Chapter DHS 157

DHS 157.03(336m)(a) (a) “Shielded room” means a room housing a radiation generating device where, with the device at maximum technique factors, the exterior room environs meets the unrestricted area dose limits of 0.02 mSv (2 mrem) in any one hour and 1 mSv (100 mrem) in a year at 30 cm from the surface of the barrier.

DHS 157.03(336m)(b) (b) “Shielded room” does not include any of the following:

DHS 157.03(336m)(b)1. 1. A radiation generating device that meets the definition of cabinet x-ray system.

DHS 157.03(336m)(b)2. 2. A permanent radiographic installation.

DHS 157.03(336m)(b)3. 3. A radiation room.

DHS 157.03(337) (337) “Shutter” means a device attached to the tube housing assembly which may totally intercept the useful beam and which has a lead equivalency not less than that of the tube housing assembly.

DHS 157.03(338) (338) “Sievert” or “Sv” means the SI unit of dose equivalent. The unit of dose equivalent is the joule per kilogram. The special unit of dose equivalent (rem) is being replaced by the sievert. 1 Sv=100 rem.

DHS 157.03(339) (339) “Single tomogram system” means a CT x-ray system which obtains x-ray transmission data during a scan to produce a single tomogram.

DHS 157.03(340) (340) “Site area emergency” means an event may occur, is in progress, or has occurred that could lead to a significant release of radioactive material and require a response by offsite response organizations to protect people offsite.

DHS 157.03(341) (341) “Site boundary” means that line beyond which the land or property is not owned, leased or otherwise controlled by the licensee or registrant.

DHS 157.03(342) (342) “Source” means the region and material from which the radiation emanates.

DHS 157.03(343) (343) “Source applicator” means a device used to place a radioactive source in a precise anatomical location within the body.

DHS 157.03(344) (344) “Source assembly” means an assembly that consists of the sealed source and a connector that attaches the source to the control cable. The source assembly may include a ballstop to secure the source in the shielded position.

DHS 157.03(345) (345) “Source changer” means a device designed and used for replacement of sealed sources in radiographic exposure devices and which may also be used for transporting and storing sealed sources.

DHS 157.03(346) (346) “Source holder” means a housing or assembly into which a radioactive source is placed to facilitate the handling and use of the source in well logging operations.

DHS 157.03(347) (347) “Source-image receptor distance” or “SID” means the distance from the source of radiation to the center of the input surface of the image receptor.

DHS 157.03(348) (348) “Source material” means either of the following:

DHS 157.03(348)(a) (a) Uranium or thorium, or any combination thereof, in any physical or chemical form.

DHS 157.03(348)(b) (b) Ores that contain by weight one-twentieth of one percent or more of uranium, thorium or any combination of uranium and thorium. Source material does not include special nuclear material.

DHS 157.03(349) (349) “Special form radioactive material” means radioactive material that satisfies all the following conditions:

DHS 157.03(349)(a) (a) It is either a single solid piece or is contained in a sealed capsule that may be opened only by destroying the capsule.

DHS 157.03(349)(b) (b) The piece or capsule has at least one dimension not less than 5 millimeters (0.2 in.).

DHS 157.03(349)(c) (c) It satisfies the test requirements specified by the NRC in 10 CFR 71.75 at the time of its design or construction.

DHS 157.03(350) (350) “Special nuclear material” means plutonium, uranium 233, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material which the nuclear regulatory commission determines to be special nuclear material; or any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing. Special nuclear material does not include source material.

DHS 157.03(351) (351) “Special nuclear material in quantities not sufficient to form a critical mass” means uranium enriched in the isotope U-235 in quantities not exceeding 350 grams of contained U-235; uranium-233 in quantities not exceeding 200 grams; plutonium in quantities not exceeding 200 grams; or any combination of them under the following formula: For each kind of special nuclear material, determine the ratio between the quantity of that special nuclear material and the quantity specified above for the same kind of special nuclear material. The sum of such ratios for all of the kinds of special nuclear material in combination may not exceed one.

DHS 157.03 Note Note: For example, the following quantities in combination would not exceed the limitation and are within the formula:

DHS 157.03 Note 175 (grams contained U-235) + 50 (grams U-233) + 50 (grams Pu) = 1

DHS 157.03 Note   350   200   200

DHS 157.03(352) (352) “Special unit” means the alternative system of units for quantifying absorbed dose in rad, dose equivalent in rem and radioactivity in curie.

DHS 157.03(353) (353) “Specific activity” of a radionuclide means the radioactivity of the radionuclide per unit mass of that nuclide. The specific activity of a material in which the radionuclide is essentially uniformly distributed is the radioactivity per unit mass of the material.

DHS 157.03(354) (354) “Specific license” means a license, under requirements prescribed by the department by rule, to possess, use, manufacture, produce, transfer or acquire radioactive material or devices or equipment utilizing radioactive material.

DHS 157.03(355) (355) “Spot film” means a radiograph, which is made during a fluoroscopic examination to permanently record conditions that exist during that fluoroscopic procedure.

DHS 157.03(356) (356) “Spot-film device” means a device intended to transport and position a radiographic image receptor between an x-ray source and fluoroscopic image receptor. It includes a device intended to hold a cassette over the input end of an image intensifier for the purpose of making a radiograph.

DHS 157.03(357) (357) “Stationary beam radiation therapy” means radiation therapy without displacement of one or more mechanical axes relative to the patient during irradiation.

DHS 157.03(358) (358) “Stationary x-ray equipment” means x-ray equipment that is installed in a fixed location.

DHS 157.03(359) (359) “Stereotactic radiosurgery” means the use of external radiation in conjunction with a stereotactic guidance device to deliver a dose to a tissue volume from multiple sources of radiation simultaneously.

DHS 157.03(360) (360) “Stochastic effect” means a health effect that occurs randomly and for which the probability of the effect occurring, rather than its severity, is assumed to be a linear function of dose without threshold. Hereditary effects and cancer incidence are examples of stochastic effects.

DHS 157.03(361) (361) “Storage area” means any secure location, facility or vehicle that is used to store and secure a radiographic exposure device, a radiation machine, a storage container or a sealed source, when it is not in use.

DHS 157.03(362) (362) “Storage container” means a device in which sealed sources or radiation machines are secured and stored.

DHS 157.03(363) (363) “Stray radiation” means the sum of leakage and scattered radiation.

DHS 157.03(364) (364) “Structured educational program” means an educational program designed to impart particular knowledge and practical education through interrelated studies and supervised training.

DHS 157.03(365) (365) “S-tube” means a tube through which the radioactive source travels when inside a radiographic exposure device.

DHS 157.03(366) (366) “Subsurface” means below the surface of the earth.

DHS 157.03(367) (367) “Subsurface tracer study” means the release of a substance tagged with radioactive material to trace the movement or position of the tagged substance in the well-bore or adjacent formation.

DHS 157.03(368) (368) “Supplied-air respirator” or “SAR” means an atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user.

DHS 157.03(369) (369) “Surface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers” means a pipe or tube used as a lining in a well to isolate fresh water aquifers from the well.

DHS 157.03(370) (370) “Surface contaminated object” or “SCO” means a solid object that is not itself classed as radioactive material, but which has radioactive material distributed on any of its surfaces.

DHS 157.03(371) (371) “Survey” means an evaluation of the radiological conditions and potential hazards incident to the production, use, transfer, release, disposal or presence of sources of radiation. When appropriate, an evaluation includes tests, physical examinations and measurements of levels of radiation or concentrations of radioactive material present.

DHS 157.03(371m) (371m) “Tailing” means the residual material resulting from the extraction of minerals from the earth.

DHS 157.03(372) (372) “Target” means that part of an x-ray tube or accelerator onto which a beam of accelerated particles is directed to produce ionizing radiation or other particles.

DHS 157.03(373) (373) “Target-skin distance” or “TSD” means the distance measured along the beam axis from the center of the front surface of the x-ray target or electron virtual source to the surface of the irradiated object or patient.

DHS 157.03(374) (374) “Technique factors” means the following conditions of operation:

DHS 157.03(374)(a) (a) For capacitor energy storage equipment, peak tube potential in kV and quantity of charge in mAs.

DHS 157.03(374)(b) (b) For field emission equipment rated for pulsed operation, peak tube potential in kV and number of x-ray pulses.

DHS 157.03(374)(c) (c) For CT equipment designed for pulsed operation, peak tube potential in kV, scan time in seconds, and either tube current in milliamperes (mA), x-ray pulse width in milliseconds, and the number of x-ray pulses per scan; or the product of tube current, x-ray pulse width, and the number of x-ray pulses per scan expressed as mAs.

DHS 157.03(374)(d) (d) For CT x-ray equipment not designed for pulsed operation, peak tube potential in kV, and either tube current in mA and scan time in seconds, or the product of tube current and exposure time in mAs and the scan time when the scan time and exposure time are equivalent.

DHS 157.03(374)(e) (e) For all other equipment, peak tube potential in kV and either tube current in mA and exposure time in seconds or the product of tube current and exposure time in mAs.

DHS 157.03(374m) (374m) “Telemetric position monitoring system” means a data transfer system that captures information by instrumentation or measuring devices about the location and status of a transport vehicle or package between the departure and destination locations.

DHS 157.03(375) (375) “Teletherapy” means a method of radiation therapy in which collimated gamma rays are delivered from a source at a distance from the patient or human research subject.

DHS 157.03(376) (376) “Temporary job site” means a location where any of the following occur:

DHS 157.03(376)(a) (a) Radiographic operations are performed and sources of radiation may be stored other than at the location or locations of use authorized on the license or registration.

DHS 157.03(376)(b) (b) Radioactive materials are present for the purpose of performing well logging or subsurface tracer studies.

DHS 157.03(377) (377) “Tenth-value layer” or “TVL” means the thickness of a specified material that attenuates x-radiation or gamma radiation to an extent that the air kerma rate; exposure rate or absorbed dose rate is reduced to one-tenth of the value measured without the material at the same point.

DHS 157.03(378) (378) “Termination of irradiation” means the stopping of irradiation in a fashion that will not permit continuance of irradiation without the resetting of operating conditions at the control panel.

DHS 157.03(379) (379) “Test” means the process of verifying compliance with an applicable regulation.

DHS 157.03(380) (380) “Therapeutic dosage” means a dosage of an unsealed radioactive material that is intended to deliver a radiation dose to a patient or human research subject for palliative or curative treatment.

DHS 157.03(381) (381) “Therapeutic dose” means a radiation dose delivered from a sealed source containing radioactive material to a patient or human research subject for palliative or curative treatment.

DHS 157.03(382) (382) “Therapeutic radiation machine” means x-ray, gamma ray or electron-producing equipment designed and used for external beam or internal radiation therapy.

DHS 157.03(383) (383) “Thermoluminescent dosimeter” or “TLD” means a dosimeter containing a crystalline solid for measuring radiation dose, plus filters to help characterize the types of radiation encountered. When heated, TLD crystals that have been exposed to ionizing radiation give off light proportional to the energy they received from the radiation.

DHS 157.03(384) (384) “Tight-fitting facepiece” means a respiratory inlet covering that forms a complete seal with the face.

DHS 157.03(385) (385) “Tomogram” means the depiction of the x-ray attenuation properties of a section through the body.

DHS 157.03(386) (386) “Tomographic plane” means that geometric plane which is identified as corresponding to the output tomogram.

DHS 157.03(387) (387) “Tomographic section” means the volume of an object whose x-ray attenuation properties are imaged in a tomogram.

DHS 157.03(388) (388) “Total effective dose equivalent” or “TEDE” means the sum of the effective dose equivalent for external exposures and the committed effective dose equivalent for internal exposures.

DHS 157.03(389) (389) “Total organ dose equivalent” or “TODE” means the sum of the deep dose equivalent and the committed dose equivalent to the organ receiving the highest dose.

DHS 157.03(390) (390) “Transport index” or “TI” means the dimensionless number, rounded up to the next tenth, placed on the label of a package to designate the degree of control to be exercised by the carrier during transportation. The transport index is the number is determined by multiplying the maximum radiation level in millisievert (mSv) per hour at one meter (3.3 feet) from the external surface of the package by 100, which is equivalent to the maximum radiation level in millirem per hour at one meter (3.3 ft).

DHS 157.03(391) (391) “Transuranic waste” means waste containing elements having an atomic number greater than 92, a half-life greater than 5 years and in quantities greater than 3.7 kBq/g (100 nCi/g).

DHS 157.03(392) (392) “Treatment site” means the anatomical description of the tissue intended to receive a radiation dose, as described in a written directive.

DHS 157.03(392m) (392m) “Tribal official” means the highest ranking individual that represents Tribal leadership, such as the Chief, President, or Tribal Council leadership.

DHS 157.03(393) (393) “Tritium neutron generator target source” means a tritium target source used within a neutron generator tube to produce neutrons for use in well logging applications.

DHS 157.03(393m) (393m) “Trustworthiness and reliability” means the characteristics of an individual considered dependable in judgment, character, and performance, such that unescorted access to category 1 or category 2 quantities of radioactive material by that individual does not constitute an unreasonable risk to the public health and safety or security. A determination of trustworthiness and reliability for this purpose is based upon the results from a background investigation.

DHS 157.03(394) (394) “Tube housing assembly” means the tube housing with tube installed. It includes high-voltage, filament transformers and other appropriate elements which are contained within the tube housing.

DHS 157.03(395) (395) “Tube” means an x-ray tube, unless otherwise specified.

DHS 157.03(396) (396) “Type A package” means a packaging that, together with its radioactive contents limited to A1 or A2 as appropriate, meets the requirements of 49 CFR 173.410 and 173.412 and is designed to retain the integrity of containment and shielding required under normal conditions of transport as demonstrated by the tests set forth in 49 CFR 173.465 or 173.466, as appropriate.

DHS 157.03(397) (397) “Type A quantity” means a quantity of radioactive material, the aggregate radioactivity of which does not exceed A1 for special form radioactive material or A2 for normal form radioactive material, where A1 and A2 are given in ch. DHS 157 Appendix O or may be determined by procedures described in ch. DHS 157 Appendix O.

DHS 157.03(398) (398) “Type B package” means a packaging that, together with its radioactive contents, is designed to retain the integrity of containment and shielding required by 49 CFR 173 when subjected to the normal conditions of transport and hypothetical accident test conditions set forth in 10 CFR 71.

DHS 157.03 Note Note: A Type B package design is designated as B(U) or B(M). B(U) refers to the need for unilateral approval of international shipments; B(M) refers to the need for multilateral approval. No distinction is made in how packages with these designations may be used in domestic transportation. To determine their distinction for international transportation, refer to 49 CFR Part 173. A Type B package approved prior to September 6, 1983 was designated only as Type B.

DHS 157.03(399) (399) “Type B quantity” means a quantity of radioactive material greater than a type A quantity.

DHS 157.03(400) (400) “Type of use” means use of radioactive material as specified in s. DHS 157.63 (1) or (2), 157.64 (1), 157.65 (1), 157.66 (1) or 157.67 (1).