Chapter NR 428

NR 428.12 History History: CR 08-103: cr. Register August 2009 No. 644, eff. 9-1-09.

subch. IV of ch. NR 428 Subchapter IV — NOX Reasonably Available Control Technology Requirements

NR 428.20 NR 428.20 Applicability and purpose.

NR 428.20(1) (1) Applicability.

NR 428.20(1)(a) (a) The requirements of this subchapter apply to the owner or operator of a NOX emissions unit that is in a source category identified under s. NR 428.22 and that is located at a facility that meets any of the following conditions:

NR 428.20(1)(a)1. 1. The facility is located in the county of Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or Waukesha and the maximum theoretical emissions of NOx from all emission units in all source categories identified under s. NR 428.22 combined is equal to or greater than 100 tpy.

NR 428.20(1)(a)2. 2. The facility is located in an area that is classified as a moderate, serious, severe, or extreme ozone nonattainment area and the maximum theoretical emissions of NOx from all emission units in all source categories identified under s. NR 428.22 combined is equal to or greater than the following:

NR 428.20(1)(a)2.a. a. 100 tpy for moderate ozone nonattainment area.

NR 428.20(1)(a)2.b. b. 50 tpy for serious ozone nonattainment area.

NR 428.20(1)(a)2.c. c. 25 tpy for severe ozone nonattainment area.

NR 428.20(1)(a)2.d. d. 10 tpy for extreme ozone nonattainment area.

NR 428.20(1)(a)3. 3. The facility is located in an area that, at any time on or after July 20, 2012, had been classified as a moderate, serious, severe, or extreme ozone nonattainment area and the maximum theoretical emissions of NOx from all emission units in all source categories identified under s. NR 428.22 combined is equal to or greater than the following:

NR 428.20(1)(a)3.a. a. 100 tpy for former moderate ozone nonattainment area.

NR 428.20(1)(a)3.b. b. 50 tpy for former serious ozone nonattainment area.

NR 428.20(1)(a)3.c. c. 25 tpy for former severe ozone nonattainment area.

NR 428.20(1)(a)3.d. d. 10 tpy for former extreme ozone nonattainment area.

NR 428.20(1)(b) (b) If more than one emission threshold under par. (a) is applicable to the same area due to different ozone standards or a change in nonattainment classification, the lowest applicable emission threshold under par. (a) 2. or 3. applies.

NR 428.20 Note Note: The department maintains materials accessible to the public that show current Wisconsin nonattainment areas and summarizes the applicable permitting requirements for major sources of emissions within these areas.

NR 428.20(1)(c) (c) The requirements of this subchapter remain applicable to each affected unit regardless of any subsequent decrease in maximum theoretical emissions of NOx at the source to a level below the applicable emission thresholds.

NR 428.20(2) (2) Purpose. The purpose of this subchapter is to meet the requirements of sections 172 (c) and 182 (f) of the Act (42 USC 7502 (c) and 7511a (f)) by establishing reasonably available control technology standards for NOx emissions units in areas that are or have ever been classified as moderate, serious, severe, or extreme nonattainment for ozone under sub. (1).

NR 428.20 History History: CR 07-016: cr. Register July 2007 No. 619, eff. 8-1-07; CR 08-103: am. (1) Register August 2009 No. 644, eff. 9-1-09; CR 21-022: renum. (1) to (1) (a) (intro.) and am., cr. (1) (a) 1. to 3., (b), (c), am. (2) Register February 2022 No. 794, eff. 3-1-22; correction in (2) made under s. 35.17, Stats., Register February 2022 No. 794.

NR 428.21 NR 428.21 Emissions unit exceptions. The emissions units described in this section are exempt from the emission limitation requirements of s. NR 428.22, but shall comply with applicable record keeping requirements under s. NR 428.24. Once an emissions unit no longer qualifies for an exemption, the owner or operator of the emissions unit shall comply with the requirements of s. NR 428.22 by December 31 of the following calendar year, unless an alternate date is approved in writing by the department and the administrator.

NR 428.21(1) (1) General exemptions. The following emissions units and processes are exempt from the emission limitations in s. NR 428.22:

NR 428.21(1)(a) (a) Any emissions unit operated only to restart electric generation in the event of a complete loss of facility power.

NR 428.21(1)(b) (b) Any emissions unit which is operated no more than 500 hours per year and no more than 200 hours during the ozone season and whose only purpose is to provide electricity to a facility if normal electricity service is interrupted or to replace normal critical operations at a facility.

NR 428.21(1)(c) (c) Any emissions unit whose only function is to pump water in the case of a fire emergency.

NR 428.21(1)(d) (d) Any emissions unit whose utilization is less than 10% of its capacity factor on an annual average basis over a 3-year rolling period and less than 20% of its capacity factor in any year of the 3-year rolling period and which is owned or operated by an electric generation utility or gas transmission utility.

NR 428.21(1)(e) (e) A research or development unit.

NR 428.21(1)(f) (f) An engine testing operation or process line.

NR 428.21(1)(g) (g) Any gaseous fuel fired unit used to control VOC emissions from a commercial or industrial process.

NR 428.21(2) (2) Low operating unit. An emissions unit described in s. NR 428.20 is exempt from the emission limitations of s. NR 428.22 if, during each ozone season, the emissions unit’s utilization based on actual measured heat input or output is less than the utilization threshold for the source category according to the following equation:

UUi < (Category capacity ) x (3,672 hours / Ozone Season ) x Capacity Factor     Equation 1

where:

UUi is the unit’s actual fuel consumption or output in measurement units consistent with the calculated utilization threshold for the source category in s. NR 428.22

Category capacity is the lower value in the range of unit capacity or design output used to describe the unit’s source category i in s. NR 428.22

Capacity factor is 0.20 for all source categories in s. NR 428.22

NR 428.21(2m) (2m) Reciprocating engines. Any reciprocating engine that is certified to meet the applicable federal non-road engine emission standards specified in this subsection is exempt from the emission limitations of s. NR 428.22 (1) (i):

NR 428.21(2m)(a) (a) A reciprocating compression ignition engine that is certified as meeting Tier 1 requirements as specified in 40 CFR part 89, if one of the following applies:

NR 428.21(2m)(a)1. 1. The engine has a maximum design power output of less than 2,000 horsepower.

NR 428.21(2m)(a)2. 2. The engine has a maximum design power output equal to or greater than 2,000 horsepower and has a total utilization during each ozone season of less than 1.5 million horsepower-hours, based on actual measured output.

NR 428.21(2m)(b) (b) A reciprocating compression ignition engine that is certified as meeting the Tier 2 standard, as specified in 40 CFR part 89, or a reciprocating compression ignition engine that is certified as meeting the requirements of a more stringent Tier standard, as specified in 40 CFR part 89 or 1039.

NR 428.21(2m)(c) (c) A reciprocating spark ignition engine that is certified as meeting the Tier 1 standard or a reciprocating spark ignition engine that is certified as meeting a more stringent Tier standard, as specified in 40 CFR part 1048.

NR 428.21(3) (3) Other regulated unit. An emissions unit is exempt from the emission limitations under s. NR 428.22 if it meets all of the following conditions:

NR 428.21(3)(a) (a) The emissions unit does not emit more than 75 tons of NOx per year due to a physical operating constraint or a federally enforceable condition in an air permit.

NR 428.21(3)(b) (b) The emissions unit is located in a facility subject to the applicability thresholds specified under s. NR 428.20 (1) (a) 1., 2. a., or 3. a.

NR 428.21(3)(c) (c) The emissions unit is subject to and meeting an emission limitation under s. NR 428.04 (2) or 428.05 (3).

NR 428.21(3)(d) (d) The emissions unit was constructed prior to August 1, 2007.

NR 428.21 History History: CR 07-016: cr. Register July 2007 No. 619, eff. 8-1-07; CR 21-022: am. (3) (intro.), (a), (b), cr. (3) (c) Register February 2022 No. 794, eff. 3-1-22; correction in (3) (intro.) made under s. 35.17, Stats., Register February 2022 No. 794; CR 23-017: cr. (3) (d) Register March 2024 No. 819, eff. 4-1-24.

NR 428.22 NR 428.22 Emission limitation requirements.

NR 428.22(1) (1) Emission limits. Except as provided under subs. (2) and (3), on or after May 1, 2009, no person may cause, allow, or permit NOX to be emitted in excess of the following emission limitations on a 30-day rolling average basis:

NR 428.22(1)(a) (a) Boilers.

NR 428.22(1)(a)1. 1. For a solid fuel-fired boiler with a maximum heat input capacity equal to or greater than 1,000 mmBtu per hour, one of the following, as applicable:

NR 428.22(1)(a)1.a. a. If tangential, wall, cyclone or fluidized bed-fired, 0.10 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)1.b. b. If arch-fired, 0.18 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)2. 2. For a solid fuel-fired boiler with a maximum heat input capacity equal to or greater than 500 mmBtu per hour and less than 1,000 mmBtu per hour, one of the following, as applicable:

NR 428.22(1)(a)2.a. a. If tangential-fired, 0.15 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)2.b. b. If wall-fired with a heat release rate equal to or greater than 17,000 Btu per cubic feet per hour, 0.17 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)2.c. c. If wall-fired with a heat release rate less than 17,000 Btu per cubic feet per hour, 0.15 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)2.d. d. If cyclone-fired, 0.15 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)2.e. e. If arch-fired, 0.18 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)2.f. f. If fluidized bed-fired, 0.10 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)3. 3. For a solid fuel-fired boiler with a maximum heat input capacity equal to or greater than 250 mmBtu per hour and less than 500 mmBtu per hour, one of the following, as applicable:

NR 428.22(1)(a)3.a. a. If tangential-fired, 0.15 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)3.b. b. If wall-fired with a heat release rate equal to or greater than 17,000 Btu per cubic feet per hour, 0.17 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)3.c. c. If wall-fired with a heat release rate less than 17,000 Btu per cubic feet per hour, 0.15 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)3.d. d. If cyclone-fired, 0.15 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)3.f. f. If arch-fired, 0.18 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)3.g. g. If fluidized bed-fired, 0.10 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)3.h. h. If stoker-fired, 0.20 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)4. 4. For a solid fuel-fired boiler with a maximum heat input capacity equal to or greater than 50 mmBtu per hour and less than 250 mmBtu per hour, one of the following, as applicable:

NR 428.22(1)(a)4.a. a. If tangential-fired, 0.15 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)4.b. b. If wall-fired with a heat release rate equal to or greater than 17,000 Btu per cubic feet per hour, 0.17 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)4.c. c. If wall-fired with a heat release rate less than 17,000 Btu per cubic feet per hour, 0.15 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)4.d. d. If cyclone-fired, 0.15 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)4.e. e. If fluidized bed-fired, 0.10 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)4.f. f. If stoker-fired, 0.25 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)5. 5. For a gaseous fuel-fired boiler with a maximum heat input capacity equal to or greater than 100 mmBtu per hour, 0.08 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)6. 6. For a distillate fuel oil-fired boiler with a maximum heat input capacity equal to or greater than 100 mmBtu per hour, 0.10 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(a)7. 7. For a residual fuel oil-fired boiler with a maximum heat input capacity equal to or greater than 65 mmBtu per hour, 0.15 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(b) (b) Lime kilns. For a lime kiln with a maximum heat input capacity equal to or greater than 50 mmBtu per hour, one of the following as applicable:

NR 428.22(1)(b)1. 1. For a gaseous fuel-fired unit, 0.10 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(b)2. 2. For a distillate oil-fired unit, 0.12 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(b)3. 3. For a residual oil-fired unit, 0.15 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(b)4. 4. For a coal-fired unit, 0.60 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(b)5. 5. For a coke-fired unit, 0.70 pound per mmBtu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(c) (c) Reheat, annealing or galvanizing furnaces. For a reheat, annealing or galvanizing furnace with a maximum heat input capacity equal to or greater than 75 mmBtu per hour, 0.08 pounds per million Btu of heat input.

NR 428.22(1)(d) (d) Glass furnaces.

NR 428.22(1)(d)1. 1. For a glass manufacturing furnace with a maximum heat input capacity equal to or greater than 50 mmBtu per hour, 2.0 pounds per ton of produced glass, except as provided in subd. 2.

NR 428.22(1)(d)2. 2. When, on a daily basis, a glass furnace is operated at less than 25% of glass production capacity, the owner or operator shall operate the furnace according to the combustion optimization requirements of s. NR 439.096 and shall meet the monitoring requirements of s. NR 428.05 (2) (e).