CFR part 61, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04, shall be used to determine the vinyl chloride emissions from any source for which an emission limit is prescribed in ss. NR 449.04 (1) or (2), 449.05 (1), 449.06 (1) (a), (2), (3) or (4), or from any control system to which reactor emissions are required to be ducted in s. NR 449.06 (1) (b) or to which fugitive emissions are required to be ducted in s. NR 449.07 (2) (a) 2., (b), (e), (f) 2. or (i) 2. NR 449.09(6)(a)1.1. For each run, one sample shall be collected. The sampling site shall be at least 2 stack or duct diameters downstream and one-half diameter upstream from any flow disturbance such as a bend, expansion, contraction or visible flame. For a rectangular cross section an equivalent diameter shall be determined from the following equation: The sampling point in the duct shall be at the centroid of the cross section. The sample shall be extracted at a rate proportional to the gas velocity at the sampling point. The sample shall be taken over a minimum of one hour, and shall contain a minimum volume of 50 liters corrected to standard conditions.
NR 449.09(6)(a)2.2. Each emission test shall consist of 3 runs. For the purpose of determining emissions, the average of results of all runs shall apply. The average shall be computed on a time weighted basis. NR 449.09(6)(a)3.3. For gas streams containing more than 10% oxygen the concentration of vinyl chloride as determined by Method 106 shall be corrected to 10% oxygen (dry basis) for determination of emissions by using the following equation: where:
Cb(corrected) is the concentration of vinyl chloride in the exhaust gases, corrected to 10% oxygen
Cb is the concentration of vinyl chloride as measured by Method 106
20.9 is the percent oxygen in the ambient air at standard conditions
10.9 is the percent oxygen in the ambient air at standard conditions minus the 10% oxygen to which the correction is being made
percent O2 is the percent oxygen in the exhaust gas as measured by Method 3 of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (13) NR 449.09(6)(a)4.4. For those emission sources where the emission limit is prescribed in terms of mass rather than concentration, mass emissions in kilograms per 100 kilograms product shall be determined by using the following equation: where:
CBX is the kg vinyl chloride/100 kg product
Cb is the concentration of vinyl chloride as measured by Method 106
2.60 equals the density of vinyl chloride at one atmosphere and 20°C in kg/m3
Q is the volumetric flow rate in m3/hr as determined by Method 2 of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (13) 10-6 is the conversion factor for parts per million
Z is the production rate (kilograms/hour)
NR 449.09(6)(c)1.1. The number of strippers and samples and the types and grades of resin to be sampled shall be determined by the department for each individual plant at the time of the test based on the plant’s operation. NR 449.09(6)(c)2.2. Each sample shall be taken immediately following the stripping operation. NR 449.09(6)(c)3.3. The corresponding quantity of material processed by each stripper shall be determined on a dry solids basis and by a method submitted to and approved by the department. NR 449.09(6)(c)4.4. At the prior request of the department, the owner or operator shall provide duplicates of the samples required in subd. 1. NR 449.09(6)(d)(d) Where control technology other than or in addition to a stripping operation is used to attain the emission limit in s. NR 449.06 (5), emissions shall be determined as follows: NR 449.09(6)(d)1.1. Method 106 of 40 CFR part 61, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (23), shall be used to determine atmospheric emissions from all of the process equipment simultaneously. The requirements of par. (a) shall be met. NR 449.09(6)(d)2.2. Method 107 of 40 CFR part 61, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (23), shall be used to determine the concentration of vinyl chloride in each inprocess wastewater stream subject to the emission limit prescribed in s. NR 449.06 (5). The mass of vinyl chloride in kilograms per 100 kilograms product in each inprocess wastewater stream shall be determined by using the following equation: where:
CBX is the kg vinyl chloride/100 kg product
Cd is the concentration of vinyl chloride as measured by Method 107
R is the water flow rate in l/hr determined in accordance with a method which has been submitted to and approved by the department
10-6 is the conversion factor for parts per million
Z is the production rate (kg/hr), determined in accordance with a method which has been submitted and approved by the department
NR 449.09(6)(e)(e) The vinyl chloride reactor opening loss for which an emission limit is prescribed in s. NR 449.06 (1) (b) shall be determined. The number of reactors for which the determination shall be made shall be specified by the department for each individual plant at the time of the determination based on the plant’s operation. For a vinyl chloride reactor that is also used as a stripper, the determination may be made immediately following the stripping operation. NR 449.09(6)(e)1.1. Except as provided in subd. 2., the vinyl chloride reactor opening loss shall be determined using the following equation: where:
C is the kg vinyl chloride emissions/kg product
W is the capacity of the vinyl chloride reactor in m3
2.60 is the density of vinyl chloride at one atmosphere and 20°C in kg/m3
10-6 is the conversion factor for ppm
Cb is ppm by volume vinyl chloride as determined by Method 106 of 40 CFR part 61, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (23), or by a portable hydrocarbon detector which measures hydrocarbons with a sensitivity of at least 10 ppm Y is the number of batches since the vinyl chloride reactor was last opened to the atmosphere
Z is the average kg of polyvinyl chloride produced per batch in the batches since the vinyl chloride reactor was last opened to the atmosphere
NR 449.09(6)(e)1.a.a. If Method 106 is used to determine the concentration of vinyl chloride (Cb), the sample shall be withdrawn at a constant rate with a probe of sufficient length to reach the vessel bottom from the manhole. Samples shall be taken for 5 minutes within 6 inches of the vessel bottom, 5 minutes near the vessel center, and 5 minutes near the vessel top. NR 449.09(6)(e)1.b.b. If a portable hydrocarbon detector is used to determine the concentration of vinyl chloride (Cb), a probe of sufficient length to reach the vessel bottom from the service access hole shall be used to make the measurements. One measurement shall be made within 6 inches of the vessel bottom, one near the vessel center and one near the vessel top. Measurements shall be made at each location until the reading is stabilized. All hydrocarbons measured shall be assumed to be vinyl chloride. NR 449.09(6)(e)1.c.c. The production rate of polyvinyl chloride (Z) shall be determined by a method submitted to and approved by the department. NR 449.09(6)(e)2.2. A calculation based on the number of evacuations, the vacuum involved, and the volume of gas in the reactor is hereby approved by the department as an alternative method for determining reactor opening loss for past polymerization reactors in the manufacture of bulk resins. NR 449.09 HistoryHistory: Renum. from NR 154.19 (6) (i) and am. Register, September, 1986, No. 369, eff. 10-1-86; correction in (6) (e) 1. b., made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 5., Stats., Register, May, 1992, No. 437; am. (6) (intro.) (a) (intro.) 3., 4., (b), (c) (intro.) (d) 1. and 2., (e) 1. (intro.), Register, December, 1995, No. 480, eff. 1-1-96. NR 449.10(2)(2) The vinyl chloride monitoring system used to meet the requirement in sub. (1) shall be a device which obtains air samples from one or more points on a continuous sequential basis and analyzes the samples with gas chromatography or, if the owner or operator assumes that all hydrocarbons measured are vinyl chloride, with infrared spectrophotometry, flame ion detection, or an equivalent or alternative method. The vinyl chloride monitoring system used to meet the requirements in s. NR 449.07 (2) (h) 2. may be used to meet the requirements of this section. NR 449.10(3)(3) A daily span check shall be conducted for each vinyl chloride monitoring system used. For all of the emission sources listed in sub. (1), except the one for which an emission limit is prescribed in s. NR 449.04 (2), the daily span check shall be conducted with a concentration of vinyl chloride equal to 10 parts per million. For the emissions source for which an emission limit is prescribed in s. NR 449.04 (2), the daily span check shall be conducted with a concentration of vinyl chloride which is determined to be equivalent to the emission limit for that source based on the emission test required by s. NR 449.09. The calibration shall be done with: NR 449.10(3)(a)(a) A calibration gas mixture prepared from the gases specified in sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 and in accordance with section 7.1 of Method 106 of 40 CFR part 61, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (23), or NR 449.10(3)(b)(b) A calibration gas cylinder standard containing the appropriate concentration of vinyl chloride. The gas composition of the calibration gas cylinder standard shall have been certified by the manufacturer. The manufacturer must have recommended a maximum shelf life for each cylinder so that the concentration does not change greater than plus or minus 5% from the certified value. The date of gas cylinder preparation, certified vinyl chloride concentration and recommended maximum shelf life must have been affixed to the cylinder before shipment from the manufacturer to the buyer. If a gas chromatograph is used as the vinyl chloride monitoring system, these gas mixtures may be directly used to prepare a chromatograph calibration curve as described in section 7.3 of Method 106 of 40 CFR part 61, Appendix B, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (23). The requirements in sections 5.2.3.1 and 5.2.3.2 of Method 106 for certification of cylinder standards and for establishment and verification of calibration standards shall be followed. NR 449.10 HistoryHistory: Renum. from NR 154.19 (6) (j) and am. Register, September, 1986, No. 369, eff. 10-1-86; am. (3) (a) and (b), Register, December, 1995, No. 480, eff. 1-1-96. NR 449.11(1)(1) The owner or operator of any source to which this chapter applies and on which construction or modification is commenced after February 1, 1984 shall notify the department in writing that the equipment and procedural specifications in s. NR 449.07 (2) (a) to (h) are being implemented.
