Chapter NR 110

NR 110.08(5)(dm)1. 1. The conditions of par. (a) are met; or

NR 110.08(5)(dm)2. 2. The conditions of par. (a) 1. and 2. are met and the owner submits the following:

NR 110.08(5)(dm)2.a. a. Adequate proof that sufficient funds to operate, maintain and abandon the facility, if necessary, will be available for the life of the facility;

NR 110.08(5)(dm)2.b. b. Documentation showing that the new treatment facilities are being proposed as a replacement of a failing septic tank/soil absorption system which has been in use for at least 10 years; and

NR 110.08(5)(dm)2.c. c. Proof of the inability to form a town sanitary district or other appropriate municipal entity to oversee the facility.

NR 110.08(5)(e) (e) Conformance with areawide water quality management plans. In addition to the requirements of pars. (a) through (dg), the new sewage treatment facilities shall also be in conformance with any approved areawide water quality management plan. These plans may be consistent with the criteria in pars. (a) through (dg). These plans as approved by the department may also contain additional criteria necessary to address regional or local considerations.

NR 110.08(6) (6) Cost effectiveness. A cost-effectiveness analysis shall be performed as part of the evaluation of alternatives in each facilities plan. The cost-effectiveness analysis shall be prepared in accordance with s. NR 110.09 (2). Except as provided for in s. NR 110.09 (2) (j) 4. c., the most cost-effective alternative shall be selected for implementation.

NR 110.08 History History: Cr. Register, November, 1974, No. 227, eff. 12-1-74; r. and recr. Register, December, 1978, No. 276, eff. 1-1-79; cr. (5), Register, August, 1981, No. 308, eff. 9-1-81; am. (1) and (2), cr. (6), Register, February, 1983, No. 326. eff. 3-1-83; cr. (5) (dm), Register, November, 1990, No. 419, eff. 12-1-90; correction in (5) made under s. 13.93 (2m) (b) 1. and 7., Stats., Register, September, 1995, No. 477; CR 09-123: renum. (3) (a) to be (3) and am., r. (3) (b) Register July 2010 No. 655, eff. 8-1-10.

NR 110.09 NR 110.09 Sewage treatment facilities projects.

NR 110.09(1) (1) Facilities plans for sewage treatment facilities projects.

NR 110.09(1)(a) (a) Facilities plans consist of those necessary plans and studies which directly relate to the construction of the proposed facilities. Facilities planning shall demonstrate the need for the proposed facilities. Through a systematic evaluation of feasible alternatives facilities planning shall also demonstrate that the selected alternative is the most cost-effective means of meeting established effluent limitations and water quality standards. The most cost-effective alternative is that which will result in the minimum total resources costs over the planning period. The planning period of the facilities plan shall be 20 years. The total resources costs include monetary costs, environmental and social considerations, and other nonmonetary factors. The interest (discount) rate to be used in calculating present worth shall be obtained from the department when beginning facilities planning.

NR 110.09(1)(b) (b) Facilities planning shall include the following information in such detail as the department deems appropriate for the specific project:

NR 110.09(1)(b)1. 1. A description of the sewerage system for which construction drawings and specifications are to be prepared. This description shall include preliminary engineering data, cost estimates for design and construction of the sewerage system, and a schedule for completion of design and construction. The preliminary engineering data shall include, to the extent appropriate, information such as a schematic flow diagram, unit processes, design data regarding detention times, flow rates, sizing of units, and so forth. This is commonly referred to as the Unit Equipment and Design Report.

NR 110.09(1)(b)2. 2. A description of the selected complete sewerage system of which the proposed facilities will be a part using maps, diagrams and plans as appropriate. This description shall include:

NR 110.09(1)(b)2.a. a. The delineation of a sewer service area for the complete sewerage system based on a 20-year population projection and density assumptions;

NR 110.09(1)(b)2.b. b. A description of the collection system including existing and proposed trunk sewers and interceptors;

NR 110.09(1)(b)2.c. c. A description of the existing and proposed sewerage treatment system including ultimate disposal of wastewater and sludge;

NR 110.09(1)(b)2.d. d. A planning area map showing individual systems, if individual systems are to be a part of the cost-effective solution proposed for state or EPA funding.

NR 110.09(1)(b)3. 3. Infiltration/inflow documentation in accordance with subs. (5) and (6).

NR 110.09(1)(b)4. 4. A cost-effectiveness analysis of alternatives for the sewerage system prepared in accordance with sub. (2). The most cost-effective alternatives shall be selected for implementation in accordance with s. NR 110.08 (6).

NR 110.09(1)(b)5. 5. For facilities plans for state funded projects, parallel cost estimates shall be provided for the facilities necessary to transport and/or treat the fundable capacity, as well as a cost estimate for the total proposed sewerage system.

NR 110.09(1)(b)6. 6. An identification of effluent discharge limitations including water quality related effluent limitations, and where a Wisconsin Pollution Discharge Elimination System (WPDES) permit has been issued, a copy of the permit for the proposed sewerage system.

NR 110.09(1)(b)7. 7. Required comments or approvals of relevant state, interstate, regional, and local agencies.

NR 110.09(1)(b)8. 8. An estimate of the anticipated cost to the average user of the system. This cost shall be presented at the public hearing required under sub. (4).

NR 110.09(1)(b)9. 9. A brief summary of the public hearing required under sub. (4) or any other public meeting or hearing held during the planning process including a summary of the views expressed.

NR 110.09(1)(b)10. 10. A brief statement demonstrating that the authorities who will be implementing the plan have the necessary legal, financial, institutional, and managerial resources available to insure the construction, operation, and maintenance of the proposed treatment works.

NR 110.09(1)(b)11. 11. A description of potential opportunities for recreation, open space, and access to bodies of water analyzed in planning the proposed sewerage system and the recommended actions. The facility plan shall also describe measures taken to coordinate with federal, state and local recreational programs and with recreational elements of applicable approved areawide waste treatment management plans.

NR 110.09 Note Note: Facilities plans for projects subject to the requirements of this section may include results from a system evaluation and capacity assurance plan under s. NR 110.10 (4).

NR 110.09(2) (2) Content of the cost-effectiveness analysis. The cost-effectiveness analysis shall include:

NR 110.09(2)(a) (a) The relationship of the size and capacity of alternative systems to the needs to be served, including reserve capacity;

NR 110.09(2)(b) (b) An evaluation of alternative flow and waste reduction measures, including non-structural methods;

NR 110.09(2)(c) (c) An evaluation of improved effluent quality attainable by upgrading the operation and maintenance and efficiency of existing facilities as an alternative or supplement to construction of new facilities;

NR 110.09(2)(d) (d) An evaluation of the capability of each alternative to meet secondary treatment standards or applicable water quality related effluent limitations. The sewerage system design must be based upon achievement of not less than secondary treatment standards as defined by ch. NR 210;

NR 110.09(2)(e) (e) An identification of and provision for applying technologies included under each of the following waste treatment management techniques:

NR 110.09(2)(e)1. 1. Biological or physical-chemical treatment and discharge to receiving waters;

NR 110.09(2)(e)2. 2. Systems employing the reuse of wastewater and recycling of pollutants;

NR 110.09(2)(e)3. 3. Land application techniques;

NR 110.09(2)(e)4. 4. Systems including revenue generating applications; and

NR 110.09(2)(e)5. 5. On-site and non-conventional systems.

NR 110.09(2)(f) (f) All construction of publicly-owned sewerage systems and privately owned domestic sewerage systems discharging to surface waters shall be based upon application of secondary treatment as a minimum. Where application of secondary treatment would not provide for attainment of water quality standards,the facilities plan shall provide for attaining the applicable standards by designing to meet appropriate water quality related effluent limitations. Sewerage systems discharging to the ground water shall comply with the applicable discharge requirements of ch. NR 206. The alternative of treating combined sewer overflows shall also be considered.

NR 110.09(2)(g) (g) An evaluation to determine the cost-effective means of disposing of treated effluent.

NR 110.09(2)(h) (h) An evaluation of the most cost-effective means of treating, handling, and disposing of sludge. This evaluation shall include at a minimum the following items:

NR 110.09(2)(h)1. 1. A description of the current sludge treatment, handling and disposal operations including a discussion of current quantities being produced, a description of current sludge quality including a sludge analysis, a description of any problems associated with the existing operations, and a description of industrial contributions that may affect the quantity and quality of sludge;

NR 110.09(2)(h)2. 2. An analysis of the anticipated quantity and quality of the sludge from the proposed facility;

NR 110.09(2)(h)3. 3. A brief description of alternative technologies applicable to the proposed facility improvements, such as, thickening, stabilization, dewatering, storage, transportation, and ultimate disposal;

NR 110.09(2)(h)4. 4. A cost-effectiveness analysis of the feasible alternatives including an assessment of the environmental impacts as specified in sub. (3);

NR 110.09(2)(h)5. 5. An evaluation of the storage requirements either at the sewage treatment facility or at an offsite location. The evaluation shall include an estimate of the maximum period of time necessary to store sludge, and a description of the location, accessibility, soils, necessary local permits, depth to groundwater, distance to residential homes, type of facility, topography and any other appropriate information. The storage recommendations shall comply with s. NR 110.26 (10).

NR 110.09(2)(h)6. 6. An estimate of the amount of land required for each alternative shall be made. Land requirements for landfilling of sludge shall be based upon accepted landfill design practices. Department approval in accordance with chs. NR 500 to 520, is required for construction of sludge landfills and prior to disposal of sludge at an existing licensed landfill.

NR 110.09(2)(h)7. 7. A discussion of the procedures and timing for abandonment of the existing sludge facilities, if appropriate. This shall include, but not be limited to, the types of sludge wastes to be disposed of during abandonment, ultimate disposal location, possible construction scheduling, quantity of wastes, quality of wastes and any special problems associated with the disposal of these wastes; and

NR 110.09(2)(h)8. 8. A summary describing the selected plan and its anticipated environmental impacts. Those actions necessary for implementing and operating the sludge management plan shall be presented. This shall include, but not be limited to, the estimated sludge treatment and disposal costs, operator time, discussion of applicable federal and state laws, necessary local permits, public participation programs, training of operators and any other actions necessary to provide for an environmentally sound sludge management program.

NR 110.09(2)(i) (i) An adequate assessment of the expected environmental impacts of the alternatives (including sites) in accordance with sub. (3). This assessment shall be an integral part of the analysis of alternatives for cost-effectiveness. The assessment shall be revised as necessary to include information developed during subsequent project steps.

NR 110.09(2)(j) (j) An analysis of the most cost-effective design staging and sizing. The staging and sizing of treatment works shall be based upon the following:

NR 110.09(2)(j)1. 1. ‘Population projections.’ Population projections for facilities planning shall be in conformance with those contained in applicable approved areawide waste treatment management plans and rules adopted pursuant to ss. 16.96 and 281.57 (4) (b), Stats. If such projections are not available, the engineer shall project future population growth based on trends in the recent past.

NR 110.09(2)(j)2. 2. ‘Wastewater flow estimates.’ In determining total average flow for the design of sewerage systems, the flows to be considered include the average daily base flows (ADBF) expected from each of the following: residential sources, commercial sources, institutional sources, and industries the system will serve plus allowances for future industries and nonexcessive infiltration or inflow.

NR 110.09(2)(j)2m. 2m. ‘Estimation methods.’ The estimation of existing and future ADBF from combined residential, commercial, and institutional sources, shall be based upon one of the following methods:

NR 110.09(2)(j)2m.a. a. Existing ADBF shall be estimated based upon a fully documented analysis of water use records adjusted for consumption and losses or on records of wastewater flows for extended dry periods less estimated dry weather infiltration. Future flows for the sewerage system design shall be estimated by determining the existing per capita flows, subtracting any projected per capita water conservation flow reduction and multiplying this figure by the future projected population to be served. Seasonal population can be converted to equivalent full-time residents using the following multipliers:

Day-use visitor (0.1-0.2).

Seasonal visitor (0.5-0.8).

The preferred method shall be used wherever water supply records or wastewater flow data exist. Allowances for future increases of per capita flow over time will not be approved.

NR 110.09(2)(j)2m.b. b. Where water supply and wastewater flow data are lacking, existing and future ADBF shall be estimated by multiplying a gallon per capita per day (gpcd) allowance not exceeding those in the following table by the estimated total of the existing and future resident populations to be served. The tabulated ADBF allowances include estimates for commercial and institutional sources as well as residential sources. The department may approve exceptions to the tabulated allowances where large commercial and institutional flows (more than 25% of total estimated ADBF) are documented.

NR 110.09(2)(j)3. 3. ‘Industrial flows.’

NR 110.09(2)(j)3.a. a. The sewerage system total design flow capacity may include allowances for industrial flows. The allowances may include capacity needed for industrial flows which the existing sewerage system presently serves. However, these flows shall be carefully reviewed and means of reducing them shall be considered. Capacity needs for existing flows from industrial users and for future flows from all industries intending to increase their flows or relocate in the area must be documented.

NR 110.09(2)(j)3.b. b. While many uncertainties accompany forecasting future industrial flows, there is still a need to allow for some unforeseeable future industrial growth. Thus, design capacity of the treatment works may include (in addition to the existing industrial flows and future documented industrial flows) a nominal flow allowance for future nonidentifiable industries or for unplanned industrial expansions, provided that areawide waste treatment management plans, land-use plans and zoning provide for the industrial growth. This additional allowance for future unplanned industrial flow may not normally exceed 5%, or 10% for towns with less than 10,000 population, of the total average design flow of the treatment works exclusive of the allowance or 25% of the total industrial flow, existing plus documented future, whichever is greater.

NR 110.09(2)(j)4. 4. ‘Staging of sewage treatment facilities.’ For municipally owned projects the design capacity of new, upgraded or expanded sewage treatment facilities shall not exceed that necessary for wastewater flows projected during the initial staging period. Privately owned domestic waste treatment facilities shall provide design capacity for estimated flows 20 years from the estimated time of start-up of the facilities unless the cost-effectiveness staging analysis is done to justify a lesser design staging period. The staging period for municipally owned waste treatment facilities shall be determined by either of the following methods:

NR 110.09(2)(j)4.a. a. The owner shall analyze at least 3 alternative staging periods (10 years, 15 years and 20 years) and the least costly (i.e., total present worth or average annual cost) staging period shall be selected.

NR 110.09(2)(j)4.b. b. The staging period may not exceed the period which is appropriate according to the following table.

Staging Periods for Treatment Facilities

NR 110.09(2)(j)4.c. c. A municipality may stage the construction of a treatment plant for a shorter period than the maximum allowed under this subdivision. A shorter staging period might be based upon environmental factors (secondary impacts, compliance with other environmental laws, energy conservation, water supply), an objective concerning planned modular construction, the utilization of temporary treatment plants, or attainment of consistency with locally adopted plans including comprehensive and capital improvement plans. However, the staging period may in no case be less than 10 years, because of associated cost penalties and the time necessary to plan and construct later stages.

NR 110.09(2)(k) (k) An evaluation of the costs, cost-savings, and effects of flow reduction measures unless the existing average daily base flow from the area is less than 70 gpcd, or the current population of the municipality is under 5,000, or the area is exempted by the department for having an effective existing flow reduction program. A flow reduction program shall be adopted by municipalities which shall include those measures determined to be cost effective.

NR 110.09(2)(L) (L) An analysis of innovative and alternative treatment processes and techniques that reclaim and reuse water, productively recycle wastewater constituents, eliminate the discharge of pollutants or recover energy. Where certain categories of alternative technologies may not be generally applicable because of prevailing climatic or geological conditions, a detailed analysis of these categories of alternative technologies is not required. However, the reason for such a rejection must be fully substantiated in the facilities plan.

NR 110.09(2)(m) (m) An analysis of the primary energy requirements (operational energy inputs) for each system considered. The alternative selected shall propose adoption of measures to reduce energy consumption or to increase recovery as long as such measures are cost effective.

NR 110.09(2)(n) (n) A flood analysis for the selected treatment facility site if the site is in, or suspected to be in, a floodplain. The analysis shall meet the requirements of s. NR 116.07. The analysis shall determine the limits of the floodplain and the floodway, the regional flood elevation, and the effects on floodstage of constructing the sewage treatment facility, including dry land access and flood protection. The flood velocities at the sewage treatment facility site, and the duration of the regional flood shall also be determined. If a dry land access waiver is requested in accordance with s. NR 110.15 (3) (c), the flood analysis shall also include the information necessary to support the request.

NR 110.09(2)(o) (o) An assessment of the location of the sewage treatment facilities relative to commercial establishments and to buildings which are occupied or intended for residential use, and from land which is being actively developed for commercial or residential use. The location of sewage treatment facilities shall comply with the provisions of s. NR 110.15 (3) (d).

NR 110.09(2)(p) (p) An assessment of the location of land disposal systems relative to public water supply wells. The location and horizontal separation from the proposed land disposal site and any public water supply well shall be shown. The assessment shall discuss the hydrogeologic conditions of the area, the direction of groundwater movement, the depth of the public well casing, and any other appropriate information. The department will determine whether the separation distance between the land disposal system and the public well is sufficient to protect the public health and quality of the public water supply.

NR 110.09(2)(q) (q) Soil boring logs if the selected treatment alternative includes lagoons or land disposal of effluent. The borings shall supply accurate information about the soil conditions, and groundwater and bedrock elevations at the proposed treatment facility site.

NR 110.09(2)(r) (r) Any facility plan which recommends the abandonment of a wastewater treatment, sludge or septage storage lagoon, or land disposal system shall include an abandonment plan. An abandonment plan outlining the proposed method of abandonment of the facility shall be submitted as part of the facility plan to the department for approval. This abandonment plan shall provide for the removal and proper recycling, treatment or disposal of any accumulated solid matter, solid or liquid wastes or wastes in combination with soil. All recycling, treatment and disposal shall be conducted so as to protect public health and the environment. Unless otherwise directed by the department, all abandonment plans for wastewater treatment, sludge or septage storage lagoons, or high rate land disposal systems shall comply with ch. NR 720 for soils that have been contaminated by the contents of the lagoon or system. The abandonment plan shall address relandscaping necessary to prevent accumulation of standing water or runoff and shall provide for completion of the relandscaping within 2 years of the date on which the structure was last used as it was originally intended. The department shall require groundwater monitoring for a minimum of one year at a quarterly frequency after the abandonment of facilities which have an existing groundwater monitoring system. Groundwater monitoring may be required on a case-by-case basis for facilities which do not have existing groundwater monitoring systems. The monitoring data shall be reviewed after 1 year and the department shall determine whether groundwater monitoring should be continued or not. Any groundwater monitoring wells which are no longer necessary shall be abandoned in accordance with ch. NR 141 and documentation of well abandonment shall be provided to the department.

NR 110.09(3) (3) Content of an environmental analysis. An adequate environmental analysis must be an integral, though identifiable, part of any facilities plan submitted to the department under sub. (1). The analyses that constitute an adequate environmental analysis shall include:

NR 110.09(3)(a) (a) Description of the existing environment without the project. This shall include for the delineated planning area a description of the present environmental conditions relevant to the analysis of alternatives or determinations of the environmental impacts of the proposed action. This description shall include, but not be limited to, discussions of the following topics where applicable to a particular study: surface and ground water quality; water supply and use; general hydrology; air quality; noise levels; energy production and consumption; land use trends; population projections, wetlands, floodplains, coastal zones and other environmentally sensitive areas; historic and archaeological sites; other related federal or state projects in the area; and plant and animal communities which may be affected, especially those containing threatened or endangered species.

NR 110.09(3)(b) (b) Description of the future environment without the project. The future environmental conditions with the no project alternative shall be forecast, covering the same areas listed in par. (a).

NR 110.09(3)(c) (c) Evaluation of alternatives. This discussion shall include a comparative analysis of feasible options and a systematic development of wastewater treatment alternatives. The alternatives shall be screened with respect to capital and operating costs; significant primary and secondary environmental effects; physical, legal or institutional constraints; and whether or not they meet regulatory requirements. Special and induced impacts such as development. The reasons for rejecting any alternatives shall be presented in addition to any significant environmental benefits precluded by rejection of an alternative. The analysis should consider, when relevant to the project:

NR 110.09(3)(c)1. 1. Flow and waste reduction measures, including infiltration/inflow reduction;

NR 110.09(3)(c)2. 2. Alternative locations, capacities, and construction phasing of facilities;

NR 110.09(3)(c)3. 3. Alternative waste management techniques, including treatment and discharge, wastewater reuse and land application;

NR 110.09(3)(c)4. 4. Alternative methods for disposal of sludge and other residual waste, including process options and final disposal options;

NR 110.09(3)(c)5. 5. Improving effluent quality through more efficient operation and maintenance;

NR 110.09(3)(d) (d) Environmental impacts of the proposed action. Primary and secondary impacts of the proposed action shall be described, giving special attention to unavoidable impacts, steps to mitigate adverse impacts, any irreversible or irretrievable commitments of resources to the project and the relationship between local short term uses of the environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long term productivity. The significance of land use impacts shall be evaluated, based on current population of the planning area; design year population for the service area; percentage of the service area currently vacant; and plans for staging facilities. Special attention should be given to induced changes in population patterns and growth, particularly if a project involves some degree of regionalization.

NR 110.09(3)(e) (e) Steps to minimize adverse effects. This section shall describe structural and nonstructural measures, if any, in the facilities plan to mitigate or eliminate significant adverse effects on the human and natural environments. Structural provisions include but are not limited to changes in facility design, size, and location; nonstructural provisions include but are not limited to staging facilities as well as developing and enforcing land use regulations and environmentally protective regulations.

NR 110.09(3)(f) (f) Documentation. Sources of information used to describe the existing environment and to assess future environmental impacts should be documented. In addition to the department, these sources should include regional, state and federal agencies with responsibility or interest in the types of impacts listed in par. (a). In particular, the following agencies should be consulted:

NR 110.09(3)(f)1. 1. Local, and regional land use planning agencies and areawide waste treatment management planning agencies for assessments of land use trends and population projections, especially those affecting size, timing, and location of facilities;