NR 106.985(2)(b)2.2. A summary of activities that have been implemented during the previous year and description of which, if any, activities from the approved PFOS and PFOA minimization plan were not pursued and why. NR 106.985(2)(b)3.3. An assessment of whether each implemented PFOS and PFOA minimization action appears to be effective or ineffective at reducing pollutant discharge concentrations and identification of actions planned for the upcoming year. NR 106.985(2)(b)4.4. Identification of barriers that have limited the plan’s effectiveness and adjustments to the plan that will be implemented during the next year to help address these barriers. NR 106.985(2)(c)(c) A permittee may be allowed up to a maximum period of 85 months from the date the permit was modified or revoked and reissued to include the initial PFOS and PFOA minimization plan to implement PFOS and PFOA source reduction activities. After the initial PFOS and PFOA minimization plan is incorporated into the permit under par. (b), prior to each subsequent permit reissuance within the maximum 85 month period, the department shall evaluate whether levels of PFOS or PFOA in the effluent still have the reasonable potential to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the standard pursuant to s. NR 106.98 (4). If the department determines that levels of PFOS or PFOA in the effluent no longer have the reasonable potential to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the standard, the department may remove future PFOS and PFOA minimization plan requirements and future scheduled actions. However, the department shall include terms and conditions in the permit in accordance with the requirements in sub. (3). If the department determines that levels of PFOS or PFOA in the effluent still have the reasonable potential to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the PFOS or PFOA standard and there are feasible effective PFOS or PFOA source reduction activities that the permittee can still implement, the department may include the PFOS and PFOA minimization plan with source reduction activities in the reissued permit as a condition of the schedule. The department may require submittal of an updated PFOS and PFOA minimization plan as part of the reissuance application, or the permittee may choose to submit a revised PFOS and PFOA minimization plan. All revised PFOS and PFOA minimization plans are subject to department review and approval. If, however, the department or the permittee determine that there are no more feasible effective PFOS or PFOA source reduction activities that a permittee can implement, then the source reduction activities have been completed and par. (d) applies. NR 106.985(2)(d)(d) After the actions in pars. (a) to (c) have been completed, all of the following requirements apply: NR 106.985(2)(d)1.1. For PFOS, after a permittee has completed all feasible PFOS source reduction activities within the maximum allowable period of 85 months, if the department determines levels of PFOS in the permitted discharge still have the reasonable potential, as determined using the procedures in s. NR 106.98 (4), to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the PFOS standard in s. NR 102.04 (8) (d) 1., the permittee shall be required to achieve compliance with a water quality-based effluent limitation that is calculated using the procedure in s. NR 106.98 (4). The limit shall be expressed as a monthly average and in accordance with the requirements in s. NR 106.07 unless impracticable. NR 106.985(2)(d)2.2. For PFOA, after a permittee has completed all feasible PFOA source reduction activities within the maximum allowable period of 85 months, if the department determines levels of PFOA in the discharge still have the reasonable potential, as determined under the procedures in s. NR 106.98 (4), to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the PFOA standard in s. NR 102.04 (8) (d) 1., a water quality-based effluent limitation for PFOA shall be included in the permit. The limitation shall be calculated using the calculation procedures in s. NR 106.98 (4). The PFOA limitation shall be expressed as a monthly average and in accordance with the requirements in s. NR 106.07 unless impracticable. NR 106.985(2)(d)3.3. The department may provide additional time in the compliance schedule consistent with the requirements under s. NR 106.117 to achieve compliance with the water quality-based effluent limitations as soon as reasonably possible. NR 106.985(2)(d)4.4. The department shall require continued monitoring of PFOS and PFOA with the water quality-based effluent limitation at a frequency specified in the permit and may require continued monitoring in the permit even if a water quality-based effluent limit for PFOS or PFOA is not required in the permit under this subsection. NR 106.985(3)(3) Maintenance of PFOS and PFOA effluent quality. If implementation of the PFOS and PFOA minimization plan reduces or eliminates the discharge of PFOS and PFOA to a level where the permitted discharge no longer has the reasonable potential to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the PFOS or PFOA standards under s. NR 102.04 (8) (d) 1., the permittee shall maintain effluent quality below the standards. The department may require continued monitoring of PFOS and PFOA and may include requirements in a permit to ensure maintenance of effluent quality. NR 106.985 HistoryHistory: CR 21-083: cr. Register July 2022 No. 799, eff. 8-1-22. NR 106.99NR 106.99 PFOS and PFOA minimization plans. NR 106.99(1)(1) General. A PFOS and PFOA minimization plan shall include similar types of goals and actions that are required for pollutant minimization programs under s. NR 106.04 (5). The plan shall be implemented in a manner that reduces PFOS and PFOA concentrations to the maximum extent practicable and shall include all of the following: NR 106.99(1)(a)(a) Identification of specific PFOS and PFOA source reduction activities to be undertaken and a relative timeline to implement those activities. NR 106.99(1)(b)(b) A list of PFOS and PFOA source reduction activities that have been implemented prior to submission of the plan, if any, and a description of how effective those activities were in reducing potential and actual PFOS or PFOA discharges, concentrations, or sources. NR 106.99(1)(c)(c) An explanation of how implementation of the PFOS and PFOA minimization plan will be documented, including measures such as the number of contacts of various types made, programs implemented, and other activities. NR 106.99(1)(d)(d) Steps to measure the effectiveness of the PFOS and PFOA minimization plan elements in reducing potential and actual PFOS and PFOA discharges. Where the permittee regularly monitors influent, effluent, sludge, or biosolids for PFOS and PFOA, measures shall include any changes in PFOS and PFOA concentrations over comparable historic data. When practicable, other measures or estimates of PFOS and PFOA reductions from programs such as PFOS and PFOA recycling, collection, or safe disposal may also be included. NR 106.99(2)(2) Municipal discharger plans. In addition to the actions under sub. (1), for permitted municipal dischargers, a PFOS and PFOA minimization plan shall consist of all of the following elements: NR 106.99(2)(a)(a) Source identification. The permittee shall establish an inventory of treatment system users to identify dischargers to the municipal treatment system that may be significant sources of PFOS or PFOA. NR 106.99 NoteNote: The following types of users are examples of users that have the potential to be significant sources of PFOS or PFOA: (a) Metal finishers that are using, or have used, PFAS-containing wetting agents, demisters, defoamers, or surfactants in their plating tanks; (b) Landfills that have accepted waste from metal finishers using hexavalent chromium or other industries associated with PFAS use, including tanneries, fabric or leather treaters, or paper manufacturers; (c) Contaminated sites discharging wastewater potentially containing PFAS, including those associated with firefighting foam, certain metal finishing wastes, or water- or stain-repellent treatment chemicals, (d) Centralized waste treatment facilities that accept any of the above wastewaters; and (e) Any other industrial users that use or have used PFAS products or raw materials.
NR 106.99(2)(b)(b) Source monitoring. Once sources have been identified under par. (a), the permittee shall develop a monitoring plan to sample all probable sources of PFOS and PFOA, the sampling protocol that will be followed, and the timeline for completion. The monitoring plan shall include a schedule to conduct all sampling of identified probable sources of PFOS and PFOA within the first 24 months from the date the permit was modified or revoked and reissued to include the initial PFOS and PFOA minimization plan. Any plan developed for collecting PFOS and PFOA samples from the permittee’s sewer system users may be independently implemented by the permittee, jointly by the permittee and others, or by another governmental unit. NR 106.99(2)(c)(c) Perform source monitoring. The permittee shall provide sample results from each probable source identified in the monitoring plan for PFOS and PFOA, using grab samples, and following recommended sampling protocols to prevent cross-contamination. NR 106.99 NoteNote: Permittees may refer to the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality’s “Wastewater PFAS Sampling Guidance” for recommended sampling protocols and cross-contamination prevention measures. This document may be found through searching the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy website.
NR 106.99(2)(d)(d) Actions to reduce or eliminate PFOS and PFOA in permitted discharges. The plan shall identify PFOS and PFOA source reduction activities and measures to eliminate, reduce, or control sources to the maximum extent practicable. NR 106.99 NoteNote: An example of an action to eliminate, reduce, or control PFAS in permitted discharges is to update sewer use ordinances.
NR 106.99(2)(e)(e) Education and outreach. The plan shall include activities to educate the general public, industrial and commercial sewer system users, or other professionals about the ways to reduce the use of PFAS-containing products, proper disposal of PFAS-containing products, and other mitigation efforts. NR 106.99(2)(f)(f) Other activities. The plan may include activities that the department, in consultation with the permittee, determines to be appropriate for the individual permittee’s circumstances. NR 106.99(3)(3) Primary and secondary industry plans. In addition to the provisions under s. NR 106.99 (1), for primary and secondary industries, a PFOS and PFOA minimization plan shall consist of an evaluation of all of the following elements: NR 106.99(3)(c)(c) Substitution of raw materials or chemical additives with low or zero PFOS, PFOA, and PFOS and PFOA precursor alternatives. NR 106.99(3)(f)(f) Other activities that the department, in consultation with the permittee, determines to be appropriate for the individual permittee’s circumstances. NR 106.99(4)(4) Reviewing and approving a PFOS and PFOA minimization plan. In reviewing the appropriate elements for a PFOS and PFOA minimization plan for municipal dischargers or primary and secondary industrial dischargers, the department shall consider all of the following: NR 106.99(4)(c)(c) The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in the effluent, influent, and biosolids or sludge, if applicable and available. NR 106.99(4)(d)(d) The costs of potential PFOS and PFOA minimization plan elements. NR 106.99(4)(e)(e) The environmental costs and benefits of the PFOS and PFOA minimization plan elements. NR 106.99(4)(f)(f) The characteristics of the community in which the discharger is located, if applicable. NR 106.99(4)(h)(h) The opportunities available for support from or cooperation with other organizations. NR 106.99(4)(i)(i) The actions the discharger has taken in the past to reduce PFOS or PFOA use or discharges. NR 106.99(5)(5) Revisions to plans. Any revision to previously approved plans requires department approval. NR 106.99 HistoryHistory: CR 21-083: cr. Register July 2022 No. 799, eff. 8-1-22. NR 106.995NR 106.995 Sampling and laboratory analysis requirements. NR 106.995(1)(1) The permittee shall collect samples in accordance with the requirements in the permit. The department may require either grab or composite samples as a permit condition. If the permittee uses a composite sampler, an equipment blank is required. NR 106.995 NoteNote: If the permittee uses a composite sampler, it is recommended the permittee contact their department compliance representative prior to sample collection for additional sampling information.
NR 106.995(2)(2) The laboratory performing the analyses on any samples shall be certified for the applicable PFAS compounds in the aqueous matrix by the Wisconsin Laboratory Certification Program established under s. 299.11, Stats., in accordance with s. NR 149.41. NR 106.995 NoteNote: If the EPA Office of Water publishes a 1600 series isotope dilution method for the analysis of PFAS in wastewater, the department recommends use of the EPA method.
NR 106.995(3)(3) The department may reject any sample results if results are produced by a laboratory that is not in compliance with certification requirements under ch. NR 149. NR 106.995 HistoryHistory: CR 21-083: cr. Register July 2022 No. 799, eff. 8-1-22. NR 106.996NR 106.996 New dischargers or new sources. If the department determines that a new source or new discharger may have the reasonable potential to cause or contribute to an exceedance of the PFOS or PFOA standard under s. NR 102.04 (8) (d) 1., the permittee shall install pollution control measures to achieve the standard prior to discharge, and water quality-based effluent limitations for PFOS or PFOA or both that are calculated using the procedure in ss. NR 106.07 (2) and 106.98 (4) and ch. NR 207 shall be included in the permit. NR 106.996 HistoryHistory: CR 21-083: cr. Register July 2022 No. 799, eff. 8-1-22; correction made under s. 35.17, Stats., Register July 2022 No. 799.
