Chapter DWD 81

DWD 81.11 DWD 81.11 Inpatient hospitalization guidelines.

DWD 81.11(1) (1) General principles.

DWD 81.11(1)(a) (a) For purposes of this chapter, hospitalization is characterized as inpatient if the patient spends at least one night in a hospital, except for a patient in outpatient short stay status recovering after surgery for less than 24 hours or a patient in observation status.

DWD 81.11(1)(b) (b) Unless a patient’s condition requires special care, only ward or semiprivate accommodations are necessary. The admitting health care provider shall document the patient’s special care needs.

DWD 81.11(1)(c) (c) Admission before the day of surgery is necessary only if it is medically necessary to stabilize the patient before surgery. Admission before the day of surgery to perform any part of a preoperative work-up that could have been completed as an outpatient is not necessary.

DWD 81.11(1)(d) (d) Inpatient hospitalization solely for physical therapy, bedrest, or administration of injectable drugs is necessary only if the treatment is otherwise necessary and the patient’s condition makes the patient unable to perform the activities of daily life and participate in the patient’s own treatment and self-care.

DWD 81.11(1)(e) (e) Discharge from the hospital shall be at the earliest possible date consistent with proper health care.

DWD 81.11(2) (2) Specific guidelines for hospital admission of patients with low back pain.

DWD 81.11(2)(a) (a) A health care provider shall direct hospitalization for low back pain in the circumstances in pars. (b) to (e).

DWD 81.11(2)(b) (b) When the patient experiences incapacitating pain as evidenced by inability to mobilize for activities of daily living, for example unable to ambulate to the bathroom, and, in addition, the intensity of service during admission meets any of the following:

DWD 81.11(2)(b)1. 1. Physical therapy is necessary at least twice daily for assistance with mobility. Heat, cold, ultrasound, and massage therapy alone do not meet this criterion.

DWD 81.11(2)(b)2. 2. Muscle relaxants or narcotic analgesics are necessary intramuscularly or intravenously for a minimum of 3 injections in 24 hours. Need for parenteral analgesics is determined by any of the following:

DWD 81.11(2)(b)2.a. a. An inability to take oral medications or diet by mouth.

DWD 81.11(2)(b)2.b. b. An inability to achieve relief with aggressive oral analgesics.

DWD 81.11(2)(c) (c) For surgery that is otherwise necessary according to s. DWD 81.12 (1) and is appropriately scheduled as an inpatient procedure.

DWD 81.11(2)(d) (d) For evaluation and treatment of cauda equina syndrome according to s. DWD 81.06 (13).

DWD 81.11(2)(e) (e) For evaluation and treatment of foot drop or progressive neurologic deficit according to s. DWD 81.06 (13).

DWD 81.11 History History: CR 07-019: cr. Register October 2007 No. 622, eff. 11-1-07.

DWD 81.12 DWD 81.12 Guidelines for surgical procedures.

DWD 81.12(1) (1) Spinal surgery.

DWD 81.12(1)(a) (a) General. In addition to this section, initial nonsurgical, surgical and chronic management guidelines are also in s. DWD 81.06, relating to low back pain; s. DWD 81.07, relating to neck pain; and s. DWD 81.08, relating to thoracic back pain.

DWD 81.12(1)(b) (b) Surgical decompression of lumbar nerve root or roots. Surgical decompression of a lumbar nerve root or roots includes all of the following lumbar procedures: laminectomy, laminotomy, discectomy, microdiscectomy, percutaneous discectomy, or foraminotomy. The procedure at each nerve root is subject independently to the requirements of subds. 1. and 2.

DWD 81.12(1)(b)1. 1. A health care provider may perform surgical decompression of a lumbar nerve root for any of the following diagnoses:

DWD 81.12(1)(b)1.a. a. Intractable and incapacitating regional low back pain with positive nerve root tension signs and an imaging study showing displacement of lumbar intervertebral disc that impinges significantly on a nerve root or the thecal sac, ICD-9-CM code 722.10.

DWD 81.12(1)(b)1.b. b. Sciatica, ICD-9-CM code 724.3.

DWD 81.12(1)(b)1.c. c. Lumbosacral radiculopathy or radiculitis, ICD-9-CM code 724.4.

DWD 81.12(1)(b)2. 2. Any of the following conditions in this subdivision and any of the conditions in subd. 3. shall be satisfied to indicate that the surgery is reasonably required. For the response to nonsurgical care, the patient’s condition includes one of the following:

DWD 81.12(1)(b)2.a. a. Failure to improve with a minimum of 8 weeks of initial nonsurgical care.

DWD 81.12(1)(b)2.b. b. Cauda equina syndrome, ICD-9-CM code 344.6, 344.60, or 344.61.

DWD 81.12(1)(b)2.c. c. Progressive neurological deficits.

DWD 81.12(1)(b)3. 3. The patient exhibits one of the clinical findings of subd. 3. a. in combination with the test results of subd. 3. b. or, in the case of diagnosis in subd. 1. a., a decompression of the lumbar nerve root is the appropriate treatment for the patient’s condition.

DWD 81.12(1)(b)3.a. a. Subjective sensory symptoms in a dermatomal distribution that may include radiating pain, burning, numbness, tingling, or paresthesia, or objective clinical findings of nerve root specific motor deficit, including foot drop or quadriceps weakness, reflex changes, or positive electromyography.

DWD 81.12(1)(b)3.b. b. Medical imaging test results that correlate with the level of nerve root involvement consistent with both the subjective and objective findings.

DWD 81.12(1)(c) (c) Surgical decompression of a cervical nerve root. Surgical decompression of a cervical nerve root or roots includes all of the following cervical procedures: laminectomy, laminotomy, discectomy, foraminotomy with, or without, fusion. For decompression of multiple nerve roots, the procedure at each nerve root is subject to the guidelines of subds. 1. and 2.

DWD 81.12(1)(c)1. 1. A health care provider may perform surgical decompression of a cervical nerve root for any of the following diagnoses:

DWD 81.12(1)(c)1.a. a. Displacement of cervical intervertebral disc, ICD-9-CM code 722.0, excluding fracture.

DWD 81.12(1)(c)1.b. b. Cervical radiculopathy or radiculitis, ICD-9-CM code 723.4, excluding fracture.

DWD 81.12(1)(c)2. 2. Any of the requirements in this subdivision and any of the requirements in subd. 3. shall be satisfied to indicate that surgery is reasonably required. For the response to nonsurgical care, the patient’s condition includes any of the following:

DWD 81.12(1)(c)2.a. a. Failure to improve with a minimum of 8 weeks of initial nonsurgical care.

DWD 81.12(1)(c)2.b. b. Cervical compressive myelopathy.

DWD 81.12(1)(c)2.c. c. Progressive neurologic deficits.

DWD 81.12(1)(c)3. 3. The patient exhibits one of the clinical findings of subd. 3. a. in combination with the test results of subd. 3. b.

DWD 81.12(1)(c)3.a. a. Subjective sensory symptoms in a dermatomal distribution that may include radiating pain, burning, numbness, tingling or paresthesia, or objective clinical findings of nerve root specific motor deficit, reflex changes, or positive electromyography.

DWD 81.12(1)(c)3.b. b. Medical imaging test results that correlate with the level of nerve root involvement consistent with both the subjective and objective findings.

DWD 81.12(1)(d) (d) Lumbar arthrodesis with or without instrumentation. A health care provider may perform surgery for a lumbar arthrodesis when any of the following diagnoses are present to indicate that the surgery is reasonably required:

DWD 81.12(1)(d)1. 1. Unstable lumbar vertebral fracture, ICD-9-CM codes 805.4, 805.5, 806.4, and 806.5.

DWD 81.12(1)(d)2. 2. For a second or third surgery only, documented reextrusion or redisplacement of lumbar intervertebral disc, ICD-9-CM code 722.10, after previous successful disc surgery at the same level and new lumbar radiculopathy with or without incapacitating back pain, ICD-9-CM code 724.4. Documentation under this subdivision shall include a magnetic resonance imaging scan or computed tomography scan or a myelogram.

DWD 81.12(1)(d)3. 3. Traumatic spinal deformity including a history of compression or wedge fracture or fractures, ICD-9-CM code 733.1, and demonstrated acquired kyphosis or scoliosis, ICD-9-CM codes 737.1, 737.10, 737.30, 737.41, and 737.43.

DWD 81.12(1)(d)4. 4. Incapacitating low back pain, ICD-9-CM code 724.2, for longer than 3 months, and any of the following conditions involving lumbar segments L-3 and below is present:

DWD 81.12(1)(d)4.a. a. For the first surgery only, degenerative disc disease, ICD-9-CM code 722.4, 722.5, 722.6, or 722.7, with postoperative documentation of instability created or found at the time of surgery, or positive discogram at one or 2 levels.

DWD 81.12(1)(d)4.b. b. Pseudoarthrosis, ICD-9-CM code 733.82.

DWD 81.12(1)(d)4.c. c. For the second or third surgery only, previously operated disc.

DWD 81.12(1)(d)4.d. d. Spondylolisthesis.

DWD 81.12(1)(d)5. 5. A health care provider may not perform a lumbar arthrodesis as the first primary surgical procedure for a new, acute lumbosacral disc herniation with unilateral radiating leg pain in a radicular pattern with or without neurological deficit.

DWD 81.12(2) (2) Upper extremity surgery.

DWD 81.12(2)(a) (a) General. Initial nonsurgical, surgical, and chronic management guidelines for upper extremity disorders are set forth in s. DWD 81.09 (1) to (16).

DWD 81.12(2)(b) (b) Rotator cuff repair. A health care provider may perform rotator cuff surgery for any of the following diagnoses:

DWD 81.12(2)(b)1. 1. Rotator cuff syndrome of the shoulder, ICD-9-CM code 726.1, and allied disorders, including unspecified disorders of shoulder bursae and tendons, ICD-9-CM code 726.10; calcifying tendinitis of shoulder, ICD-9-CM code 726.11; bicipital tenosynovitis, ICD-9-CM code 726.12; and other specified disorders, ICD-9-CM code 726.19.

DWD 81.12(2)(b)2. 2. Tear of rotator cuff, ICD-9-CM code 727.61.

DWD 81.12(2)(c) (c) Criteria and indications for rotator cuff repair. In addition to one of the diagnoses in par. (b), both of the following conditions shall be satisfied to indicate that surgery for rotator cuff repair is necessary:

DWD 81.12(2)(c)1. 1. The patient’s condition failed to improve in response to nonsurgical care with adequate initial nonsurgical treatment.

DWD 81.12(2)(c)2. 2. The patient’s clinical findings exhibit any of the following:

DWD 81.12(2)(c)2.a. a. Severe shoulder pain and inability to elevate the shoulder.

DWD 81.12(2)(c)2.b. b. Weak or absent abduction and tenderness over rotator cuff or pain relief obtained with an injection of anesthetic for diagnostic or therapeutic trial.

DWD 81.12(2)(c)2.c. c. Positive findings in arthrogram, magnetic resonance imaging scan, or ultrasound, or positive findings on previous arthroscopy, if performed.

DWD 81.12(2)(d) (d) Acromioplasty diagnosis. A health care provider may perform acromioplasty for the diagnosis of acromial impingement syndrome, ICD-9-CM codes 726.0 to 726.2. In addition to the diagnosis in this paragraph, both of the following conditions shall be satisfied to indicate that surgery is necessary:

DWD 81.12(2)(d)1. 1. The patient’s condition has failed to improve in response to nonsurgical care after adequate initial nonsurgical care.

DWD 81.12(2)(d)2. 2. The patient’s clinical findings exhibit pain with active elevation from 90 to 130 degrees, pain at night, and a positive impingement test.

DWD 81.12(2)(e) (e) Repair of acromioclavicular or costoclavicular ligaments. A health care provider may perform surgical repair of acromioclavicular or costoclavicular ligaments for the diagnosis of acromioclavicular separation, ICD-9-CM codes 831.04 to 831.14.

DWD 81.12(2)(e)1. 1. In addition to the diagnosis in this paragraph, the guidelines in subds. 2. and 3. shall be satisfied for repair of acromioclavicular or costoclavicular ligaments.

DWD 81.12(2)(e)2. 2. The patient’s condition or response to nonsurgical care includes any of the following:

DWD 81.12(2)(e)2.a. a. Failure to improve after at least a one-week trial period in a support brace.

DWD 81.12(2)(e)2.b. b. Separation cannot be reduced and held in a brace.

DWD 81.12(2)(e)2.c. c. Grade III separation has occurred.

DWD 81.12(2)(e)3. 3. The patient’s clinical findings exhibit localized pain at the acromioclavicular joint and prominent distal clavicle and radiographic evidence of separation at the acromioclavicular joint.

DWD 81.12(2)(f) (f) Excision of distal clavicle diagnosis. A health care provider may perform excision of the distal clavicle for any of the following diagnoses specified in subd. 1. to 3.:

DWD 81.12(2)(f)1. 1. Acromioclavicular separation, ICD-9-CM codes 831.01 to 831.14.

DWD 81.12(2)(f)2. 2. Osteoarthrosis of the acromioclavicular joint, ICD-9-CM codes 715.11, 715.21, and 715.31.

DWD 81.12(2)(f)3. 3. Shoulder impingement syndrome.

DWD 81.12(2)(g) (g) Criteria and indications for excision of distal clavicle. In addition to one of the diagnosis in par. (f), all of the following conditions shall be satisfied for excision of distal clavicle:

DWD 81.12(2)(g)1. 1. The patient’s condition failed to improve in response to nonsurgical care with adequate initial nonsurgical care.

DWD 81.12(2)(g)2. 2. The patient’s clinical findings exhibit any of the following:

DWD 81.12(2)(g)2.a. a. Pain at the acromioclavicular joint, with aggravation of pain with motion of shoulder or carrying weight.

DWD 81.12(2)(g)2.b. b. Confirmation that separation of the acromioclavicular joint is unresolved and prominent distal clavicle, or pain relief obtained with an injection of anesthetic for diagnostic or therapeutic trial.

DWD 81.12(2)(g)2.c. c. Separation at the acromioclavicular joint with weight-bearing films or severe degenerative joint disease at the acromioclavicular joint noted on X-rays.

DWD 81.12(2)(h) (h) Repair of shoulder dislocation or subluxation, any procedure.

DWD 81.12(2)(h)1. 1. A health care provider may perform surgical repair of a shoulder dislocation for any of the following diagnoses:

DWD 81.12(2)(h)1.a. a. Recurrent dislocations, ICD-9-CM code 718.31.

DWD 81.12(2)(h)1.b. b. Recurrent subluxations.