NR 408.11(2)(e)(e) “PAL major modification” means, notwithstanding s. NR 408.02 (20) and (23), any physical change in, or change in the method of operation of the PAL source that causes it to emit the PAL regulated air contaminant at a level equal to or greater than the PAL. NR 408.11(2)(f)(f) “PAL permit” means the construction permit issued by the department that establishes a PAL for a major stationary source. NR 408.11(2)(g)(g) “PAL regulated air contaminant” means the regulated NSR air contaminant for which a PAL is established at a major stationary source. NR 408.11(2)(h)(h) “Significant emissions unit” means an emissions unit that emits or has the potential to emit a PAL regulated air contaminant in an amount that is equal to or greater than the significant level, as defined in s. NR 408.02 (32) or in the Act, whichever is lower, for that PAL regulated air contaminant, but less than the amount that would qualify the unit as a major emissions unit. NR 408.11(2)(i)(i) “Small emissions unit” means an emissions unit that emits or has the potential to emit the PAL regulated air contaminant in an amount less than the significant level for that PAL regulated air contaminant, as defined in s. NR 408.02 (32) or in the Act, whichever is lower. NR 408.11(3)(3) Permit application requirements. As part of a permit application requesting a PAL, the owner or operator of a major stationary source shall submit all of the following information to the department for approval: NR 408.11(3)(a)(a) A list of all emissions units at the source designated as small, significant or major based on their potential to emit. In addition, the owner or operator of the source shall indicate which, if any, federal or state applicable requirements, emission limitations or work practices apply to each unit. NR 408.11(3)(b)(b) Calculations of the baseline actual emissions with supporting documentation. Baseline actual emissions shall include emissions associated not only with operation of the unit, but also emissions associated with startup, shutdown and malfunction. NR 408.11(3)(c)(c) The calculation procedures that the major stationary source owner or operator proposes to use to convert the monitoring system data to monthly emissions and annual emissions based on a 12-month rolling total for each month as required by sub. (13) (a). NR 408.11(4)(a)(a) The department may establish a PAL at a major stationary source if all of the following requirements are met: NR 408.11(4)(a)1.1. The PAL imposes an annual emission limitation in tons per year, that is enforceable as a practical matter, for the entire major stationary source. For each month during the PAL effective period after the first 12 months of establishing a PAL, the major stationary source owner or operator shall show that the sum of the monthly emissions from each emissions unit under the PAL for the previous 12 consecutive months is less than the PAL. For each month during the first 11 months from the PAL effective date, the major stationary source owner or operator shall show that the sum of the preceding monthly emissions from the PAL effective date for each emissions unit under the PAL is less than the PAL. NR 408.11(4)(a)2.2. The PAL is established in a PAL permit that meets the public participation requirements in sub. (5). NR 408.11(4)(a)4.4. The PAL includes fugitive emissions, to the extent quantifiable, from all emissions units that emit or have the potential to emit the PAL regulated air contaminant at the major stationary source. NR 408.11(4)(a)7.7. The owner or operator of the major stationary source with a PAL complies with the monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting requirements provided in subs. (12) to (14) for each emissions unit under the PAL through the PAL effective period. NR 408.11(4)(b)(b) At no time during or after the PAL effective period are emissions reductions of a PAL regulated air contaminant that occur during the PAL effective period creditable as decreases for purposes of offsets under s. NR 408.06 unless the PAL is reduced by the amount of the emissions reductions and the reductions would be creditable in the absence of the PAL. NR 408.11(5)(5) Public participation requirements for PALs. PALs shall be established, renewed or increased through a procedure that is consistent with s. NR 408.09. This includes the requirement that the department provide the public with notice of the proposed approval of a PAL permit and at least a 30-day period for submittal of public comment. The department shall address all material comments before taking final action on the permit. NR 408.11(6)(a)(a) The PAL level shall be established as the sum of the baseline actual emissions, as defined in s. NR 408.02 (2m), of the PAL regulated air contaminant for each emissions unit at the source; plus an amount equal to the applicable significant level for the PAL regulated air contaminant under s. NR 408.02 (32) or under the Act, whichever is lower. NR 408.11(6)(b)(b) When establishing the PAL level, for a PAL regulated air contaminant, only one consecutive 24-month period may be used to determine the baseline actual emissions for all existing emissions units. NR 408.11(6)(c)(c) A different consecutive 24-month period may be used for each different PAL regulated air contaminant. NR 408.11(6)(d)(d) Emissions associated with units that were permanently shut down after the 24-month period established under par. (b) shall be subtracted from the PAL level. NR 408.11(6)(e)(e) For newly constructed units, which do not include modifications to existing units, on which actual construction began after the 24-month period, in lieu of adding the baseline actual emissions established under par. (b), the emissions shall be added to the PAL level in an amount equal to the potential to emit of the units. NR 408.11(6)(f)(f) The department shall specify a reduced PAL level in the PAL permit to become effective on the future compliance date of any applicable federal or state regulatory requirements that the department is aware of prior to issuance of the PAL permit. NR 408.11 NoteNote: If the source owner or operator will be required to reduce emissions from industrial boilers in half from baseline emissions of 60 ppm NOX to a new rule limit of 30 ppm, the permit shall contain a future effective PAL level that is equal to the current PAL level reduced by half of the original baseline emissions of the unit.
NR 408.11(7)(7) Contents of the PAL permit. The PAL permit shall contain all of the following information: NR 408.11(7)(a)(a) The PAL regulated air contaminant and the corresponding plant-wide emission limitation in tons per year. NR 408.11(7)(b)(b) The PAL effective date and the expiration date of the PAL. NR 408.11(7)(c)(c) A specification that if the owner or operator applies to renew a PAL in accordance with sub. (10) before the end of the PAL effective period, the PAL does not expire at the end of the PAL effective period, but shall remain in effect until a revised PAL permit is issued by the department. NR 408.11(7)(d)(d) A requirement that emission calculations for compliance purposes include emissions from startups, shutdowns and malfunctions. NR 408.11(7)(e)(e) A requirement that, once the PAL expires, the major stationary source is subject to the requirements of sub. (9). NR 408.11(7)(f)(f) The calculation procedures that the owner or operator shall use to convert the monitoring system data to monthly emissions and annual emissions based on a 12-month rolling total for each month as required by sub. (13) (a). NR 408.11(7)(g)(g) A requirement that the owner or operator monitor all emissions units in accordance with the provisions under sub. (12). NR 408.11(7)(h)(h) A requirement to retain the records required under sub. (13) on site. Records may be retained in an electronic format. NR 408.11(7)(i)(i) A requirement to submit the reports required under sub. (14) by the required deadlines. NR 408.11(7)(j)(j) Any other requirements that the department deems necessary to implement and enforce the PAL. NR 408.11(8)(8) PAL effective period and reopening of the PAL permit. NR 408.11(8)(a)(a) PAL effective period. The department shall specify a PAL effective period of 10 years. NR 408.11(8)(b)1.1. During the PAL effective period, the department shall reopen and revise the PAL permit to do any of the following: NR 408.11(8)(b)1.a.a. Correct typographical errors in the PAL permit or correct calculation errors made in setting the PAL or reflect a more accurate determination of emissions used to establish the PAL. NR 408.11(8)(b)1.b.b. Reduce the PAL if the owner or operator of the major stationary source creates creditable emissions reductions for use as offsets under this chapter. NR 408.11(8)(b)2.2. The department may reopen and revise the PAL permit to do any of the following: NR 408.11(8)(b)2.a.a. Reduce the PAL to reflect newly applicable federal requirements with compliance dates after the PAL effective date. NR 408.11(8)(b)2.b.b. Reduce the PAL consistent with any other requirement that is enforceable as a practical matter, and that the department may impose on the major stationary source. NR 408.11(8)(b)2.c.c. Reduce the PAL if the department determines that a reduction is necessary to avoid causing or contributing to a violation of an NAAQS or a PSD increment violation, or to an adverse impact on an AQRV that has been identified for a federal class I area by a federal land manager and for which information is available to the general public. NR 408.11(8)(b)3.3. Except for the permit reopening in subd. 1. a. for the correction of typographical or calculation errors that do not increase the PAL level, all reopenings shall be carried out in accordance with the public participation requirements of sub. (5). NR 408.11(9)(9) Expiration of a PAL. Any PAL that is not renewed in accordance with the procedures in sub. (10) shall expire at the end of the PAL effective period, and the following requirements shall apply: NR 408.11(9)(a)(a) For each emissions unit, or each group of emissions units, that existed under the PAL, the owner or operator shall comply with an allowable emission limitation under a revised permit established according to the following procedures: NR 408.11(9)(a)1.1. Within the time frame specified for PAL renewals in sub. (10) (b), the major stationary source shall submit a proposed allowable emission limitation for each emissions unit or each group of emissions units, if a grouping is more appropriate as determined by the department, by distributing the PAL allowable emissions for the major stationary source among each of the emissions units that existed under the PAL. If the PAL had not yet been adjusted for an applicable requirement that became effective during the PAL effective period, as required under sub. (10) (e), the distribution shall be made as if the PAL had been adjusted. NR 408.11(9)(a)2.2. Based upon the information submitted under subd. 1., the department shall determine whether and how the PAL allowable emissions will be distributed and issue a revised permit under s. NR 406.035 incorporating allowable limits for each emissions unit, or each group of emissions units, as the department determines is appropriate. NR 408.11(9)(b)(b) The owner or operator of each emissions unit or group of emissions units shall comply with the allowable emission limitation on a 12-month rolling basis. The department may approve the use of monitoring systems, such as source testing, emission factors, etc., other than CEMS, CERMS, PEMS or CPMS to demonstrate compliance with the allowable emission limitation. NR 408.11(9)(c)(c) Until the department issues the revised permit incorporating allowable limits for each emissions unit, or each group of emissions units, as required under par. (a) 2., the owner or operator shall continue to comply with a source-wide, multi-unit emissions cap equivalent to the level of the PAL emission limitation. NR 408.11(9)(d)(d) Any physical change or change in the method of operation at the major stationary source shall be subject to the requirements of this chapter if the change constitutes a major modification. NR 408.11(9)(e)(e) The owner or operator shall continue to comply with any state or federal applicable requirements, such as BACT, RACT or NSPS, that may have applied either during the PAL effective period or prior to the PAL effective period except for those emission limitations that had been established pursuant to s. NR 408.10 (4), but were eliminated by the PAL in accordance with the provisions in sub. (1) (c) 3. NR 408.11(10)(a)(a) The department shall follow the procedures specified in sub. (5) in approving any request to renew a PAL and shall provide both the proposed PAL level and a written rationale for the proposed PAL level to the public for review and comment. During the public review, any person may propose a PAL level for the source for consideration by the department. NR 408.11(10)(b)(b) The owner or operator shall submit a timely application to the department to request renewal of a PAL. A timely application is one that is submitted at least 6 months prior to, but not earlier than 18 months from, the date of expiration of the PAL. If the owner or operator submits a complete application to renew the PAL within this time period, the PAL shall continue to be effective until the revised permit with the renewed PAL is issued. NR 408.11(10)(c)(c) The application to renew a PAL permit shall contain all of the following information: NR 408.11(10)(c)3.3. The sum of the potential to emit of all emissions units under the PAL, with supporting documentation. NR 408.11(10)(c)4.4. Any other information the owner or operator wishes the department to consider in determining the appropriate level for renewing the PAL. NR 408.11(10)(d)(d) In determining whether and how to adjust the PAL, the department shall consider the options outlined in subds. 1. and 2. However, in no case may any adjustment fail to comply with subd. 3. The adjustment options, and requirements, are as follows: NR 408.11(10)(d)1.1. If the emissions level calculated in accordance with sub. (6) is equal to or greater than 80% of the existing PAL level, the department may renew the PAL at the same level without considering the factors in subd. 2. NR 408.11(10)(d)2.2. The department may set the PAL at a level that it determines to be more representative of the source’s baseline actual emissions, or that it determines to be appropriate considering air quality needs, advances in control technology, anticipated economic growth in the area, desire to reward or encourage the source’s voluntary emissions reductions, or other factors as specifically identified by the department in a written rationale. NR 408.11(10)(d)3.3. Notwithstanding subds. 1. and 2., if the potential to emit of the major stationary source is less than the PAL, the department shall adjust the PAL to a level no greater than the potential to emit of the source. The department may not approve a renewed PAL level higher than the current PAL, unless the major stationary source has complied with the provisions of sub. (11). NR 408.11(10)(e)(e) If the compliance date for a state or federal requirement that applies to the PAL source occurs during the PAL effective period, and if the department has not already adjusted for the requirement, the PAL shall be adjusted at the time of PAL renewal or operation permit renewal, whichever occurs first. NR 408.11(11)(11) Increasing a PAL during the PAL effective period. NR 408.11(11)(a)(a) The department may increase a PAL level only if the owner or operator complies with all of the following provisions: NR 408.11(11)(a)1.1. The owner or operator shall submit a complete application to request an increase in the PAL level for a PAL major modification. The application shall identify the emissions units contributing to the increase in emissions so as to cause the major stationary source’s emissions to equal or exceed its PAL. NR 408.11(11)(a)2.2. As part of this application, the owner or operator shall demonstrate that the sum of the baseline actual emissions of the small emissions units, plus the sum of the baseline actual emissions of the significant and major emissions units under the PAL assuming application of BACT-equivalent controls, plus the sum of the allowable emissions of the new or modified emissions units, exceeds the PAL. The level of control that would result from BACT-equivalent controls on each significant or major emissions unit shall be determined by conducting a new BACT analysis at the time the application is submitted, unless the emissions unit is currently required to comply with a BACT or LAER requirement that was established within the preceding 10 years. The assumed control level for that emissions unit shall be equal to the level of BACT or LAER that currently applies to that emissions unit. NR 408.11(11)(a)3.3. The owner or operator obtains a major NSR permit for all emissions units identified in subd. 1., regardless of the magnitude of the emissions increase from them. These emissions units shall comply with any emissions control requirements resulting from the major NSR process, for example, LAER and offsets, even though they have also become subject to the PAL or continue to be subject to the PAL. NR 408.11(11)(b)(b) The PAL permit shall require that the increased PAL level shall be effective on the day any emissions unit that is part of the PAL major modification becomes operational and begins to emit the PAL regulated air contaminant. NR 408.11(11)(c)(c) The department shall calculate the new PAL as the sum of the allowable emissions for each modified or new emissions unit, plus the sum of the baseline actual emissions of the significant and major emissions units, assuming application of BACT-equivalent controls as determined in accordance with par. (a) 2., plus the sum of the baseline actual emissions of the small emissions units. NR 408.11(11)(d)(d) The PAL permit shall be revised to reflect the increased PAL level pursuant to the public notice requirements of sub. (5). NR 408.11(12)(a)1.1. Each PAL permit shall contain enforceable requirements for the monitoring system that accurately determines plantwide emissions of the PAL regulated air contaminant in terms of mass per unit of time. Any monitoring system authorized for use in the PAL permit shall be based on sound science and meet generally acceptable scientific procedures for data quality and manipulation. Additionally, the information generated by any authorized system shall meet minimum legal requirements for admissibility in a judicial proceeding to enforce the PAL permit. NR 408.11(12)(a)2.2. Except as provided for in subd. 3., the PAL monitoring system shall employ one or more of the 4 general monitoring approaches meeting the minimum requirements in par. (b) and shall be approved by the department. NR 408.11(12)(a)3.3. Notwithstanding subd. 2., the owner or operator may employ an alternative monitoring approach that meets subd. 1. if approved by the department. NR 408.11(12)(a)4.4. Failure to use a monitoring system that meets the requirements of this subsection renders the PAL invalid. NR 408.11(12)(b)(b) The following are acceptable general monitoring approaches when conducted in accordance with the minimum requirements in pars. (c) to (i):
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