Chapter 97

97.22 History History: 1975 c. 39; 1987 a. 27, 399; 1989 a. 31; 1991 a. 39; 1993 a. 114; 2001 a. 16; 2011 a. 209; 2013 a. 374; 2015 a. 242; 2021 a. 238 ss. 44, 45.

97.22 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. ATCP 65, Wis. adm. code.

97.23 97.23 Drug residues in milk.

97.23(1) (1) In this section:

97.23(1)(a) (a) “Dairy plant” has the meaning given in s. 97.20 (1) (a).

97.23(1)(c) (c) “Milk producer” has the meaning given in s. 97.22 (1) (f).

97.23(2) (2) 

97.23(2)(a) (a) If, in accordance with a rule promulgated by the department under s. 93.07 (1), 97.09 (4), 97.20 (4), 97.22 (8), or 97.24 (3), a dairy plant operator rejects a bulk milk shipment because it is adulterated with a drug residue and if the dairy plant operator incurs a monetary loss as a result of the rejection of the bulk milk shipment, the dairy plant operator may recover the amount of the monetary loss from the milk producer who caused the bulk shipment to be adulterated with the drug residue. A dairy plant operator may deduct the amounts recoverable by him or her under this paragraph from the proceeds of milk sold to or through the dairy plant operator by the milk producer who caused the adulteration.

97.23(2)(b) (b)

97.23(2)(b)1. 1. Except as provided in subd. 2., the department may, by rule, require a dairy plant operator who rejects a bulk milk shipment because it is adulterated with a drug residue and who suffers a monetary loss as a result of the rejection of the bulk milk shipment to recover all or part of the monetary loss from the milk producer who caused the adulteration by deducting from the proceeds of milk sold by the milk producer an amount that is specified by the department by rule.

97.23(2)(b)2. 2. The department may not require a dairy plant operator who rejects a bulk milk shipment because it is adulterated with a drug residue to recover an amount that exceeds the dairy plant operator’s actual monetary loss.

97.23 History History: 1991 a. 231; 2013 a. 374; 2015 a. 242.

97.24 97.24 Milk and milk products.

97.24(1) (1) Definitions. In this section:

97.24(1)(a) (a) “Dairy farm” means any place where one or more cows, sheep or goats are kept for the production of milk.

97.24(1)(am) (am) “Dairy plant” has the meaning given in s. 97.20 (1) (a).

97.24(1)(ar) (ar) “Fluid milk product” means cream, sour cream, half and half, whipped cream, concentrated milk, concentrated milk products, cottage cheese, skim milk, flavored milk, buttermilk, cultured buttermilk, cultured milk, yogurt, vitamin and mineral fortified milk or milk products, and any other product made by adding any substance to milk or any of these products.

97.24(1)(b) (b) “Grade A milk” means milk which is produced, processed and distributed in compliance with grade A standards established by the department by rule under this chapter.

97.24(1)(c) (c) “Grade A milk product” means a fluid milk product which is produced, processed and distributed in compliance with grade A standards established by the department by rule under this chapter.

97.24(1)(d) (d) “Milk distributor” has the meaning given under s. 97.21 (1) (e).

97.24(1)(e) (e) “Milk hauler” means any person, other than a milk producer hauling his or her own milk only, who transports milk or fluid milk products to or from a dairy plant or a collecting point.

97.24(1)(f) (f) “Milk producer” means any person who owns or operates a dairy farm, and sells or distributes milk produced on that dairy farm.

97.24(2) (2) Requirements for milk and fluid milk products; grade A requirement.

97.24(2)(a) (a) No person may sell or distribute any milk unless that milk is produced, processed and distributed in compliance with standards established by the department by rule under this chapter.

97.24(2)(b) (b) No person may sell or distribute any milk or fluid milk products which are not grade A milk or grade A milk products to consumers, or to any restaurant, institution or retailer for consumption or resale to consumers. Grade A milk and grade A milk products shall be effectively pasteurized, and shall be produced, processed and distributed in compliance with standards established by the department by rule under this chapter.

97.24(2)(c) (c) No person may sell or distribute milk or fluid milk products which are labeled or otherwise represented as grade A milk or grade A milk products unless the milk and fluid milk products comply with this chapter and with standards established by the department by rule under this chapter.

97.24(2)(d) (d) This section does not prohibit:

97.24(2)(d)1. 1. The sale of milk or fluid milk products which are heat sterilized in hermetically sealed containers.

97.24(2)(d)2. 2. Incidental sales of milk directly to consumers at the dairy farm where the milk is produced.

97.24(2)(d)3. 3. Incidental sales of pasteurized milk at a dairy plant licensed under s. 97.20.

97.24(2)(d)4. 4. The sale of grade A milk or grade A milk products which are produced and processed under equivalent laws or rules of another state or a local governmental unit, as provided under sub. (4) (b).

97.24(3) (3) Rules. The department, in consultation with the department of health services, shall issue rules governing the production, transportation, processing, pasteurization, handling, identity, sampling, examination, labeling and sale of milk and fluid milk products; the inspection of dairy herds, dairy farms and dairy plants; the issuing and revocation of permits to milk producers and milk haulers, and of licenses to dairy plants and milk distributors. Insofar as permitted by the laws of this state, such rules shall be in reasonable accord with the minimum standards and requirements for milk and fluid milk products currently recommended and published by the U.S. public health service as a milk ordinance and code, except that the requirements for bottling and sterilization of bottles in such standards shall not apply to milk sold by a producer, selling only milk produced by the producer on the producer’s dairy farm under the producer’s own supervision, and selling such milk only in the producer’s own milk house, which milk meets the requirements of grade A standards as set forth by the department of agriculture, trade and consumer protection, to a purchaser who has provided his or her own container, which has been sanitized in a manner comparable to the sanitizing of the utensils used in the production of milk by the producer, if the purchaser is purchasing milk for his or her own consumption.

97.24(4) (4) Legislative purpose; uniformity; reciprocity.

97.24(4)(a) (a) Regulation of the production, processing and distribution of milk and fluid milk products under minimum sanitary requirements which are uniform throughout this state and the United States is essential for the protection of consumers and the economic well-being of the dairy industry, and is therefore a matter of statewide concern; however, nothing in this section shall impair or abridge the power of any municipality or county to regulate milk or fluid milk products under sanitary requirements and standards which are in reasonable accord with those established under this section or the power to impose reasonable license permit and inspection fees which combined shall not exceed the cost of necessary inspection. A municipality or county may not impose any fee for its inspection of milk producers, dairy plant facilities or dairy products which are under the inspection supervision of another governmental unit within or without the state with a valid certification rating made or approved by the department. No governmental unit may impose or collect a fee directly from the producer. A license or permit fee not to exceed $25 annually may be imposed on milk distributors licensed under s. 97.22 and on dairy plants under the inspection supervision of another governmental unit which are engaged in the distribution of milk within a municipality or county.

97.24(4)(b) (b) No sanitary requirement or standard established under this section or contained in any ordinance may prohibit the sale of milk or fluid milk products which are produced and processed under laws or rules of any governmental unit, within or without this state, which are substantially equivalent to the requirements of the rules promulgated under this section, and which are enforced with equal effectiveness, as determined by a milk sanitation rating made or approved by the department, under rules promulgated under this section.

97.24(5) (5) Certification of Grade A dairy operations. The department shall conduct evaluation surveys of grade A dairy operations in this state to the extent necessary to certify to the federal food and drug administration, out-of-state markets, the federal public health service, and local health departments, the compliance rating of the grade A dairy operations based upon the sanitation and enforcement requirements of the grade A pasteurized milk ordinance of the federal public health service and its related documents. The department may promulgate rules establishing fees which may be charged to dairy plants to fund these activities.

97.24 History History: 1971 c. 125, 156, 228; 1973 c. 333; 1975 c. 39, 199; 1977 c. 29; 1979 c. 221; 1981 c. 390 s. 252; 1983 a. 189 ss. 128, 329 (20); 1987 a. 27, 399; 1989 a. 56 s. 259; 1993 a. 114; 1995 a. 27 s. 9126 (19); 2003 a. 33 ss. 1757, 1758, 2454; 2007 a. 20 s. 9121 (6) (a); 2015 a. 242.

97.24 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. ATCP 65, Wis. adm. code.

97.25 97.25 Use of synthetic bovine growth hormone; labeling of dairy products.

97.25(1) (1) Definitions. In this section:

97.25(1)(a) (a) “Dairy plant” has the meaning given in s. 97.20 (1) (a).

97.25(1)(b) (b) “Dairy product” means cow’s milk or any product or by-product derived solely from cow’s milk, or any item in which cow’s milk or any product or by-product derived solely from cow’s milk is a principal ingredient.

97.25(1)(c) (c) “Milk producer” has the meaning given in s. 97.22 (1) (f).

97.25(2) (2) Prohibition. No person may place upon the label of a dairy product a statement indicating that the dairy product is not produced from herds being administered synthetic bovine growth hormone except as provided in sub. (3).

97.25(3) (3) Rules. The department shall promulgate rules authorizing the operator of a dairy plant licensed under s. 97.20 or a retail food establishment licensed under s. 97.30 who complies with the rules to place upon the label of a dairy product the statement “Farmer-certified rBGH free.” or an equivalent statement that is not false or misleading. The statement shall be based upon affidavits from milk producers stating that the milk producers do not use synthetic bovine growth hormone for the production of milk.

97.25(3m) (3m) Duration of milk producer affidavits.

97.25(3m)(a) (a) In this subsection, “milk producer affidavit” means a written, sworn, and notarized statement signed by a milk producer that certifies to the person receiving the affidavit that the milk producer does not use synthetic bovine growth hormone in the production of milk delivered to the person.

97.25(3m)(b) (b) The department may not promulgate a rule under sub. (3) that limits the duration that a milk producer affidavit may be used to substantiate a claim that a dairy product contains no synthetic bovine growth hormone or is made from milk produced without the use of synthetic bovine growth hormone.

97.25(4) (4) Reciprocity. A person may sell a dairy product that is labeled for retail sale in another state the label of which indicates that the dairy product is not produced from herds being administered synthetic bovine growth hormone only if the dairy product is from a state identified by the department as having laws comparable to this state’s laws on labeling dairy products not produced with synthetic bovine growth hormone and is labeled in compliance with the laws of that state.

97.25 History History: 1993 a. 476; 1995 a. 225; 2015 a. 55, 242; 2019 a. 153.

97.25 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. ATCP 83, Wis. adm. code.

97.27 97.27 Food warehouses.

97.27(1) (1) Definitions. In this section:

97.27(1)(a) (a) “Cold-storage warehouse” means a warehouse in which food is to be stored at temperatures between zero and 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

97.27(1)(b) (b) “Food warehouse” means a warehouse used for the storage of food, and includes a cold-storage warehouse, frozen-food warehouse and frozen-food locker plant. “Food warehouse” does not include:

97.27(1)(b)2. 2. A warehouse used solely for the storage of grain or other raw agricultural commodities.

97.27(1)(b)3. 3. A retail food establishment or other retail facility at which food is stored on a temporary basis incidental to retail preparation or sale.

97.27(1)(b)4. 4. A warehouse located in a dairy plant licensed under s. 97.20, a food processing plant licensed under s. 97.29, or a meat establishment licensed under s. 97.42, and used primarily for the storage of food ingredients or food products manufactured or processed at the licensed establishment.

97.27(1)(b)5. 5. A warehouse operated by a milk distributor licensed under s. 97.21 (3), and used primarily for the storage and distribution of milk, as defined in s. 97.01 (10) (a), and fluid milk products, as defined in s. 97.24 (1) (ar).

97.27(1)(b)6. 6. A facility owned or operated by a consumer and used by that consumer to store food for the consumer’s use.

97.27(1)(c) (c) “Frozen-food locker plant” means a warehouse in which individual locked compartments not exceeding 20 cubic feet in capacity are rented to consumers for the storage of food at temperatures at or below 5 degrees Fahrenheit.

97.27(1)(d) (d) “Frozen-food warehouse” means a warehouse at which food is to be stored at temperatures at or below 5 degrees Fahrenheit.

97.27(1)(dm) (dm) “Potentially hazardous food” means any food that can support rapid and progressive growth of infectious or toxicogenic microorganisms.

97.27(1)(e) (e) “Retail food establishment” has the meaning given under s. 97.30 (1) (c).

97.27(1)(f) (f) “Warehouse” means any building, room, structure or facility used for the storage of property.

97.27(2) (2) License required. No person may operate a food warehouse without a valid license issued by the department for the food warehouse. A food warehouse license expires on June 30 annually, except that a license issued for a new food warehouse on or after March 30 but before July 1 expires on June 30 of the following year. Every food warehouse shall have a separate license. A license is not transferable between persons or food warehouse locations. Application for a license shall be made on a form provided by the department and shall be accompanied by applicable fees required under sub. (3). An application shall include information reasonably required by the department for licensing purposes.

97.27(3) (3) Fees.

97.27(3)(a) (a) License fee. An applicant for a food warehouse license shall pay the license fee specified under sub. (3m).

97.27(3)(b) (b) Reinspection fee. If the department reinspects a food warehouse because the department finds a violation of this chapter or rules promulgated under this chapter on a regularly scheduled inspection, the department shall charge the food warehouse operator the reinspection fee specified under sub. (3m). A reinspection fee is payable by the food warehouse operator when the reinspection is completed, and is due upon written demand from the department. The department may issue a demand for payment when it issues a license renewal application form to the food warehouse operator.

97.27(3)(c) (c) Surcharge for operating without a license. An applicant for a food warehouse license shall pay a license fee surcharge of $100 if the department determines that, within one year prior to submitting the license application, the applicant operated a food warehouse without a license in violation of this subsection. Payment of this license fee surcharge does not relieve the applicant of any other civil or criminal liability which results from the unlicensed operation of the food warehouse, but does not constitute evidence of a violation of law.

97.27(3m) (3m) Fee amounts. Unless otherwise established by department rule, the fees required under sub. (3) are:

97.27(3m)(a) (a) For a food warehouse that stores potentially hazardous food, and that has fewer than 50,000 square feet of storage area, an annual license fee of $50 and a reinspection fee of $50.

97.27(3m)(am) (am) For a food warehouse that stores potentially hazardous food, and that has 50,000 or more square feet of storage area, an annual license fee of $100 and a reinspection fee of $100.

97.27(3m)(b) (b) For a food warehouse that does not store potentially hazardous food, and that has fewer than 50,000 square feet of storage area, an annual license fee of $25 and a reinspection fee of $50.

97.27(3m)(c) (c) For a food warehouse that does not store potentially hazardous food, and that has 50,000 or more square feet of storage area, an annual license fee of $50 and a reinspection fee of $100.

97.27(4) (4) Licensing contingent on payment of fees. The department may not issue or renew a food warehouse license unless the license applicant pays all fees which are due and payable under sub. (3), as set forth in a statement from the department. The department shall refund a fee paid under protest if the department determines that the fee was not due and payable as a condition of licensing under this section.

97.27(5) (5) Rule making. The department may promulgate rules to establish the fees required under sub. (3) or to govern the sanitary operation of food warehouses. Rules may include any of the following:

97.27(5)(a) (a) Standards for the construction and maintenance of food storage facilities.

97.27(5)(b) (b) Standards for the storage, identification and handling of food.

97.27(5)(c) (c) Record-keeping requirements to show the length of time that food is kept in storage.

97.27(5)(d) (d) Freezing and temperature requirements applicable to frozen-food warehouses, frozen-food locker plants and cold-storage warehouses.

97.27 History History: 1987 a. 399; 1989 a. 174; 1991 a. 39, 210; 1999 a. 83; 2013 a. 302; 2015 a. 55, 242.

97.27 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also ch. ATCP 71, Wis. adm. code.

97.28 97.28 Direct sale of eggs.

97.28(1) (1) In this section:

97.28(1)(a) (a) “Candling” means carefully examining, in a dark place, the interior and exterior of a whole egg that is placed in front of a strong light source.

97.28(1)(b) (b) “Egg” means the shell egg of the domestic chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus, and of turkey, duck, goose, guinea, or other avian species whose eggs are used for human consumption.

97.28(1)(c) (c) “Egg producer” means a person who sells eggs laid only by a bird or a flock of birds owned by that person.

97.28(1)(d) (d) “Egg sales route” means one or more residences inhabited by consumers who regularly buy eggs from an egg producer who travels to the residences.