DHS 157.03(197)(197) “Low dose-rate remote afterloader” or “LDR” means a device that delivers a dose rate of less than or equal to 2 gray (200 rads) per hour. DHS 157.03(197m)(197m) ”Low specific activity” means radioactive material with limited specific activity which is nonfissile or is excepted under s. DHS 157.92 (2) (c), and which satisfies the descriptions and limits set forth in ss. DHS 157.03 (198), (199) or (200). Shielding materials surrounding the low specific activity material may not be considered in determining the estimated average specific activity of the package contents. DHS 157.03(198)(198) “Low specific activity – I” or “LSA-I material” means any of the following: DHS 157.03(198)(a)(a) Uranium and thorium ores, concentrates of uranium and thorium ores, and other ores containing naturally occurring radioactive radionuclides which are intended to be processed for the use of radionuclides. DHS 157.03(198)(b)(b) Natural uranium, depleted uranium, natural thorium or their compounds or mixtures, provided they are unirradiated and in solid or liquid form. DHS 157.03(198)(c)(c) Radioactive material, other than fissile material, for which the A2 value is unlimited. DHS 157.03(198)(d)(d) Other radioactive material in which the radioactive material is distributed throughout and the estimated average specific activity does not exceed 30 times the value for exempt material activity concentration determined under ch. DHS 157 Appendix O. DHS 157.03(199)(199) “Low specific activity – II” or “LSA-II material” means either of the following: DHS 157.03(199)(a)(a) Water with tritium concentration up to 0.8 terabecquerel per liter (20.0 Ci/L). DHS 157.03(199)(b)(b) Other material in which the radioactive material is distributed throughout, and the average specific activity does not exceed 10-4 A2/g for solids and gases and 10-5 A2/g for liquids. DHS 157.03(200)(200) “Low specific activity – III” or “LSA-III material” means solids, such as consolidated wastes or activated materials, excluding powders, that satisfy the requirements of 10 CFR 71.77, and for which all of the following apply: DHS 157.03(200)(a)(a) The radioactive material is distributed throughout a solid or a collection of solid objects, or is essentially uniformly distributed in a solid compact binding agent, for example, concrete, bitumen or ceramic. DHS 157.03(200)(b)(b) The radioactive material is relatively insoluble, or it is intrinsically contained in a relatively insoluble material, so that, even under loss of packaging, the loss of radioactive material per package by leaching, when placed in water for 7 days, would not exceed 0.1 A2. DHS 157.03(200)(c)(c) The estimated average specific activity of the solid, excluding any shielding material, does not exceed 2 x 10-3 A2/g. DHS 157.03(201)(201) “Low toxicity alpha emitters” means natural uranium, depleted uranium, natural thorium; uranium-235, uranium-238, thorium-232, thorium-228 or thorium-230 when contained in ores or physical or chemical concentrates or tailings; or alpha emitters with a half-life of less than 10 days. DHS 157.03(203)(203) “Mammography” means radiography of the breast, but does not include radiography of the breast performed during invasive interventions for localization or biopsy procedures. DHS 157.03(204)(204) “Management” means the chief executive officer or other individual having the authority to manage, direct or administer the licensee’s or registrant’s activities, or those persons’ delegate or delegates. DHS 157.03(205)(205) “Manual brachytherapy” means a type of brachytherapy in which the radioactive sources are manually inserted either into the body cavities that are in close proximity to a tumor or directly into the tumor volume. DHS 157.03 NoteNote: Examples of radioactive sources are seeds and ribbons.
DHS 157.03(207)(207) “Maximum line current” means the root-mean-square current in the supply line of an x-ray machine operating at its maximum rating. DHS 157.03(208)(208) “Medical event” means an administration of radiation or radioactive material to a patient or human research subject that requires reporting to the department. DHS 157.03(209)(209) “Medical institution” means an organization in which medical disciplines are practiced. DHS 157.03(210)(210) “Medical physicist” means an individual with any of the following qualifications: DHS 157.03(210)(a)(a) Certified by the American board of radiology or the American board of health physics in one or more of the following: DHS 157.03(210)(b)(b) Certified by the American board of medical physics in radiation oncology physics. DHS 157.03(211)(211) “Medical use” means the intentional internal or external administration of radioactive material or the radiation from radioactive material to patients or human research subjects under the supervision of an authorized user. DHS 157.03(212)(212) “Medium dose-rate remote afterloader” or “MDR” means a device that delivers a dose rate of greater than 2 gray (200 rads) but less than 12 gray (1200 rads) per hour at the point or surface where the dose is prescribed. DHS 157.03(213)(213) “Megavolt” or “MV” means the energy equal to that acquired by a particle with one electron charge in passing through a potential difference of one million volts in a vacuum. DHS 157.03 NoteNote: The current convention is to use MV to designate photons and MeV to designate electrons.
DHS 157.03(214)(214) “Member of the public” means an individual in a controlled or unrestricted area. However, an individual is not a member of the public during any period in which the individual receives an occupational dose. DHS 157.03(215)(215) “Minor” means an individual less than 18 years of age. DHS 157.03(215m)(215m) “Mobile device” means a piece of equipment containing licensed radioactive material that is either mounted on wheels or casters, or otherwise equipped for moving without a need for disassembly or dismounting; or designed to be hand carried. “Mobile device” does not include stationary equipment installed in a fixed location. DHS 157.03(216)(216) “Mobile medical service supplier” means a mobile service that carries or receives radioactive materials for medical use at a client’s address. DHS 157.03(217)(217) “Mobile x-ray equipment” means x-ray equipment mounted on a permanent base with wheels or casters for moving while completely assembled. DHS 157.03(218)(218) “Moderator” means a material that decreases the energy of neutrons. DHS 157.03(219)(219) “Monitoring” means the measurement of radiation, radioactive material concentrations, surface area activities or quantities of radioactive material and the use of the results of these measurements to evaluate potential exposures and doses. DHS 157.03(219m)(219m) “Movement control center” means an operations center that is remote from transport activity and that maintains position information on the movement of radioactive material, receives reports of attempted attacks or thefts, provides a means for reporting these and other problems to appropriate agencies, and requests and coordinates appropriate aid. DHS 157.03(220)(220) “Moving beam radiation therapy” means radiation therapy with any planned displacement of radiation field or patient relative to each other or with any planned change of absorbed dose distribution. It includes arc, skip, conformal, intensity modulation and rotational therapy. DHS 157.03(221)(221) “Multiple tomogram system” means a computed tomography x-ray system that obtains x-ray transmission data simultaneously during a single scan to produce more than one tomogram image. DHS 157.03(221m)(221m) “Nationally tracked source” means a sealed source containing a quantity equal to or greater than category 1 or category 2 thresholds of any radioactive material listed in ch. DHS 157 Appendix T. In this context a sealed source is defined as radioactive material that is sealed in a capsule or closely bonded, in a solid form and which is not exempt from regulatory control. It does not mean material encapsulated solely for disposal, or nuclear material contained in any fuel assembly, subassembly, fuel rod, or fuel pellet. Category 1 nationally tracked sources are those containing radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the category1 threshold. Category 2 nationally tracked sources are those containing radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the category 2 threshold but less than the category 1 threshold. DHS 157.03(222)(222) “NARM” means any naturally occurring or accelerator-produced radioactive material. DHS 157.03(223)(223) “Natural radioactivity” means radioactivity of naturally occurring nuclides. DHS 157.03(224)(224) “Natural thorium” means thorium with the naturally occurring distribution of thorium isotopes, which is essentially 100 weight percent thorium-232. DHS 157.03(225)(225) “Natural uranium” means uranium with the naturally occurring distribution of uranium isotopes, which is approximately 0.711 weight percent uranium-235, and the remainder by weight essentially uranium-238. DHS 157.03(226)(226) “Negative pressure respirator — tight fitting” means a respirator in which the air pressure inside the facepiece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure outside the respirator. DHS 157.03(227)(227) “Neutron absorber” means a material that absorbs neutrons emitted from radioactive material. DHS 157.03(228)(228) “Noble gas” means a chemically inert gas that does not combine with other elements. DHS 157.03(228m)(228m) “No-later-than arrival time” means the date and time that the shipping licensee and receiving licensee have established as the time at which an investigation will be initiated if the shipment has not arrived at the receiving facility. The no-later-than arrival time may not be more than 6 hours after the estimated arrival time for shipments of category 2 quantities of radioactive material. DHS 157.03(229)(229) “Nominal tomographic section thickness” means the full width at half-maximum of the sensitivity profile taken at the center of the cross-sectional volume over which x-ray transmission data are collected. DHS 157.03(230)(a)(a) For electron irradiation, the distance from the scattering foil, virtual source or exit window of the electron beam to the entrance surface of the irradiated object along the central axis of the useful beam. DHS 157.03(230)(b)(b) For x-ray irradiation, the virtual source or target to isocenter distance along the central axis of the useful beam. For non-isocentric equipment, this distance shall be that specified by the manufacturer. DHS 157.03(230m)(230m) “Non-fixed contamination” means contamination that can be removed from a surface during normal conditions of transport. DHS 157.03(231)(231) “Nonstochastic effect” or “deterministic effect” means health effects, the severity of which varies with the dose and for which a threshold is believed to exist. Radiation-induced cataract formation is an example of a nonstochastic effect. DHS 157.03(232)(232) “Normal form radioactive material” means radioactive material that has not been demonstrated to qualify as special form radioactive material. DHS 157.03(233)(233) “Notice of violation” means a written notice provided in response to an alleged infraction of ss. 254.31 to 254.45, Stats., this chapter, the conditions of a license or an order issued by the department. DHS 157.03(235)(235) “Nuclear waste” means a quantity of source, byproduct or special nuclear material required to be in NRC-approved specification packaging while transported to, through or across a state boundary to a disposal site, or to a collection point for transport to a disposal site. DHS 157.03(235m)(235m) “Open-beam x-ray equipment” means an open-beam x-ray system in which the beam path could be entered by any part of the body at any time. DHS 157.03(236)(236) “Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter” or “OSL” means a dosimeter containing a crystalline solid for measuring radiation dose plus filters to help characterize the type of radiation encountered. DHS 157.03 NoteNote: When exposed to the appropriate energy of light, exposed optically stimulated luminescent crystals give off light proportional to the energy received from the radiation.
DHS 157.03(237)(237) “Occupational dose” means the dose received by an individual in the course of employment in which the individual’s assigned duties involve exposure to radiation, or to radioactive material from licensed and unlicensed sources of radiation, whether in the possession of the licensee, registrant or other person. Occupational dose does not include dose received from background radiation, from any medical administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive material and released under s. DHS 157.62 (8), from voluntary participation in medical research programs or as a member of the public. DHS 157.03(238)(238) “Offshore platform radiography” means industrial radiography conducted from a platform over a body of water. DHS 157.03(239)(239) “Offsite response organization” means the non-licensee offsite organizations that may be needed to respond to an emergency, including local fire, police, ambulance and hospital services. DHS 157.03(239m)(239m) “Ophthalmic physicist” means an individual who meets all of the following qualifications: DHS 157.03(239m)(b)(b) Is identified as an ophthalmic physicist on a specific medical use license, or other equivalent permit or license issued by the department, the NRC or an agreement state, or broad scope medical use licensee. DHS 157.03(240)(240) “Output” means the exposure rate, dose rate or a quantity related in a known manner to these rates from a brachytherapy source or a teletherapy, remote afterloader or gamma stereotactic radiosurgery unit for a specified set of exposure conditions. DHS 157.03(241)(241) “Package” means the packaging together with its radioactive contents as presented for transport. DHS 157.03(242)(242) “Packaging” means the assembly of components necessary to ensure compliance with the packaging requirements of 49 CFR Part 173, Subpart I. It may consist of one or more receptacles, absorbent materials, spacing structures, thermal insulation, radiation shielding and devices for cooling or absorbing mechanical shocks. The vehicle, tie-down system and auxiliary equipment may be designated as part of the packaging. DHS 157.03(243)(243) “Panoramic dry-source-storage irradiator” means a device in which the irradiations occur in air in areas potentially accessible to personnel and in which the sources are stored in shields made of solid materials. The term includes beam-type dry-source-storage devices in which only a narrow beam of radiation is produced. DHS 157.03(244)(244) “Panoramic irradiator” means a device in which the irradiations are performed in air in areas potentially accessible to personnel. The term includes beam-type devices. DHS 157.03(245)(245) “Panoramic wet-source-storage irradiator” means a device in which the irradiations occur in air in areas potentially accessible to personnel and in which the sources are stored under water in a storage pool. DHS 157.03(246)(246) “Pass box” means a box with openings on each side that is placed in a wall between an x-ray room and a darkroom allowing transfer of film holders between the 2 rooms. DHS 157.03(247)(247) “Patient” means an individual or animal subjected to healing arts examination, diagnosis or treatment. DHS 157.03(248)(248) “Periodic quality control check” means a procedure that is performed to ensure that a previous calibration continues to be valid. DHS 157.03(249)(249) “Permanent radiographic installation” means an enclosed shielded room, cell or vault, not located at a temporary jobsite, in which radiography is performed. DHS 157.03(250)(250) “Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm, association, trust, estate, public or private institution, group, agency, political subdivision of this state, any other state or political subdivision or agency thereof and any legal successor, representative, agent or agency of the foregoing, but does not include federal government agencies or Indian tribes or bands. DHS 157.03(251)(251) “Person in control” means the individual directly responsible for safe operation of the radiation installation.
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