NR 140.05(10s)(10s) “Injection” means the underground emplacement of substances or remedial material, or both, into a borehole or other excavation that is deeper than wide so as to percolate or move through unsaturated material to groundwater or to enter groundwater directly. NR 140.05(11)(11) “Land disposal system” means a facility for disposing of liquid wastes consisting of: NR 140.05(12)(12) “Limit of detection” means the lowest concentration level that can be determined to be statistically different from a blank. NR 140.05(13)(13) “Limit of quantitation” means the level above which quantitative results may be obtained with a specified degree of confidence. NR 140.05 NoteNote: The limit of quantitation is established as defined under s. NR 149.48 (3). NR 140.05(14)(14) “Monitoring” means all procedures used to collect data on groundwater, surface water or soils. NR 140.05(14m)(14m) “Natural attenuation” means the reduction in the concentration and mass of a substance and its breakdown products in groundwater, due to naturally occurring physical, chemical, and biological processes without human intervention or enhancement. These processes include, but are not limited to, dispersion, diffusion, sorption and retardation, and degradation processes such as biodegradation, abiotic degradation and radioactive decay. NR 140.05(15)(15) “Point of standards application” means the specific location, depth or distance from a facility, activity or practice at which the concentration of a substance in groundwater is measured for purposes of determining whether a preventive action limit or an enforcement standard has been attained or exceeded. NR 140.05(16)(16) “Precision” means the closeness of repeated measurements of the same parameter within a sample. NR 140.05(17)(17) “Preventive action limit” means a numerical value expressing the concentration of a substance in groundwater which is adopted under s. 160.15, Stats., and s. NR 140.10, 140.12 or 140.20. NR 140.05(18)(18) “Property boundary” means the boundary of the total contiguous parcel of land owned or leased by a common owner or lessor, regardless of whether public or private roads run through the parcel. NR 140.05(19)(19) “Registered laboratory” means a laboratory which is registered under s. 299.11 (8), Stats., or receives reciprocal recognition under s. 299.11 (5), Stats. NR 140.05(20)(20) “Regulatory agency” means the department of agriculture, trade and consumer protection, the department of safety and professional services, the department of transportation, the department of natural resources and other state agencies which regulate activities, facilities or practices which are related to substances which have been detected in or have reasonable probability of entering the groundwater resources of the state. NR 140.05(20h)(20h) “Remedial action” means a response which is taken to achieve compliance with groundwater quality standards established under this chapter. This term includes, but is not limited to, actions designed to prevent or minimize the further discharge or release of substances to groundwater and actions designed to renovate or restore groundwater quality. NR 140.05(20k)(20k) “Remedial material” means any solid, liquid, semi-solid or gaseous material, either naturally occurring or manmade, in its original form or as a metabolite or degradation product, or naturally occurring non-pathogenic biological organisms which have not undergone human induced genetic alteration, which enhances the restoration of soil or groundwater quality, or both. NR 140.05(20m)(20m) “Response” means any action taken to respond to an attainment or exceedance of a preventive action limit or enforcement standard as required by s. NR 140.24 or 140.26. NR 140.05 NoteNote: A response may include a remedial action.
NR 140.05(20s)(20s) “Specified substance” means one of the following: chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane or bromoform. NR 140.05(21)(21) “Substance” means any solid, liquid, semisolid, dissolved solid or gaseous material, naturally occurring or man-made chemical, parameter for measurement of water quality or biological organism which, in its original form, or as a metabolite or a degradation or waste product, may decrease the quality of groundwater. NR 140.05(22)(22) “Wastewater and sludge storage or treatment lagoon” means a natural or man-made containment structure, constructed primarily of earthen materials for the treatment or storage of wastewater or sludge, which is not a land disposal system. NR 140.05 HistoryHistory: Cr. Register, September, 1985, No. 357, eff. 10-1-85; cr. (1m), am. (7), (17) and (18), Register, October, 1988, No. 394, eff. 11-1-88; am. (6), cr. (20h) and (20m), Register, March, 1994, No. 459, eff. 4-1-94; cr. (1s), (10e), (10s), (20k), r. and recr. (12), (13), Register, August, 1995, No. 476, eff. 9-1-95; cr. (14m), Register, October, 1996, No. 490, eff. 11-1-96; am. (20), Register, December, 1998, No. 516, eff. 1-1-99; correction in (9) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 7., Stats., Register, April, 2001, No. 544; CR 02-134: cr. (1u), (1w), (1y) and (20s) Register June 2003 No. 570, eff. 7-1-03; correction in (20) made under s. 13.92 (4) (b) 6., Stats., Register January 2012 No. 673. NR 140.10NR 140.10 Public health related groundwater standards. The groundwater quality standards for substances of public health concern are listed in Table 1. NR 140.10 NoteNote: For all substances that have carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic properties or interactive effects, the preventive action limit is 10% of the enforcement standard. The preventive action limit is 20% of the enforcement standard for all other substances that are of public health concern. Enforcement standards and preventive action limits for additional substances will be added to Table I as recommendations are developed pursuant to ss. 160.07, 160.13 and 160.15, Stats. NR 140.10 NoteNote: Consistent with the Department of Health Services’ recommendation for the NR 140 ammonia standard, the department will use total ammonia, which is the sum of ionized ammonia and un-ionized ammonia in groundwater, in applying groundwater ammonia standards.
NR 140.10 NoteNote: Acronyms in common use for oxanilic acid (for the pesticide metabolites acetochlor oxanilic acid and metolachlor oxanilic acid in Table 1 above) include both “OA” and “OXA.”
NR 140.10 HistoryHistory: Cr. Register, September, 1985, No. 357, eff. 10-1-85; am. table 1, Register, October, 1988, No. 394, eff. 11-1-88; am. table 1, Register, September, 1990, No. 417, eff. 10-1-90; am. Register, January, 1992, No. 433, eff. 2-1-92; am. Table 1, Register, March, 1994, No. 459, eff. 4-1-94; am. Table 1, Register, August, 1995, No. 476, eff. 9-1-95; am. Table 1, Register, December, 1998, No. 516, eff. 1-1-99; am. Table 1, boron, Register, December, 1998, No. 516, eff. 12-31-99; am. Table 1, Register, March, 2000, No. 531, eff. 4-1-00; CR 03-063: am Table 1, Register February 2004 No. 578, eff. 3-1-04; CR 02-095: am. Table 1, Register November 2006 No. 611, eff. 12-1-06; reprinted to correct errors in Table 1, Register January 2007 No. 613; CR 07-034: am. Table 1 Register January 2008 No. 625, eff. 2-1-08; CR 09-102: am. Table 1 Register December 2010 No. 660, eff. 1-1-11; CR 22-061: am. Table 1 Register July 2023 No. 811, eff. 8-1-23. NR 140.12NR 140.12 Public welfare related groundwater standards. The groundwater quality standards for substances of public welfare concern are listed in Table 2. NR 140.12 NoteNote: For each substance of public welfare concern, the preventive action limit is 50% of the established enforcement standard.
Table 2
Public Welfare Groundwater Quality Standards
NR 140.12 HistoryHistory: Cr. Register, September, 1985, No. 357, eff. 10-1-85; am. table 2, Register, October, 1990, No. 418, eff. 11-1-90; am. Table 2, Register, March, 1994, No. 459, eff. 4-1-94. NR 140.14(1)(1) If a preventive action limit or an enforcement standard for a substance listed in Table 1 or 2, an alternative concentration limit issued in accordance with s. NR 140.28 or a preventive action limit for an indicator parameter established according to s. NR 140.20 (2) is attained or exceeded at a point of standards application: NR 140.14(1)(a)(a) The owner or operator of the facility, practice or activity at which a standard is attained or exceeded shall notify the appropriate regulatory agency that a standard has been attained or exceeded; and NR 140.14(1)(b)(b) The regulatory agency shall require a response in accordance with the rules promulgated under s. 160.21, Stats. No response shall be required if it is demonstrated to the satisfaction of the appropriate regulatory agency that a scientifically valid determination cannot be made that the preventive action limit or enforcement standard for a substance in Table 1 or 2 has been attained or exceeded based on consideration of sampling procedures or laboratory precision and accuracy, at a significance level of 0.05. NR 140.14(2)(2) The regulatory agency shall use one or more valid statistical procedures to determine if a change in the concentration of a substance has occurred. A significance level of 0.05 shall be used for all tests. NR 140.14(3)(3) In addition to sub. (2), the following applies when a preventive action limit or enforcement standard is equal to or less than the limit of quantitation: NR 140.14(3)(a)(a) If a substance is not detected in a sample, the regulatory agency may not consider the preventive action limit or enforcement standard to have been attained or exceeded. NR 140.14(3)(b)(b) If the preventive action limit or enforcement standard is less than the limit of detection, and the concentration of a substance is reported between the limit of detection and the limit of quantitation, the regulatory agency shall consider the preventive action limit or enforcement standard to be attained or exceeded only if: NR 140.14(3)(b)1.1. The substance has been analytically confirmed to be present in the same sample using an equivalently sensitive analytical method or the same analytical method, and NR 140.14(3)(b)2.2. The substance has been statistically confirmed to be present above the preventive action limit or enforcement standard, determined by an appropriate statistical test with sufficient samples at a significance level of 0.05. NR 140.14(3)(c)(c) If the preventive action limit or enforcement standard is between the limit of detection and the limit of quantitation, the regulatory agency shall consider the preventive action limit or enforcement standard to be attained or exceeded if the concentration of a substance is reported at or above the limit of quantitation. NR 140.14 HistoryHistory: Cr. Register, September, 1985, No. 357, eff. 10-1-85; am. (1) (intro.) and (b), r. and recr. (2), Register, October, 1988, No. 394, eff. 11-1-88; am. (1) (b), (2) and (3) (b), Register, September, 1990, No. 417, eff. 10-1-90; am. (1) (b), Register, March, 1994, No. 459, eff. 4-1-94; r. and recr. (3) (intro.), (a), (b), renum. (3) (c) to be 140.16 (5) and am., Register, August, 1995, No. 476, eff. 9-1-95. NR 140.16NR 140.16 Monitoring and laboratory data requirements. NR 140.16(1)(a)(a) All groundwater quality samples collected to determine compliance with ch. 160, Stats., shall comply with this section except as noted. NR 140.16(1)(b)(b) Groundwater sampling requirements. All groundwater quality samples shall be collected and handled in accordance with procedures specified by the applicable regulatory agency or, where no sampling procedures are specified by that agency, in accordance with the sampling procedures referenced in par. (c). The sampling procedures specified by a regulatory agency may include requirements for field filtration. NR 140.16(1)(c)1.1. If sampling procedures are not specified by the applicable regulatory agency pursuant to par. (b), all groundwater quality samples shall be collected and handled in accordance with the sampling procedures contained in the following publications: NR 140.16(1)(c)1.a.a. Groundwater Sampling Desk Reference. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL-DG-037-96, September, 1996. NR 140.16(1)(c)1.b.b. Groundwater Sampling Field Manual. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUBL-DG-038-96, September, 1996. NR 140.16 NoteNote: Copies of these publications may be purchased from:
NR 140.16 NoteWisconsin Department of Administration
Document Sales Unit
4622 University Avenue
Madison, WI 53705-2156
NR 140.16 NoteThese publications are available for inspection at the offices of the department, the secretary of state and the legislative reference bureau.
NR 140.16(1)(c)2.2. Where no procedure for collecting a particular groundwater quality sample is specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or in the publications referenced in subd. 1., other published scientifically valid groundwater sampling procedures may be used. NR 140.16(1)(d)(d) Laboratory requirements.. All groundwater quality samples, except samples collected for total coliform bacteria laboratory analysis, E. coli laboratory analysis, field analyses for pH, field analysis for specific conductance, and field analysis for temperature, shall be analyzed in accordance with provisions under ch. NR 149 by a laboratory certified or registered under ch. NR 149. Samples for total coliform bacteria and E. coli analysis shall be analyzed by the state laboratory of hygiene or at a laboratory approved or certified by the department of agriculture, trade and consumer protection. NR 140.16 NoteNote: Refer to s. NR 149.442 for sample preservation procedures and holding times. NR 140.16(1)(e)(e) Data submittal. The results of the analysis of groundwater quality samples shall be submitted to the department and any applicable regulatory agency. Except as provided in s. NR 205.07 (3) (c) for wastewater permittees, this section does not require the submission of groundwater monitoring data which is collected voluntarily and is not required to be collected to determine compliance with this chapter or another rule or statute. NR 140.16(2)(2) The laboratory shall select the analytical methodology which: NR 140.16(2)(a)(a) Is specified in rules or approved by the regulatory agency, and NR 140.16(2)(c)1.1. Has a limit of detection and limit of quantitation below the preventive action limit, or NR 140.16(2)(c)2.2. Produces the lowest available limit of detection and limit of quantitation if the limit of detection and limit of quantitation are above the preventive action limit. NR 140.16(3)(3) If the owner or operator of a facility, practice or activity believes that a sample result does not represent groundwater quality in the vicinity of the facility, practice or activity, the owner or operator shall resample the appropriate well or wells to obtain a representative sample at the earliest possible time. All sample results shall be submitted to the department and the appropriate regulatory agency with an explanation of why the owner or operator believes that all or some of the results are invalid. NR 140.16(4)(4) The department may reject groundwater quality data that does not meet the requirements of the approved or designated analytical methods. NR 140.16(5)(5) The owner or operator of the facility, practice or activity shall report the limit of detection and the limit of quantitation with the sample results. If a substance is detected below the limit of quantitation, the owner or operator shall report the detected value with the appropriate qualifier to the regulatory agency. NR 140.16 HistoryHistory: Cr. Register, September, 1985, No. 357, eff. 10-1-85; am. (1), Register, September, 1990, No. 417, eff. 10-1-90; am. (1), r. and recr. (2), Register, March, 1994, No. 459, eff. 4-1-94; (5) renum. from NR 140.14 (3) (c), cr. (4), Register, August, 1995, No. 476, eff. 9-1-95; r. and recr. (1), Register, December, 1998, No. 516, eff. 1-1-99; CR 22-061: am. (1) (d) Register July 2023 No. 811, eff. 8-1-23. NR 140.20NR 140.20 Indicator parameter groundwater standards. NR 140.20(1)(1) Establishing background water quality. Background water quality at a facility, practice or activity at which monitoring is required shall be established by sampling one or more monitoring points at locations and depths sufficient to yield groundwater samples that are representative of background water quality at or near the facility, practice or activity. Background water quality shall be determined for indicator parameters specified by the department. Background water quality for indicator parameters shall be established by averaging a minimum of 8 sample results from each well. The department may exclude any sample result which is nonrepresentative of background water quality. In making the calculations required in this section, the department may use as many representative sample points as are available. NR 140.20(2)(2) Establishing preventive action limits for indicator parameters. For each indicator parameter, except total coliform bacteria, for which groundwater monitoring is required by the department, the preventive action limit shall be established based upon a change of water quality with respect to background water quality according to the methodology specified in any of the following: NR 140.20(2)(a)(a) For field pH, the preventive action limit shall be one pH unit above or below the pH of the background water quality. NR 140.20(2)(b)(b) For field temperature, the preventive action limit shall be 3 standard deviations or 10ºF (5.6ºC), whichever is greater, above or below the temperature of the background water quality. NR 140.20(2)(c)(c) For all other indicator parameters, the preventive action limit shall be the background water quality for that parameter plus 3 standard deviations or the background water quality plus the increase of that parameter listed in Table 3, whichever is greater. NR 140.20 NoteNote: The standard deviation for a group of samples is equal to the square root of: the value of the sum of the squares of the difference between each sample in the sample group and the mean for that sample group divided by the number of samples in the sample group where the sample group has 30 or more samples and by one less than the number of samples in the sample group where the sample group has less than 30 samples.
NR 140.20(3)(3) Total coliform bacteria indicator parameter. The preventive action limit for total coliform bacteria is 0. If the source of total coliform bacteria is determined to be from a regulated facility, practice, or activity, response actions under s. NR 140.24 may be required. Table 3
Methodology for Establishing Preventive Action Limit for Indicator Parameters
NR 140.20 HistoryHistory: Cr. Register, September, 1985, No. 357, eff. 10-1-85; am. table 3, Register, October, 1990, No. 418, eff. 11-1-90; am. Table 3, Register, December, 1998, No. 516, eff. 1-1-99; CR 09-102: am. Table 3 Register December 2010 No. 660, eff. 1-1-11; CR 22-061: am. (2) (intro.), cr. (3), am. Table 3 Register July 2023 No. 811, eff. 8-1-23. NR 140.22NR 140.22 Point of standards application for design and compliance. NR 140.22(1)(1) Design. Except as specified in sub. (1m), facilities, practices or activities regulated by the department, including remedial actions, shall be designed to minimize the level of substances in groundwater and to comply with the preventive action limits to the extent technically and economically feasible at all the following locations:
