Wisconsin Legislature: DHS 157.03(372)

(a) It is either a single solid piece or is contained in a sealed capsule that may be opened only by destroying the capsule.

(b) The piece or capsule has at least one dimension not less than 5 millimeters (0.2 in.).

(350) “Special nuclear material” means plutonium, uranium 233, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material which the nuclear regulatory commission determines to be special nuclear material; or any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing. Special nuclear material does not include source material.

(351) “Special nuclear material in quantities not sufficient to form a critical mass” means uranium enriched in the isotope U-235 in quantities not exceeding 350 grams of contained U-235; uranium-233 in quantities not exceeding 200 grams; plutonium in quantities not exceeding 200 grams; or any combination of them under the following formula: For each kind of special nuclear material, determine the ratio between the quantity of that special nuclear material and the quantity specified above for the same kind of special nuclear material. The sum of such ratios for all of the kinds of special nuclear material in combination may not exceed one.

Note: For example, the following quantities in combination would not exceed the limitation and are within the formula:

175 (grams contained U-235) + 50 (grams U-233) + 50 (grams Pu) = 1

350 200 200

(352) “Special unit” means the alternative system of units for quantifying absorbed dose in rad, dose equivalent in rem and radioactivity in curie.

(353) “Specific activity” of a radionuclide means the radioactivity of the radionuclide per unit mass of that nuclide. The specific activity of a material in which the radionuclide is essentially uniformly distributed is the radioactivity per unit mass of the material.

(354) “Specific license” means a license, under requirements prescribed by the department by rule, to possess, use, manufacture, produce, transfer or acquire radioactive material or devices or equipment utilizing radioactive material.

(355) “Spot film” means a radiograph, which is made during a fluoroscopic examination to permanently record conditions that exist during that fluoroscopic procedure.

(356) “Spot-film device” means a device intended to transport and position a radiographic image receptor between an x-ray source and fluoroscopic image receptor. It includes a device intended to hold a cassette over the input end of an image intensifier for the purpose of making a radiograph.

(357) “Stationary beam radiation therapy” means radiation therapy without displacement of one or more mechanical axes relative to the patient during irradiation.

(358) “Stationary x-ray equipment” means x-ray equipment that is installed in a fixed location.

(359) “Stereotactic radiosurgery” means the use of external radiation in conjunction with a stereotactic guidance device to deliver a dose to a tissue volume from multiple sources of radiation simultaneously.

(360) “Stochastic effect” means a health effect that occurs randomly and for which the probability of the effect occurring, rather than its severity, is assumed to be a linear function of dose without threshold. Hereditary effects and cancer incidence are examples of stochastic effects.

(361) “Storage area” means any secure location, facility or vehicle that is used to store and secure a radiographic exposure device, a radiation machine, a storage container or a sealed source, when it is not in use.

(362) “Storage container” means a device in which sealed sources or radiation machines are secured and stored.

(363) “Stray radiation” means the sum of leakage and scattered radiation.

(364) “Structured educational program” means an educational program designed to impart particular knowledge and practical education through interrelated studies and supervised training.

(365) “S-tube” means a tube through which the radioactive source travels when inside a radiographic exposure device.

(366) “Subsurface” means below the surface of the earth.

(367) “Subsurface tracer study” means the release of a substance tagged with radioactive material to trace the movement or position of the tagged substance in the well-bore or adjacent formation.

(368) “Supplied-air respirator” or “SAR” means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user.

(369) “Surface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers” means a pipe or tube used as a lining in a well to isolate fresh water aquifers from the well.

(370) “Surface contaminated object” or “SCO” means a solid object that is not itself classed as radioactive material, but which has radioactive material distributed on any of its surfaces.

(371) “Survey” means an evaluation of the radiological conditions and potential hazards incident to the production, use, transfer, release, disposal or presence of sources of radiation. When appropriate, an evaluation includes tests, physical examinations and measurements of levels of radiation or concentrations of radioactive material present.

(371m) “Tailing” means the residual material resulting from the extraction of minerals from the earth.

(372) “Target” means that part of an x-ray tube or accelerator onto which a beam of accelerated particles is directed to produce ionizing radiation or other particles.

(373) “Target-skin distance” or “TSD” means the distance measured along the beam axis from the center of the front surface of the x-ray target or electron virtual source to the surface of the irradiated object or patient.

(374) “Technique factors” means the following conditions of operation:

(a) For capacitor energy storage equipment, peak tube potential in kV and quantity of charge in mAs.

(b) For field emission equipment rated for pulsed operation, peak tube potential in kV and number of x-ray pulses.

(c) For CT equipment designed for pulsed operation, peak tube potential in kV, scan time in seconds, and either tube current in milliamperes (mA), x-ray pulse width in milliseconds, and the number of x-ray pulses per scan; or the product of tube current, x-ray pulse width, and the number of x-ray pulses per scan expressed as mAs.

(d) For CT x-ray equipment not designed for pulsed operation, peak tube potential in kV, and either tube current in mA and scan time in seconds, or the product of tube current and exposure time in mAs and the scan time when the scan time and exposure time are equivalent.

(e) For all other equipment, peak tube potential in kV and either tube current in mA and exposure time in seconds or the product of tube current and exposure time in mAs.

(374m) “Telemetric position monitoring system” means a data transfer system that captures information by instrumentation or measuring devices about the location and status of a transport vehicle or package between the departure and destination locations.

(375) “Teletherapy” means a method of radiation therapy in which collimated gamma rays are delivered from a source at a distance from the patient or human research subject.

(376) “Temporary job site” means a location where any of the following occur:

(a) Radiographic operations are performed and sources of radiation may be stored other than at the location or locations of use authorized on the license or registration.

(b) Radioactive materials are present for the purpose of performing well logging or subsurface tracer studies.

(377) “Tenth-value layer” or “TVL” means the thickness of a specified material that attenuates x-radiation or gamma radiation to an extent that the air kerma rate; exposure rate or absorbed dose rate is reduced to one-tenth of the value measured without the material at the same point.

(378) “Termination of irradiation” means the stopping of irradiation in a fashion that will not permit continuance of irradiation without the resetting of operating conditions at the control panel.

(379) “Test” means the process of verifying compliance with an applicable regulation.

(380) “Therapeutic dosage” means a dosage of an unsealed radioactive material that is intended to deliver a radiation dose to a patient or human research subject for palliative or curative treatment.

(381) “Therapeutic dose” means a radiation dose delivered from a sealed source containing radioactive material to a patient or human research subject for palliative or curative treatment.

(382) “Therapeutic radiation machine” means x-ray, gamma ray or electron-producing equipment designed and used for external beam or internal radiation therapy.

(383) “Thermoluminescent dosimeter” or “TLD” means a dosimeter containing a crystalline solid for measuring radiation dose, plus filters to help characterize the types of radiation encountered. When heated, TLD crystals that have been exposed to ionizing radiation give off light proportional to the energy they received from the radiation.

(384) “Tight-fitting facepiece” means a respiratory inlet covering that forms a complete seal with the face.

(385) “Tomogram” means the depiction of the x-ray attenuation properties of a section through the body.

(386) “Tomographic plane” means that geometric plane which is identified as corresponding to the output tomogram.

(387) “Tomographic section” means the volume of an object whose x-ray attenuation properties are imaged in a tomogram.

(388) “Total effective dose equivalent” or “TEDE” means the sum of the effective dose equivalent for external exposures and the committed effective dose equivalent for internal exposures.

(389) “Total organ dose equivalent” or “TODE” means the sum of the deep dose equivalent and the committed dose equivalent to the organ receiving the highest dose.

(390) “Transport index” or “TI” means the dimensionless number, rounded up to the next tenth, placed on the label of a package to designate the degree of control to be exercised by the carrier during transportation. The transport index is the number is determined by multiplying the maximum radiation level in millisievert (mSv) per hour at one meter (3.3 feet) from the external surface of the package by 100, which is equivalent to the maximum radiation level in millirem per hour at one meter (3.3 ft).

(391) “Transuranic waste” means waste containing elements having an atomic number greater than 92, a half-life greater than 5 years and in quantities greater than 3.7 kBq/g (100 nCi/g).

(392) “Treatment site” means the anatomical description of the tissue intended to receive a radiation dose, as described in a written directive.

(392m) “Tribal official” means the highest ranking individual that represents Tribal leadership, such as the Chief, President, or Tribal Council leadership.

(393) “Tritium neutron generator target source” means a tritium target source used within a neutron generator tube to produce neutrons for use in well logging applications.

(393m) “Trustworthiness and reliability” means the characteristics of an individual considered dependable in judgment, character, and performance, such that unescorted access to category 1 or category 2 quantities of radioactive material by that individual does not constitute an unreasonable risk to the public health and safety or security. A determination of trustworthiness and reliability for this purpose is based upon the results from a background investigation.

(394) “Tube housing assembly” means the tube housing with tube installed. It includes high-voltage, filament transformers and other appropriate elements which are contained within the tube housing.

(395) “Tube” means an x-ray tube, unless otherwise specified.

(396) “Type A package” means a packaging that, together with its radioactive contents limited to A1 or A2 as appropriate, meets the requirements of 49 CFR 173.410 and 173.412 and is designed to retain the integrity of containment and shielding required under normal conditions of transport as demonstrated by the tests set forth in 49 CFR 173.465 or 173.466, as appropriate.

(397) “Type A quantity” means a quantity of radioactive material, the aggregate radioactivity of which does not exceed A1 for special form radioactive material or A2 for normal form radioactive material, where A1 and A2 are given in ch. DHS 157 Appendix O or may be determined by procedures described in ch. DHS 157 Appendix O.

(398) “Type B package” means a packaging that, together with its radioactive contents, is designed to retain the integrity of containment and shielding required by 49 CFR 173 when subjected to the normal conditions of transport and hypothetical accident test conditions set forth in 10 CFR 71.

Note: A Type B package design is designated as B(U) or B(M). B(U) refers to the need for unilateral approval of international shipments; B(M) refers to the need for multilateral approval. No distinction is made in how packages with these designations may be used in domestic transportation. To determine their distinction for international transportation, refer to 49 CFR Part 173. A Type B package approved prior to September 6, 1983 was designated only as Type B.

(399) “Type B quantity” means a quantity of radioactive material greater than a type A quantity.

(400) “Type of use” means use of radioactive material as specified in s. DHS 157.63 (1) or (2), 157.64 (1), 157.65 (1), 157.66 (1) or 157.67 (1).

(401) “Underwater irradiator” means an irradiator in which the sources always remain shielded under water and humans do not have access to the sealed sources or the space subject to irradiation without entering the pool.

(402) “Underwater radiography” means industrial radiography performed when the radiographic exposure device and related equipment are beneath the surface of the water.

(402g) “Unescorted access” means solitary access to a category 1 or category 2 quantity of radioactive material or the devices that contain the material.

(402m) “Unirradiated uranium” means uranium containing not more than 2 X 103 Bq of plutonium per gram of uranium-235, not more than 9 X 106 Bq of fission products per gram of uranium-235, and not more than 5 X 10-3 g of uranium-236 per gram of uranium-235.

(403) “Unit dosage” means a quantity of radioactive material that meets all the following criteria:

(a) Is obtained or prepared under the requirements in s. DHS 157.63 (1) or (2) or 157.64 (1).

(b) Is to be administered as a single dosage to a patient or human research subject without any further manipulation of the dosage after it is initially prepared, except to adjust the dosage to patient needs.

(404) “Unrefined and unprocessed ore” means ore in its natural form prior to any processing, such as grinding, roasting or beneficiating, or refining the ore from its natural state. Processing does not include sieving or encapsulation of ore or preparation of samples for laboratory analysis.

(405) “Unrestricted area” or “uncontrolled area” means an area, access to which is neither limited nor controlled by the licensee or registrant.

(406) “Uranium sinker bar” means a weight containing depleted uranium used to pull a logging tool down toward the bottom of a well.

(407) “Useful beam” means the radiation which passes through the tube housing port and the aperture of the beam-limiting device when the exposure switch or timer is activated.

(408) “User seal check” means an action conducted by the respirator user to determine if the respirator is properly seated to the face. Examples include negative pressure check, positive pressure check, irritant smoke check, or isoamyl acetate check.

(409) “Variable-aperture beam-limiting device” means a beam-limiting device that has capacity for stepless adjustment of the x-ray field size at a given SID.

(410) “Very high radiation area” means an area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels from radiation sources external to the body could result in an individual receiving an absorbed dose in excess of 5 Gy (500 rad) in one hour at one meter from a source of radiation or one meter from any surface that the radiation penetrates.

(411) “Virtual source” means a point from which radiation appears to originate.

(412) “Visible area” means that portion of the input surface of the image receptor over which incident x-ray photons are producing a visible image.

(413) “Waste” means those low-level radioactive wastes containing source, special nuclear, or byproduct material that are acceptable for disposal in a land disposal facility. For the purposes of this definition, “low-level radioactive waste” means radioactive waste not classified as high-level radioactive waste, transuranic waste, spent nuclear fuel, or byproduct material as defined in sub. (50) (b) to (e).

(414) “Waste handling licensee” mean a person licensed to receive and store radioactive residue prior to disposal and a person licensed to dispose of radioactive residue.

(415) “Wedge filter” means a filter which effects continuous change in transmission over all or a part of the useful beam.

(416) “Week” means 7 consecutive days starting on Sunday.