Chapter NR 422

NR 422.14(4)(b) (b) Cleaning devices and methods requirements. Except as provided under par. (d), the owner or operator of a facility shall comply with the following requirements associated with the identified cleaning devices or methods when using solvents or solvent solutions:

NR 422.14(4)(b)1. 1. Physically rub a surface with a porous applicator such as a rag, paper, sponge, or a cotton swab moistened with solvent or solvent solution.

NR 422.14(4)(b)2. 2. Closed containers or hand held spray bottles from which solvents or solvent solutions are applied without a propellant-induced force.

NR 422.14(4)(b)3. 3. Cleaning equipment which has a solvent or solvent solution container that is closed during cleaning operations, except when depositing and removing objects to be cleaned, and is closed during non-operation with the exception of maintenance and repair to the cleaning equipment itself.

NR 422.14(4)(b)4. 4. A remote reservoir cleaner operated in compliance with all of the following requirements:

NR 422.14(4)(b)4.a. a. Solvent vapors are prevented from escaping from the solvent or solvent solution container by using devices such as a cover or a valve when the remote reservoir is not being used, cleaned, or repaired.

NR 422.14(4)(b)4.b. b. Flow is directed in a manner that prevents solvent or solvent solution from splashing outside of the remote reservoir cleaner.

NR 422.14(4)(b)4.c. c. The cleaner is not used for cleaning porous or absorbent materials, such as cloth, leather, wood, or rope.

NR 422.14(4)(b)4.d. d. Only solvent or solvent solution containers free of all liquid leaks are used. Auxiliary equipment, such as pumps, pipelines, or flanges, may not have any liquid leaks, visible tears, or cracks. Any liquid leak, visible tear, or crack detected shall be repaired within one calendar day, or the leaking section of the remote reservoir cleaner shall be drained of all solvents or solvent solutions and shut down until it is replaced or repaired.

NR 422.14(4)(b)5. 5. A non-atomized flow method where the used solvents or solvent solutions are collected in a container or a collection system which is closed, except for the solvent or solvent solution collection openings that may be open when filling or emptying, or the opening caused by use of a pressure relief valve.

NR 422.14(4)(b)6. 6. A flushing method where the used solvents or solvent solutions are discharged into a container which is closed, except for the solvent or solvent solution collection openings that may be open when filling or emptying, or the opening caused by use of a pressure relief valve. The discharged solvents or solvent solutions shall be collected into containers without atomizing into the open air.

NR 422.14(4)(c) (c) Storage and disposal. The owner or operator of a facility shall store all solvents or solvent solutions used in industrial cleaning operations in non-absorbent, non-leaking containers which shall be kept covered except when filling or emptying. Cloth and paper moistened with solvents or solvent solutions shall be stored in covered, non-absorbent, non-leaking containers.

NR 422.14(4)(d) (d) Control equipment. In lieu of complying with the requirements in pars. (a) and (b), the owner or operator of a facility may use a VOC emission control system to control VOC emissions from the industrial cleaning operations at the facility provided one of the following requirements is met:

NR 422.14(4)(d)1. 1. The emission control system has a minimum overall emission reduction efficiency of 85% for VOC emissions, as determined in accordance with s. NR 439.06 (3) (am).

NR 422.14(4)(d)2. 2. The emission control system has a minimum VOC capture efficiency of 90% and an output of VOC emissions of less than 50 ppm calculated as carbon, not including methane and ethane, with no dilution, as determined in accordance with s. NR 439.06 (3) (a).

NR 422.14(4)(e) (e) General prohibitions. The owner or operator of a facility may not atomize any solvent or solvent solution unless the resulting VOC emissions are controlled by an air pollution control system that meets one of the requirements of par. (d).

NR 422.14(4)(f) (f) Alternative compliance option. In lieu of complying with the requirements in par. (a), the owner or operator of a facility may use solvents or solvent solutions for industrial cleaning operations which have a VOC composite partial vapor pressure of less than or equal to 8 mm of Hg at 20°C.

NR 422.14(5) (5) Recordkeeping. In addition to the applicable recordkeeping requirements in s. NR 439.04, the owner or operator of any packaging rotogravure, publication rotogravure or flexographic printing facility shall collect and record the applicable information specified in this subsection. The information shall be maintained at the facility for a minimum of 5 years and shall be made available to a department representative at any time during normal working hours. The information required is:

NR 422.14(5)(a) (a) For each operation that is exempt under sub. (1m) (c), the daily quantity in fluid ounces of VOC-containing aerosol product used for industrial cleaning operations.

NR 422.14(5)(b) (b) For each operation that is subject to sub. (4), the following information as appropriate:

NR 422.14(5)(b)1. 1. The name and identification of each cleaning material and the associated solvent cleaning activity.

NR 422.14(5)(b)2. 2. The VOC content of each cleaning material, in pounds per gallon of material, as employed or the VOC composite partial vapor pressure of the solvents or solvent solutions used in industrial cleaning operations.

NR 422.14(5)(b)3. 3. For any operation subject to sub. (4) (d), the results of any testing conducted as required under sub. (4) (d).

NR 422.14 History History: Renum. from NR 154.13 (2) (l) and am. Register, September, 1986, No. 369, eff. 10-1-86; am. (2) (intro.), Register, February, 1990, No. 410, eff. 3-1-90; am. (2) (a), (c) 2. and 3., (3) (intro.), (b) and (c), Register, December, 1993, No. 456, eff. 1-1-94; am. (2) (c) (intro.), 3., Register, December, 1995, No. 480, eff. 1-1-96; am. (2) (intro.), (a) and (b), Register, October, 1999, No. 526, eff. 11-1-99; CR 11-005: renum. (1) to be (1) (a) (intro.) and am., cr. (1) (a) 1., 2., (b), (1m), (4), (5) Register January 2012 No. 673, eff. 2-1-12; CR 20-088: am. (1m) (intro.) Register May 2022 No. 797, eff. 6-1-22.

NR 422.141 NR 422.141 Flexible package printing.

NR 422.141(1) (1) Applicability.

NR 422.141(1)(a) (a) Subsection (3) applies to the owner or operator of a flexible packaging press located in the county of Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or Waukesha if VOC emissions from all flexible packaging printing presses and related flexible packaging cleaning activities at the facility, before consideration of controls, equal or exceed 3 tons on a 12 consecutive month rolling basis. When determining the VOC emissions for applicability under this paragraph, the VOC emissions from the cleaning of electronic components of a flexible packaging press, pre-press and post-press cleaning operations and the use of janitorial supplies used to clean around a flexible packaging press are excluded. In addition, the VOC emissions from solvents used in cold cleaners are excluded for applicability purposes.

NR 422.141(1)(b) (b) Subsection (2) applies to the owner or operator of a facility located in the county of Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or Waukesha that operates a flexible packaging press that has maximum theoretical emissions of VOC equal to or greater than 25 tons per year from inks, coatings and adhesives combined, from the press dryer. For a flexible packaging press subject to sub. (2) and also to s. NR 422.14 (2), compliance with sub. (2) shall satisfy compliance with s. NR 422.14 (2).

NR 422.141(2) (2) Emission limitations. On and after May 1, 2010, no owner or operator of a flexible packaging press subject to this subsection may operate, or cause, allow or permit the operation of the press unless the owner or operator does one of the following:

NR 422.141(2)(a) (a) Installs and operates a vapor recovery system, incinerator or catalytic oxidation system to control VOC emissions. The overall VOC emission reduction efficiency of any capture system and control device, as measured across the entire control system, shall be at least:

NR 422.141(2)(a)1. 1. 65% by weight for a flexible packaging press that was first installed prior to March 14, 1995 and that is controlled by a control device that was installed prior to August 1, 2009. VOC emissions from an incinerator or catalytic oxidation system shall be measured as carbon.

NR 422.141(2)(a)2. 2. 70% by weight for a flexible packaging press that was first installed prior to March 14, 1995 and that is controlled by a control device that was first installed on or after August 1, 2009. VOC emissions from either an incinerator or catalytic oxidation system shall be measured as carbon.

NR 422.141(2)(a)3. 3. 75% by weight for a flexible packaging press that was first installed on or after March 14, 1995 and that is controlled by a control device that was first installed prior to August 1, 2009. VOC emissions from an incinerator or catalytic oxidation system shall be measured as carbon.

NR 422.141(2)(a)4. 4. 80% by weight of VOCs for a flexible packaging press that was first installed on or after March 14, 1995 and that is controlled by a control device that was first installed on or after August 1, 2009. VOC emissions from an incinerator or catalytic oxidation system shall be measured as carbon.

NR 422.141 Note Note: With regard to use of the phrase “first installed” in this paragraph, the first installation date for a piece of equipment does not change if the equipment is later moved to a new location. For example, if a brand new press first installed in 1992 is moved to a new location in 1998, the first installation date is still 1992.

NR 422.141(2)(b) (b) Uses inks, coatings and adhesives that do not exceed one of the following VOC content limits:

NR 422.141(2)(b)1. 1. 0.8 kg VOC/kg solids (0.8 lb VOC /lb solids) applied.

NR 422.141(2)(b)2. 2. 0.16 kg VOC/kg material (0.16 lb VOC/lb material) applied.

NR 422.141(3) (3) Work practices. On and after November 1, 2009, the owner or operator of a flexible packaging press subject to this subsection shall store all solvents, solvent solutions, and any applicator moistened with solvents or solvent solutions that are used in cleaning operations related to flexible packaging printing in covered non-absorbent, non-leaking containers, except when filling or emptying the container and shall convey VOC-containing cleaning material in closed containers or pipes.

NR 422.141 History History: CR 08-102: cr. Register July 2009 No. 643, eff. 8-1-09.

NR 422.142 NR 422.142 Lithographic printing — part 1.

NR 422.142(1) (1) Applicability.

NR 422.142(1)(a) (a) This section applies to all lithographic printing presses at any facility that is located in Kewaunee or Manitowoc county, was constructed before July 1, 2019, and has maximum theoretical emissions of VOCs from all lithographic printing presses at the facility greater than or equal to 755.7 kilograms (1666 pounds) in any month.

NR 422.142(1)(b) (b) To determine VOC emissions under par. (a), the VOC content of a lithographic ink shall be multiplied by 0.8 for a heatset ink, or multiplied by 0.05 for a non-heatset ink, to account for VOC retention on the substrate.

NR 422.142(1m) (1m) Retention factors and capture efficiencies. For purposes of determining VOC emissions from offset lithographic printing operations, the following retention factors and capture efficiencies may be used:

NR 422.142(1m)(a) (a) A 20% VOC retention factor for heatset inks printed on absorptive substrates, meaning 80% of the VOC in the ink is emitted during the printing process and is available for capture and control by an add-on pollution control device.

NR 422.142(1m)(b) (b) A 95% VOC retention factor for sheet-fed and non-heatset web inks printed on absorptive substrates, meaning 5% of the VOC in the ink is emitted during the printing process.

NR 422.142(1m)(c) (c) A 50% VOC retention factor for cleaning solution in shop towels where the composite partial vapor pressure of the VOC in the cleaning solution is less than 10 mm of Hg at 20°C (68°F) and the cleaning solution and contaminated shop towels are kept in closed containers, meaning 50% of the VOC used on the shop towels is emitted during the cleaning process.

NR 422.142(1m)(d) (d) A 100% VOC capture efficiency for inks. All the VOC in the ink that is not retained is assumed to be volatilized in the press dryer. Capture efficiency testing for heatset dryers is not required if it is demonstrated that pressure in the dryer is negative relative to the surrounding press room and the airflow is into the dryer.

NR 422.142(1m)(e) (e) A 70% VOC capture efficiency for fountain solutions containing alcohol substitutes.

NR 422.142(1m)(f) (f) A 40% VOC capture efficiency for automatic blanket or roller wash, as defined in s. NR 422.02 (7c), where the VOC composite partial vapor pressure of the automatic blanket or roller wash is less than 10 mm of Hg at 20°C (68°F).

NR 422.142(2) (2) Emission limitations.

NR 422.142(2)(a) (a) Dryer exhaust. Any person who owns or operates a heatset web lithographic printing press shall maintain the dryer pressure lower than the press room pressure at all points inside the dryer, and shall:

NR 422.142(2)(a)1. 1. Reduce VOC emissions from the press dryer exhaust by 90% by weight of total organics, minus methane and ethane, or maintain a maximum dryer exhaust outlet concentration of 20 ppmv, as carbon.

NR 422.142(2)(a)2. 2. If the dryer exhaust is controlled by a catalytic incinerator installed or modified before January 1, 1982, reduce VOC emissions from the press dryer exhaust by 85% by weight of total organics, minus methane and ethane.

NR 422.142(2)(b) (b) Fountain solutions.

NR 422.142(2)(b)1. 1. ‘Heatset web presses.’ Any person who owns or operates a heatset web lithographic printing press shall, when printing on a substrate other than metal, metal-foil or plastic, use a fountain solution which has a VOC content as applied of no more than one of the following:

NR 422.142(2)(b)1.a. a. 1.6% by weight if the fountain solution contains any restricted alcohol and is not refrigerated to 60°F or less.

NR 422.142(2)(b)1.b. b. 3.0% by weight if the fountain solution contains any restricted alcohol and is refrigerated to 60°F or less.

NR 422.142(2)(b)1.c. c. 5.0% by weight if the fountain solution contains no restricted alcohol.

NR 422.142(2)(b)2. 2. ‘Non-heatset web presses.’ Any person who owns or operates a non-heatset web lithographic printing press shall, when printing on a substrate other than metal, metal-foil or plastic, use a fountain solution which has a VOC content as applied of no more than 5.0% by weight and which contains no restricted alcohol.

NR 422.142(2)(b)3. 3. ‘Sheet-fed presses.’ Any person who owns or operates a sheet-fed lithographic printing press shall, when printing on a substrate other than metal, metal-foil or plastic, use a fountain solution which has a VOC content as applied of no more than one of the following:

NR 422.142(2)(b)3.a. a. 5.0% by weight.

NR 422.142(2)(b)3.b. b. 8.5% by weight if the fountain solution is refrigerated to 60°F or less.

NR 422.142(2)(b)4. 4. ‘Metal, metal-foil or plastic substrates.’ Any person who owns or operates any lithographic printing press shall, when printing on a metal, metal-foil or plastic substrate, use a fountain solution which has a VOC content as applied of no more than one of the following:

NR 422.142(2)(b)4.a. a. 13.5% by weight if the fountain solution contains any restricted alcohol and is refrigerated to 60°F or less.

NR 422.142(2)(b)4.b. b. Not more than that allowed under subd. 1. a. or c., 2., or 3. a., as appropriate for the type of press operated.

NR 422.142(2)(c) (c) Cleaning solutions.

NR 422.142(2)(c)1. 1. Except as provided in subd. 2., any person who owns or operates any lithographic printing press shall use a cleaning solution which, as applied, has any of the following:

NR 422.142(2)(c)1.a. a. A VOC content of no greater than 70% by weight.

NR 422.142(2)(c)1.b. b. A VOC composite partial vapor pressure of less than or equal to 10 mm of Hg at 20°C (68°F).

NR 422.142(2)(c)2. 2. The owner or operator of a facility may use a cleaning solution that does not meet the emission limitations of subd. 1., provided the amount used at the facility under this subdivision over any 12 consecutive months does not exceed any of the following:

NR 422.142(2)(c)2.a. a. If the facility does not print on a plastic substrate, 55 gallons.

NR 422.142(2)(c)2.b. b. If the facility does print on a plastic substrate, 165 gallons.

NR 422.142(3) (3) Monitoring requirements.

NR 422.142(3)(a) (a) The owner or operator of any lithographic printing press shall monitor at least once each 8-hour shift the temperature of each fountain solution reservoir for any fountain solution subject to sub. (2) (b) 1. b., 3. b., or 4. a.

NR 422.142(3)(b) (b) The owner or operator of any lithographic printing press subject to the VOC control device requirements of sub. (2) (a) shall comply with the monitoring requirements in s. NR 422.143 (5) (b).

NR 422.142(4) (4) Recordkeeping requirements. In addition to the applicable recordkeeping requirements in s. NR 439.04, the owner or operator of any lithographic printing press shall collect and record the applicable information specified in this subsection. The information shall be maintained at the facility for a minimum of 5 years and shall be made available to an authorized department representative at any time during normal working hours. The information required is all of the following:

NR 422.142(4)(a) (a) For a heatset web lithographic printing press using a control device, all of the following:

NR 422.142(4)(a)1. 1. Temperature monitoring data for the control device in accordance with sub. (3) (b) for each day of operation.

NR 422.142(4)(a)2. 2. A log or record of any time when the control device or control device monitoring equipment is offline while the associated printing line is in operation.

NR 422.142(4)(a)3. 3. A maintenance log for the control device and monitoring equipment detailing all maintenance performed and including dates and duration of any outages.

NR 422.142(4)(a)4. 4. Annual inspection results for catalytic oxidizers.

NR 422.142(4)(b) (b) For fountain solutions monitored under sub. (3), the fountain solution reservoir temperature for each 8-hour shift of operation.

NR 422.142(4)(c) (c) For each fountain solution used, the percent by weight VOC content as applied, and the chemical name of each restricted alcohol.

NR 422.142(4)(d) (d) For each cleaning solution prepared, the percent by weight VOC content or the VOC composite partial vapor pressure as applied.

NR 422.142(4)(e) (e) For each month of operation, the volume of all cleaning solutions used that do not meet the emission limitations of sub. (2) (c) 1., as allowed under sub. (2) (c) 2.

NR 422.142(5) (5) Compliance testing.

NR 422.142(5)(a) (a) The owner or operator of a heatset web lithographic printing press shall demonstrate compliance with the appropriate destruction efficiency or emission rate in sub. (2) (a) by performing compliance emission tests on each control device. The initial emission tests shall be performed by the compliance deadline in sub. (6) (a). Each emission test shall follow the methods and procedures listed in s. NR 439.07. Method 18, 25 or 25A in 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s. NR 484.04 (16), (19) and (20), shall be used to determine the VOC concentration at the sampling points. Method 25A may not be used if the outlet VOC concentration is greater than 100 ppmv, as carbon. When determining the VOC concentration, the probe must be heated during testing to at least the exhaust gas stream temperature.