Chapter DHS 157

DHS 157.72(1)(d)2.b. b. The name of the prescribing physician.

DHS 157.72(1)(d)2.c. c. A brief description of the event.

DHS 157.72(1)(d)2.d. d. Why the event occurred.

DHS 157.72(1)(d)2.e. e. Any effect on the person who received the administration.

DHS 157.72(1)(d)2.f. f. Any actions that have been taken or are planned to prevent recurrence.

DHS 157.72(1)(d)2.g. g. Whether the licensee notified the person or the person’s responsible relative or guardian and if not, why not.

DHS 157.72(1)(d)2.h. h. If there was notification, what information was provided.

DHS 157.72(1)(d)3. 3. The report required in subd. 1. may not contain the affected individual’s name or any other information that could lead to identification of the person.

DHS 157.72 Note Note: Submit written reports to the Department at: Department of Health Services, Radiation Protection Section, P.O. Box 2659, Madison WI 53701-2659.

DHS 157.72(1)(e) (e) A licensee shall notify the referring physician of the event and also notify the person who is the subject of the medical event no later than 24 hours after its discovery unless the referring physician personally informs the licensee either that the physician will inform the person or that, based on medical judgement, telling the person would be harmful. A licensee is not required to notify the person without first consulting the referring physician. If the referring physician or the affected person cannot be reached within 24 hours, a licensee shall notify the person as soon as possible thereafter. A licensee may not delay any appropriate medical care for the person, including any necessary remedial care resulting from the medical event, because of any delay in notification. To meet the requirements of this paragraph, the notification of the person who is the subject of the medical event may be made instead to that person’s responsible relative or guardian. If a verbal notification is made, a licensee shall inform the person or appropriate responsible relative or guardian that a written description of the event may be obtained from the licensee upon request. A licensee shall provide the written description if requested.

DHS 157.72(1)(f) (f) If the person who is the subject of the medical event was notified under par. (d), a licensee shall also furnish within 30 days after discovery of the medical event a written report to the person by sending either of the following:

DHS 157.72(1)(f)1. 1. A copy of the report that was submitted to the department.

DHS 157.72(1)(f)2. 2. A brief description of both the event and the consequences as they may affect the person.

DHS 157.72(1)(g) (g) Aside from the notification requirement, nothing in this subsection affects any rights or duties of a licensee or physician in relation to each other, to any person affected by the medical event or to any individual’s responsible relatives or guardians.

DHS 157.72(1)(h) (h) A licensee shall retain a record of a medical event under s. DHS 157.71 (4). A copy of the record required under s. DHS 157.71 (4) shall be provided to the referring physician, if other than the licensee, no later then 15 days after the discovery of the event.

DHS 157.72(2) (2) Report of a dose to an embryo or fetus or a nursing child.

DHS 157.72(2)(a) (a) A licensee shall report to the department any dose to an embryo or fetus that is greater than 50 mSv (5 rem) dose equivalent that is a result of an administration of radioactive material or radiation from radioactive material to a pregnant individual unless the dose to the embryo or fetus was specifically approved, in advance, by the authorized user.

DHS 157.72(2)(b) (b) A licensee shall report to the department any dose to a nursing child that is a result of an administration of radioactive material to a breast-feeding individual that meets either of the following criteria:

DHS 157.72(2)(b)1. 1. Greater than 50 mSv (5 rem) total effective dose equivalent.

DHS 157.72(2)(b)2. 2. Resulted in unintended permanent functional damage to an organ or a physiological system of the child, as determined by a physician.

DHS 157.72(2)(c) (c) A licensee shall notify the department by telephone no later than the next calendar day after discovery of a dose to the embryo, fetus or nursing child that requires a report in par. (a) or (b).

DHS 157.72(2)(d) (d) A licensee shall submit a written report to the department within 15 days after discovery of a dose to the embryo, fetus or nursing child that requires a report in par. (a) or (b). The written report shall include all of the following information:

DHS 157.72(2)(d)1. 1. The licensee’s name.

DHS 157.72(2)(d)2. 2. The name of the prescribing physician.

DHS 157.72(2)(d)3. 3. A brief description of the event.

DHS 157.72(2)(d)4. 4. Why the event occurred.

DHS 157.72(2)(d)5. 5. The effect, if any, on the embryo, fetus or the nursing child.

DHS 157.72(2)(d)6. 6. What actions, if any, have been taken or are planned to prevent recurrence.

DHS 157.72(2)(d)7. 7. Certification that the licensee notified the pregnant individual or mother or the mother’s or child’s responsible relative or guardian, and if not, why not.

DHS 157.72(2)(d)8. 8. The report may not contain the individual’s or child’s name or any other information that could lead to identification of the individual or child.

DHS 157.72(2)(e) (e) A licensee shall provide notification of the event to the referring physician and also notify the pregnant individual or mother, both hereafter referred to as the mother, no later than 24 hours after discovery of an event that would require reporting under par. (a) or (b), unless the referring physician personally informs the licensee either that he or she will inform the mother or that, based on medical judgment, telling the mother would be harmful. A licensee is not required to notify the mother without first consulting with the referring physician. If the referring physician or mother cannot be reached within 24 hours, a licensee shall make the appropriate notifications as soon as possible thereafter. A licensee may not delay any appropriate medical care for the embryo, fetus or nursing child, including any necessary remedial care as a result of the event, because of any delay in notification. To meet the requirements of this paragraph, the notification may be made to the mother’s or child’s responsible relative or guardian instead of the mother. If a verbal notification is made, the licensee shall inform the mother, or the mother’s or child’s responsible relative or guardian, that a written description of the event can be obtained from the licensee upon request. A licensee shall provide such a written description if requested.

DHS 157.72(2)(f) (f) A licensee shall do all the following:

DHS 157.72(2)(f)1. 1. Annotate a copy of the report provided to the department with all of the following information:

DHS 157.72(2)(f)1.a. a. Name of the pregnant individual or the nursing child who is the subject of the event.

DHS 157.72(2)(f)1.b. b. Identification number or if no other identification number is available, the social security number of the pregnant individual or the nursing child who is the subject of the event.

DHS 157.72(2)(f)2. 2. Provide a copy of the annotated report to the referring physician, if other than the licensee, no later than 15 days after the discovery of the event.

DHS 157.72(2)(g) (g) A licensee shall retain a record of a dose to an embryo, fetus or a nursing child under s. DHS 157.71 (5).

DHS 157.72(3) (3) Reports of leaking sources. A licensee shall submit a written report to the department within 5 working days if a leakage test required by s. DHS 157.62 (5) reveals the presence of 185 Bq (0.005 mCi) or more of removable contamination. The written report shall include the model number and serial number, if assigned, of the leaking source, the radionuclide and its estimated activity, the results of the test, the date of the test and the action taken.

DHS 157.72(4) (4) Reports for an eluate exceeding permissible molybdenum-99, strontium-82, and strontium-85 concentration.

DHS 157.72(4)(a) (a) The licensee shall notify by telephone the department and the distributor of the generator within 7 calendar days after discovery that an eluate exceeded the permissible concentration listed in s. DHS 157.63 (3) (a) at the time of generator elution. The telephone report to the department must include all of the following information:

DHS 157.72(4)(a)1. 1. The manufacturer, model number, and serial or lot number of the generator.

DHS 157.72(4)(a)2. 2. The results of the measurement and the date of the measurement.

DHS 157.72(4)(a)3. 3. Whether dosages were administered to patients or human research subjects.

DHS 157.72(4)(a)4. 4. When the distributor was notified.

DHS 157.72(4)(a)5. 5. The action taken in response.

DHS 157.72 Note Note: A report may be submitted to the department via telephone at [phone].

DHS 157.72(4)(b) (b) A licensee who makes a report required by par. (a) shall submit a written report within 30 days of the initial telephone report containing all of the following information:

DHS 157.72(4)(b)1. 1. The action taken by the licensee.

DHS 157.72(4)(b)2. 2. The patient dose assessment.

DHS 157.72(4)(b)3. 3. The methodology used to make the dose assessment if the eluate was administered to patients or human research subjects.

DHS 157.72(4)(b)4. 4. The probable cause and an assessment of failure in the licensee’s equipment, procedures or training that contributed to the excessive readings if an error occurred in the licensee’s breakthrough determination.

DHS 157.72(4)(b)5. 5. The information in the telephone report as required by par. (a).

DHS 157.72 Note Note: A written report may be submitted to: Department of Health Services, Radiation Protection Section, P.O. Box 2659, Madison WI 53701-2659

DHS 157.72 History History: CR 01-108: cr. Register July 2002 No. 559, eff. — see Note at the start of the chapter; CR 06-021: r. and recr. (1) (a) 3., (h) and (2) Register October 2006 No. 610, eff. 11-1-06; CR 16-078: am. (1) (a) 1. (intro.) Register January 2018 No. 745, eff. 2-1-18; CR 22-015: am. (1) (a) (intro.), 3., cr. (1) (am), am. (2) (f) 1. b., cr. (4) Register June 2023 No. 810, eff. 7-1-23.

subch. VII of ch. DHS 157 Subchapter VII — Radiation Safety Requirements for Irradiators

DHS 157.73 DHS 157.73 Radiation safety requirements.

DHS 157.73(1) (1) Performance criteria for sealed sources.

DHS 157.73(1)(a) (a) A sealed source installed in an irradiator shall meet all of the following requirements:

DHS 157.73(1)(a)1. 1. Be evaluated and receive a certificate of registration under 10 CFR 32.210 or the equivalent agreement state regulation.

DHS 157.73(1)(a)2. 2. Be doubly encapsulated.

DHS 157.73(1)(a)3. 3. Use radioactive material that is as nondispersible and insoluble as practical if the source is used in a wet-source-storage or wet-source-change irradiator.

DHS 157.73(1)(a)4. 4. Be encapsulated in a material resistant to general corrosion and to localized corrosion such as 316L stainless steel or other material with equivalent resistance if the sources are for use in irradiator pools.

DHS 157.73(1)(a)5. 5. In prototype testing of the sealed source, be leak tested and found leak-free after each of the tests in par. (b).

DHS 157.73(1)(b) (b) A sealed source used in an irradiator shall be subjected to all of the following tests prior to use:

DHS 157.73(1)(b)1. 1. ‘Temperature.’ The test source shall be held at -40°C for 20 minutes, 600°C for one hour, and then be immediately subjected to thermal shock test with a temperature drop from 600°C to 20°C within 15 seconds.

DHS 157.73(1)(b)2. 2. ‘Pressure.’ The test source shall be twice subjected for at least 5 minutes to an absolute external pressure of 2 million newtons per square meter.

DHS 157.73(1)(b)3. 3. ‘Impact.’ A 2 kilogram steel weight, 2.5 centimeters in diameter, shall be dropped from a height of one meter on to the test source.

DHS 157.73(1)(b)4. 4. ‘Vibration.’ The test source shall be subjected 3 times for 10 minutes each to vibrations sweeping from 25 hertz to 500 hertz with a peak amplitude of 5 times the acceleration of gravity. In addition, each test source shall be vibrated for 30 minutes at each resonant frequency found.

DHS 157.73(1)(b)5. 5. ‘Puncture.’ A 50 gram weight and pin, 0.3 centimeter pin diameter, shall be dropped from a height of one meter on to the test source.

DHS 157.73(1)(b)6. 6. ‘Bend.’ If the length of the source is more than 15 times larger than the minimum cross-sectional dimension, the test source shall be subjected to a force of 2000 newtons at its center equidistant from 2 support cylinders, the distance between which is 10 times the minimum cross-sectional dimension of the source.

DHS 157.73(2) (2) Access control.

DHS 157.73(2)(a) (a) Each entrance to a radiation room at a panoramic irradiator shall have a door or other physical barrier to prevent inadvertent entry of personnel when the sources are not in the shielded position. Product conveyor systems may serve as barriers as long as they reliably and consistently function as a barrier. It shall be impossible to move the sources out of their shielded position if the door or barrier is open. Opening the door or barrier while the sources are exposed shall cause the sources to return promptly to the shielded position. The personnel entrance door or barrier shall have a lock that is operated by the same key used to move the sources. The control panel lock shall be designed so that the key cannot be removed unless the sources have been returned to the shielded position. The doors and barriers may not prevent any person in the radiation room from leaving.

DHS 157.73(2)(b) (b) Each entrance to a radiation room at a panoramic irradiator shall have an independent backup access control to detect personnel entry while the sources are exposed. Detection of entry while the sources are exposed shall cause the sources to return to their fully shielded position and shall activate a visible and audible alarm to make the person entering the room aware of the hazard. The alarm shall also alert at least one other person who is on-site of the entry. The person alerted shall be trained on how to respond to the alarm and prepared to promptly render or summon assistance.

DHS 157.73(2)(c) (c) A radiation monitor shall be provided to detect the presence of high radiation levels in the radiation room of a panoramic irradiator before personnel entry. The monitor shall be integrated with personnel access door locks to prevent room access when radiation levels are high. Attempted personnel entry while the monitor measures high radiation levels shall activate the alarm described in par. (b). The monitor may be located in the entrance, normally referred to as the maze, but not in the direct radiation beam.

DHS 157.73(2)(d) (d) Before the sources move from their shielded position in a panoramic irradiator, the source control shall automatically activate conspicuous visible and audible alarms to alert people in the radiation room that the sources will be moved from their shielded position. The alarms shall give persons enough time to leave the room before the sources leave the shielded position.

DHS 157.73(2)(e) (e) Each radiation room of a panoramic irradiator shall have a clearly visible and readily accessible control that allows a person in the room to make the sources return to their fully shielded position.

DHS 157.73(2)(f) (f) Each radiation room of a panoramic irradiator shall contain a control that prevents the sources from moving from the shielded position unless the control has been activated and the door or barrier to the radiation room has been closed within a preset time after activation of the control.

DHS 157.73(2)(g) (g) Each entrance to the radiation room of a panoramic irradiator and each entrance to the area within the personnel access barrier of an underwater irradiator shall have a sign bearing the radiation symbol and the words, “Caution (or danger), radioactive material.” A panoramic irradiator shall have a sign stating “Grave (or Extreme) danger, very high radiation area,” but the sign may be removed, covered or otherwise made inoperative when the sources are fully shielded.

DHS 157.73(2)(h) (h) If the radiation room of a panoramic irradiator has roof plugs or movable shielding, no person may operate the irradiator unless the shielding is in its proper location. The requirement may be met by interlocks that prevent operation if shielding is not placed properly or by an operating procedure requiring inspection of shielding before operating.

DHS 157.73(2)(i) (i) An underwater irradiator shall have a personnel access barrier around the pool that shall be locked to prevent access when the irradiator is not attended. Only operators or facility management may have access to keys that operate the personnel access barrier. There shall be an intrusion alarm to detect unauthorized entry when the personnel access barrier is locked. Activation of the intrusion alarm shall alert a person who is not necessarily on-site but who is prepared to respond or summon assistance.

DHS 157.73(3) (3) Shielding.

DHS 157.73(3)(a) (a) The radiation dose rate in areas that are normally occupied during operation of a panoramic irradiator may not exceed 0.02 millisievert (2 mrem) per hour at any location 30 centimeters or more from the wall of the room when the sources are exposed. The dose rate shall be averaged over an area not to exceed 100 square centimeters having no linear dimension greater than 20 centimeters. Any area where the radiation dose rate exceeds 0.02 millisievert (2 mrem) per hour shall be locked, roped off or posted.

DHS 157.73(3)(b) (b) The radiation dose at 30 centimeters over the edge of the pool of a pool irradiator may not exceed 0.02 millisievert (2 mrem) per hour when the sources are in the fully shielded position.

DHS 157.73(3)(c) (c) The radiation dose rate at one meter from the shield of a dry-source-storage panoramic irradiator when the source is shielded may not exceed 0.02 millisievert (2 mrem) per hour and at 5 centimeters from the shield may not exceed 0.2 millisievert (20 mrem) per hour.

DHS 157.73(4) (4) Fire protection.

DHS 157.73(4)(a) (a) The radiation room of a panoramic irradiator shall have heat and smoke detectors. The detectors shall activate an audible alarm. The alarm shall be capable of alerting a person who is prepared to summon assistance promptly. The sources shall automatically become fully shielded if a fire is detected.

DHS 157.73(4)(b) (b) The radiation room of a panoramic irradiator shall be equipped with a fire extinguishing system capable of extinguishing a fire without the entry of personnel into the room. The system for the radiation room shall have a shut-off valve to control flooding into unrestricted areas.

DHS 157.73(5) (5) Radiation monitors.

DHS 157.73(5)(a) (a) An irradiator with an automatic product conveyor system shall have a radiation monitor with an audible alarm located to detect loose radioactive sources that are carried toward the product exit. If the monitor detects a source, an alarm shall sound and product conveyors shall stop automatically. The alarm shall be capable of alerting a person in the facility who is prepared to summon assistance. An underwater irradiator in which the product moves within an enclosed stationary tube is exempt from the requirements of this paragraph.