Chapter NR 405

Chapter NR 405

PREVENTION OF SIGNIFICANT DETERIORATION

NR 405.01   Applicability; purpose.

NR 405.02   Definitions.

NR 405.025   Methods for calculation of increases in actual emissions.

NR 405.03   Restrictions on area classifications.

NR 405.04   Exclusions from increment consumption.

NR 405.05   Redesignation.

NR 405.06   Stack heights.

NR 405.07   Review of major stationary sources and major modifications — source applicability and exemptions.

NR 405.08   Control technology review.

NR 405.09   Source impact analysis.

NR 405.10   Air quality models.

NR 405.11   Air quality analysis.

NR 405.12   Source information.

NR 405.13   Additional impact analyses.

NR 405.14   Sources impacting federal Class I areas — additional requirements.

NR 405.15   Public participation.

NR 405.16   Source obligation.

NR 405.17   Innovative control technology.

NR 405.18   Plant-wide applicability limitations (PALs).

NR 405.19   Forest County Potawatomi Class I area.

NR 405.01 NR 405.01 Applicability; purpose.

NR 405.01(1) (1) Applicability. The provisions of this chapter apply to the construction of any new major stationary source or any project at an existing major stationary source located in an area designated as attainment or unclassifiable.

NR 405.01(2) (2) Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to establish, pursuant to s. 285.60, Stats., the requirements and procedures for reviewing and issuing air pollution control construction permits to any new major stationary source and any project at an existing major stationary source located in an area designated as attainment or unclassifiable.

NR 405.01 Note Note: Throughout the proposed rule, changes have been made which result in the provisions of this PSD rule differing from 40 CFR 51.166, the federal regulation on which it is based. In this rule, the term “air contaminant” is substituted for the term “pollutant” in the federal regulation and “department” for “the State”, “the Governor” and “reviewing authority”. The federal definition for “building, structure, facility or installation” is applied to the phrase “facility, building, structure, equipment, vehicle or action” – a similar term which appears in Wisconsin’s statutory provisions on air pollution. In addition, cross references in the federal regulation have been changed in the rule to comparable provisions in Wisconsin’s rule (e.g., “40 CFR Parts 60 and 61” has been changed to “chs. NR 440 and 447 to 449 and subch. IV of ch. NR 446”). Eliminated from the rule are provisions of the federal regulations which do not apply to the state’s PSD program (i.e., provisions governing EPA approval of plan revisions).

NR 405.01 History History: Cr. Register, January, 1987, No. 373, eff. 2-1-87; correction in (2) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats., Register, December, 1996, No. 492; CR 03-118: am. (1) and (2), Register June 2007 No. 618, eff. 7-1-07.

NR 405.02 NR 405.02 Definitions. The definitions contained in ch. NR 400 apply to the terms used in this chapter. In addition, the following definitions apply to the terms used in this chapter:

NR 405.02(1) (1) “Actual emissions” means the actual rate of emissions of a regulated NSR air contaminant from an emissions unit, as determined in accordance with pars. (a) to (c), except that this definition does not apply for calculating whether a significant emissions increase has occurred, or for establishing a PAL under s. NR 405.18. Instead, subs. (2m) and (25f) shall apply for those purposes.

NR 405.02(1)(a) (a) In general, actual emissions as of a particular date shall equal the average rate, in tons per year, at which the unit actually emitted the air contaminant during a consecutive 24-month period which precedes the particular date and which is representative of normal source operation. The department shall allow the use of a different time period upon a determination that it is more representative of normal source operation. Actual emissions shall be calculated using the unit’s actual operating hours, production rates, and types of materials processed, stored, or combusted during the selected time period.

NR 405.02(1)(b) (b) The department may presume that source-specific allowable emissions for the unit are equivalent to the actual emissions of the unit.

NR 405.02(1)(c) (c) For any emissions unit that has not begun normal operations on the particular date, actual emissions shall equal the potential to emit of the unit on that date.

NR 405.02(2) (2) “Allowable emissions” means the emissions rate of a stationary source calculated using the maximum rated capacity of the source, unless the source is subject to federally enforceable limits which restrict the operating rate, or hours of operation, or both, and the most stringent of the following:

NR 405.02(2)(a) (a) The applicable standards as set forth in chs. NR 440 and 445 to 449 and under sections 111 and 112 of the Act (42 USC 7411 and 7412).

NR 405.02(2)(b) (b) The applicable emissions limitations, as set forth in chs. NR 400 to 499.

NR 405.02(2)(c) (c) The emissions rate specified as a federally enforceable permit condition.

NR 405.02(2m) (2m) “Baseline actual emissions” means the rate of emissions, in tons per year, of a regulated NSR air contaminant, as determined in accordance with pars. (a) to (d).

NR 405.02(2m)(a) (a) For any existing electric utility steam generating unit, baseline actual emissions means the average rate, in tons per year, at which the unit actually emitted the air contaminant during any consecutive 24-month period selected by the owner or operator within the 5-year period immediately preceding when the owner or operator begins actual construction of the project. The department shall allow the use of a different time period upon a determination that it is more representative of normal source operation.

NR 405.02(2m)(a)1. 1. The average rate shall include fugitive emissions to the extent quantifiable, and emissions associated with startups, shutdowns and malfunctions.

NR 405.02(2m)(a)2. 2. The average rate shall be adjusted downward to exclude any emissions in excess of an emission limitation that was legally enforceable during the consecutive 24-month period.

NR 405.02(2m)(a)3. 3. For a regulated NSR air contaminant, when a project involves multiple emissions units, only one consecutive 24-month period may be used to determine the baseline actual emissions for the emissions units being changed. A different consecutive 24-month period may be used for each regulated NSR air contaminant.

NR 405.02(2m)(a)4. 4. The average rate may not be based on any consecutive 24-month period for which there is inadequate information for determining annual emissions, in tons per year, or for adjusting this amount if required by subd. 2.

NR 405.02(2m)(b) (b) For an existing emissions unit, other than an electric utility steam generating unit, baseline actual emissions means the average rate, in tons per year, at which the emissions unit actually emitted the air contaminant during any consecutive 24-month period selected by the owner or operator within the 10-year period immediately preceding either the date the owner or operator begins actual construction of the project, or, the date a complete permit application is received by the department for a permit required under ch. NR 406 or for a permit revision under ch. NR 407, whichever is earlier, except that the 10-year period may not include any period earlier than November 15, 1990.

NR 405.02(2m)(b)1. 1. The average rate shall include fugitive emissions to the extent quantifiable, and emissions associated with startups, shutdowns and malfunctions.

NR 405.02(2m)(b)2. 2. The average rate shall be adjusted downward to exclude any emissions in excess of an emission limitation that was legally enforceable during the consecutive 24-month period.

NR 405.02(2m)(b)3. 3. The average rate shall be adjusted downward to exclude any emissions that would have exceeded an emission limitation with which the major stationary source must currently comply, had the major stationary source been required to comply with the limitation during the consecutive 24-month period. However, if an emission limitation is part of a maximum achievable control technology standard that the administrator proposed or promulgated under 40 CFR part 63, the baseline actual emissions need only be adjusted if the state has taken credit for the emissions reductions in an attainment demonstration or maintenance plan consistent with the requirements of s. NR 408.06 (9).

NR 405.02(2m)(b)4. 4. For a regulated NSR air contaminant, when a project involves multiple emissions units, only one consecutive 24-month period may be used to determine the baseline actual emissions for the emissions units being changed. A different consecutive 24-month period may be used for each regulated NSR air contaminant.

NR 405.02(2m)(b)5. 5. The average rate may not be based on any consecutive 24-month period for which there is inadequate information for determining annual emissions, in tons per year, or for adjusting this amount if required by subds. 2. and 3.

NR 405.02(2m)(c) (c) For a new emissions unit, the baseline actual emissions for purposes of determining the emissions increase that will result from the initial construction and operation of the unit shall equal zero; and thereafter, for all other purposes, shall equal the unit’s potential to emit.

NR 405.02(2m)(d) (d) For a PAL for a stationary source, the baseline actual emissions shall be calculated for existing electric utility steam generating units in accordance with the procedures contained in par. (a), for other existing emissions units in accordance with the procedures contained in par. (b), and for a new emissions unit, in accordance with the procedures contained in par. (c).

NR 405.02(3) (3) “Baseline area” means any intrastate area, and every part thereof, designated as attainment or unclassifiable under section 107 (d) (1) (A) (ii) or (iii) of the Act (42 USC 7407 (d) (1) (A) (ii) or (iii)) in which the major source or major modification establishing the minor source baseline date would construct or would have an air quality impact for the pollutant for which the baseline date is established equal to or greater than 1 µg/m3 (annual average) for SO2, NO2, or PM10, or equal to or greater than 0.3mg/m3 (annual average) for PM2.5. Area redesignations under section 107 (d) (1) (A) (ii) or (iii) of the Act (42 USC 7407 (d) (1) (A) (ii) or (iii)) cannot intersect or be smaller than the area of impact of any major stationary source or major modification which either establishes a minor source baseline date or is subject to this chapter.

NR 405.02(4) (4) 

NR 405.02(4)(a) (a) “Baseline concentration” means that ambient concentration level which exists in the baseline area at the time of the applicable minor source baseline date. A baseline concentration is determined for each air contaminant for which a minor source baseline date is established and shall include:

NR 405.02(4)(a)1. 1. The actual emissions representative of sources in existence on the applicable minor source baseline date, except as provided in par. (b).

NR 405.02(4)(a)2. 2. The allowable emissions of major stationary sources which commenced construction before the major source baseline date, but were not in operation by the applicable minor source baseline date.

NR 405.02(4)(b) (b) The following will not be included in the baseline concentration and will affect the applicable maximum allowable increases:

NR 405.02(4)(b)1. 1. Actual emissions from any major stationary source on which construction commenced after the major source baseline date.

NR 405.02(4)(b)2. 2. Actual emissions increases and decreases at any stationary source occurring after the minor source baseline date.

NR 405.02(6) (6) “Begin actual construction” means, in general, initiation of physical on-site construction activities on an emissions unit which are of a permanent nature. Such activities include, but are not limited to, installation of building supports and foundations, laying of underground pipework and construction of permanent storage structures. With respect to a change in method of operation, this term refers to those on-site activities, other than preparatory activities, which mark the initiation of the change.