Chapter 969

969.03 Annotation As used in this section, “crime” includes violations committed in another jurisdiction. State v. West, 181 Wis. 2d 792, 512 N.W.2d 207 (Ct. App. 1993).

969.03 Annotation The application of bail posted by third parties to the defendant’s fines under sub. (4) was not unconstitutional. State v. Iglesias, 185 Wis. 2d 118, 517 N.W.2d 175 (1994).

969.03 Annotation The conditions that a court is authorized to impose under this section and s. 969.01 govern the release of a defendant from custody and do not apply if the defendant cannot post bond and is not released. A court may impose pretrial, no-contact provisions on incarcerated defendants under s. 940.47 if the terms of that statute are met. State v. Orlik, 226 Wis. 2d 527, 595 N.W.2d 468 (Ct. App. 1999), 98-2826.

969.03 Annotation The state need not obtain a conviction for the underlying crime in order to prove that the defendant violated the bail jumping statute by committing a crime. If there is evidence sufficient for a reasonable jury to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that a defendant intentionally violated a bond by committing a crime, that evidence is not required to be in the form of a conviction for the underlying crime. State v. Hauk, 2002 WI App 226, 257 Wis. 2d 579, 652 N.W.2d 393, 01-1668.

969.03 Annotation Sub. (5) requires that any bond money posted shall be returned to the payor once a complaint against the defendant is dismissed, even if the underlying offenses comprising that criminal action are read in at sentencing for a different case. State v. Jones, 2021 WI App 15, 396 Wis. 2d 602, 957 N.W.2d 551, 19-0224.

969.03 Annotation The retention of 10 percent of a partial bail deposit, with no penalty for release on recognizance or where full bail is given, does not violate equal protection requirements. Schilb v. Kuebel, 404 U.S. 357, 92 S. Ct. 479, 30 L. Ed. 2d 502 (1971).

969.035 969.035 Pretrial detention; denial of release from custody.

969.035(1) (1) In this section:

969.035(1)(a) (a) “Serious bodily harm” means bodily injury which causes or contributes to the death of a human being or which creates a substantial risk of death or which causes serious permanent disfigurement, or which causes a permanent or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ or other serious bodily injury.

969.035(1)(b) (b) Notwithstanding s. 969.001 (3), “violent crime” means any crime specified in s. 940.01, 940.02, 940.03, 940.05, 940.06, 940.07, 940.08, 940.10, 940.19 (5), 940.195 (5), 940.198 (2) (a) or (c), 940.21, 940.225 (1), 940.23, 941.327, 948.02 (1) or (2), 948.025, 948.03, or 948.085.

969.035(2) (2) A circuit court may deny release from custody under this section to any of the following persons:

969.035(2)(a) (a) A person accused of committing an offense under s. 940.01, 940.225 (1), 948.02 (1) or (2), 948.025, or 948.085.

969.035(2)(b) (b) A person accused of committing or attempting to commit a violent crime and the person has a previous conviction for committing or attempting to commit a violent crime.

969.035(3) (3) A court may proceed under this section if the district attorney alleges to the court and provides the court with documents as follows:

969.035(3)(a) (a) Alleges that the defendant is eligible for denial of release under sub. (2) (a) or (b).

969.035(3)(b) (b) Provides a copy of the complaint charging the commission or attempted commission of the present offense specified in sub. (2) (a) or (b).

969.035(3)(c) (c) Alleges that available conditions of release will not adequately protect members of the community from serious bodily harm or prevent the intimidation of witnesses.

969.035(4) (4) If the court determines that the district attorney has complied with sub. (3), the court may order that the detention of a person who is currently in custody be continued or may issue a warrant commanding any law enforcement officer to bring the defendant without unnecessary delay before the court. When the defendant is brought before the court, he or she shall be given a copy of the documents specified in sub. (3) and informed of his or her rights under this section and s. 970.02 (1) and (6).

969.035(5) (5) A pretrial detention hearing is a hearing before a court for the purpose of determining if the continued detention of the defendant is justified. A pretrial detention hearing may be held in conjunction with a preliminary examination under s. 970.03 or a conditional release revocation hearing under s. 969.08 (5) (b), but separate findings shall be made by the court relating to the pretrial detention, preliminary examination and conditional release revocation. The pretrial detention hearing shall be commenced within 10 days from the date the defendant is detained or brought before the court under sub. (4). The defendant may not be denied release from custody in accordance with s. 969.03 for more than 10 days prior to the hearing required by this subsection.

969.035(6) (6) During the pretrial detention hearing:

969.035(6)(a) (a) The state has the burden of going forward and proving by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant committed an offense specified under sub. (2) (a), or that the defendant committed or attempted to commit a violent crime subsequent to a prior conviction for a violent crime.

969.035(6)(b) (b) The state has the burden of going forward and proving by clear and convincing evidence that available conditions of release will not adequately protect members of the community from serious bodily harm or prevent the intimidation of witnesses.

969.035(6)(c) (c) The evidence shall be presented in open court with the right of confrontation, right to call witnesses, right to cross-examination and right to representation by counsel. The rules of evidence applicable in criminal trials govern the admissibility of evidence at the hearing.

969.035(6)(d) (d) The court may exclude witnesses until they are called to testify, may direct that persons who are expected to be called as witnesses be kept separate until called and may prevent them from communicating with one another until they have been examined.

969.035(6)(e) (e) Testimony of the defendant given shall not be admissible on the issue of guilt in any other judicial proceeding, but the testimony shall be admissible in perjury proceedings and for impeachment purposes in any subsequent proceeding.

969.035(7) (7) If the court does not make the findings under sub. (6) (a) and (b) and the defendant is otherwise eligible, the defendant shall be released from custody with or without conditions in accordance with s. 969.03.

969.035(8) (8) If the court makes the findings under sub. (6) (a) and (b), the court may deny bail to the defendant for an additional period not to exceed 60 days following the hearing. If the time period passes and the defendant is otherwise eligible, he or she shall be released from custody with or without conditions in accordance with s. 969.03.

969.035(9) (9) In computing the 10-day periods under sub. (5) and the 60-day period under sub. (8), the court shall omit any period of time found by the court to result from a delay caused by the defendant or a continuance granted which was initiated by the defendant. Delay is caused by the defendant only if the delay is expressly requested by the defendant.

969.035(10) (10) The defendant may petition the court to be released from custody with or without conditions in accordance with s. 969.03 at any time.

969.035(11) (11) A person who has been detained under this section is entitled to placement of his or her case on an expedited trial calendar and his or her trial shall be given priority.

969.035 History History: 1981 c. 183; 1987 a. 90; 1987 a. 332 ss. 58, 64; 1987 a. 399, 403; 1993 a. 227, 441, 491; 1997 a. 295; 2005 a. 277; 2021 a. 76; 2023 a. 3 ss. 2, 10.

969.04 969.04 Surety may satisfy default. Any surety may, after default, pay to the clerk of the court the amount for which the surety was bound, or such lesser sum as the court, after notice and hearing, may direct, and thereupon be discharged.

969.04 History History: 1993 a. 486.

969.05 969.05 Endorsement of bail upon warrants.

969.05(1) (1) In misdemeanor actions, the judge who issues a warrant may endorse upon the warrant the amount of bail.

969.05(2) (2) The amount and method of posting bail may be endorsed upon felony warrants.

969.05 History History: 1981 c. 183.

969.065 969.065 Judicial conference; bail alternatives. The judicial conference shall develop guidelines for cash bail for persons accused of misdemeanors which the supreme court shall adopt by rule. The guidelines shall relate primarily to individuals. The guidelines may be revised from time to time under this section.

969.065 History History: 1981 c. 183.

969.065 Annotation The constitutionality of this section is upheld. Demmith v. Wisconsin Judicial Conference, 166 Wis. 2d 649, 480 N.W.2d 502 (1992).

969.07 969.07 Taking of bail by law enforcement officer. When bail has been set for a particular defendant, any law enforcement officer may take bail in accordance with s. 969.02 and release the defendant to appear in accordance with the conditions of the appearance bond. Bail shall not be required of a defendant who has been cited for commission of a misdemeanor in accordance with s. 968.085. The law enforcement officer shall give a receipt to the defendant for the bail so taken and within a reasonable time deposit the bail with the clerk of court before whom the defendant is to appear. Bail taken by a law enforcement officer may be taken only at a sheriff’s office or police station. The receipts shall be numbered serially and shall be in triplicate, one copy for the defendant, one copy to be filed with the clerk and one copy to be filed with the police or sheriff’s department which takes the bail. This section does not require the release of a defendant from custody when an officer is of the opinion that the defendant is not in a fit condition to care for his or her own safety or would constitute, because of his or her physical condition, a danger to the safety of others. If a defendant is not released under this section, s. 970.01 shall apply.

969.07 History History: 1981 c. 183; 1983 a. 433.

969.07 Annotation Law enforcement officers may be authorized by court rule to accept surety bonds for, or, under specified circumstances, 10 percent cash deposits of, the amount listed in a misdemeanor bail schedule when an accused cannot be promptly taken before a judge for bail determination. However, such rules may not afford officers discretion as to the amount or form of bail an accused individual must post. 63 Atty. Gen. 241.

969.07 Annotation Officers may validly deny bail to a misdemeanant under this section. 75 Atty. Gen. 209.

969.07 Annotation Neither a county nor a county sheriff possesses statutory authority to use county funds to establish a revolving bail fund for the purpose of making loans to persons allowing them to post bail for certain kinds of offenses for which they are booked into the county jail. OAG 1-09.

969.08 969.08 Grant, reduction, increase or revocation of conditions of release.

969.08(1) (1) Upon petition by the state or the defendant, the court before which the action is pending may increase or reduce the amount of bail or may alter other conditions of release or the bail bond or grant bail if it has been previously revoked. Except as provided in sub. (5), a defendant for whom conditions of release are imposed and who after 72 hours from the time of initial appearance before a judge continues to be detained in custody as a result of the defendant’s inability to meet the conditions of release, upon application, is entitled to have the conditions reviewed by the judge of the court before whom the action against the defendant is pending. Unless the conditions of release are amended and the defendant is thereupon released, the judge shall set forth on the record the reasons for requiring the continuation of the conditions imposed. A defendant who is ordered released on a condition which requires that he or she return to custody after specified hours, upon application, is entitled to a review by the judge of the court before whom the action is pending. Unless the requirement is removed and the defendant thereupon released on another condition, the judge shall set forth on the record the reasons for continuing the requirement.

969.08(2) (2) Violation of the conditions of release or the bail bond constitutes grounds for the court to increase the amount of bail or otherwise alter the conditions of release or, if the alleged violation is the commission of a serious crime, revoke release under this section.

969.08(3) (3) Reasonable notice of petition under sub. (1) by the defendant shall be given to the state.

969.08(4) (4) Reasonable notice of petition under sub. (1) by the state shall be given to the defendant, except as provided in sub. (5).

969.08(5) (5) 

969.08(5)(a) (a) A court shall proceed under par. (b) if the district attorney alleges to the court and provides the court with documents as follows:

969.08(5)(a)1. 1. Alleges that the defendant is released on conditions for the alleged commission of a serious crime;

969.08(5)(a)2. 2. Alleges that the defendant has violated the conditions of release by having committed a serious crime; and

969.08(5)(a)3. 3. Provides a copy of the complaint charging the commission of the serious crime specified in subd. 2.

969.08(5)(b) (b)

969.08(5)(b)1. 1. If the court determines that the state has complied with par. (a), the court may issue a warrant commanding any law enforcement officer to bring the defendant without unnecessary delay before the court. When the defendant is brought before the court, he or she shall be given a copy of the documents specified in par. (a) and informed of his or her rights under s. 970.02 (1) and (6). The court may hold the defendant in custody and suspend the previously imposed conditions of release pending a hearing on the alleged breach. The hearing under this paragraph and the preliminary examination under s. 970.03, if required, shall be a combined hearing, with the court making the separate findings required under this paragraph and s. 970.03 at the conclusion of the combined hearing. The hearing shall be commenced within 7 days from the date the defendant is taken into custody. The defendant may not be held without setting conditions of release for more than 7 days unless a hearing is held and the findings required by this paragraph are established.

969.08(5)(b)2. 2. At a hearing on the alleged violation the state has the burden of going forward and proving by clear and convincing evidence that the violation occurred while the defendant was on conditional release. The evidence shall be presented in open court with the right of confrontation, right to call witnesses, right of cross-examination and right to representation by counsel. The rules of evidence applicable in criminal trials govern the admissibility of evidence at the hearing.

969.08(5)(b)3. 3. Upon a finding by the court that the state has established by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant has committed a serious crime while on conditional release, the court may revoke the release of the defendant and hold the defendant for trial without setting conditions of release. No reference may be made during the trial of the offense to the court’s finding in the hearing. No reference may be made in the trial to any testimony of the defendant at the hearing, except if the testimony is used for impeachment purposes. If the court does not find that the state has established by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant has committed a serious crime while on conditional release, the defendant shall be released on bail or other conditions deemed appropriate by the court.

969.08(5)(b)4. 4. If the release of any defendant is revoked under subd. 3., the defendant may demand and shall be entitled to be brought to trial on the offense with respect to which he or she was formerly released on conditions within 60 days after the date on which he or she appeared before the court under subd. 1. If the defendant is not brought to trial within the 60-day period he or she shall not be held longer without setting conditions of release and shall be released on bail or other conditions deemed appropriate by the court. In computing the 60-day period, the court shall omit any period of delay if the court finds that the delay results from a continuance granted at the exclusive request of the defendant.

969.08(5)(b)5. 5. The defendant may petition the court for reinstatement of conditions of release if any of the circumstances authorizing the revocation of release is altered. The altered conditions include, but are not limited to, the facts that the original complaint is dismissed, the defendant is found not guilty of that offense or the defendant is found guilty of a crime which is not a serious crime.

969.08(6) (6) If the judge before whom the action is pending, in which a person was released on conditions, is not available, any other circuit judge of the county may act under this section.

969.08(7) (7) If a person is charged with the commission of a serious crime in a county other than the county in which the person was released on conditions, the district attorney and court may proceed under sub. (6) and certify the findings to the circuit court for the county in which the person was released on conditions. That circuit court shall make the release revocation decision based on the certified findings.

969.08(8) (8) Information stated in, or offered in connection with, any order entered under this chapter setting bail or other conditions of release need not conform to the rules of evidence, except as provided under sub. (5) (b) 2. or s. 901.05.

969.08(9) (9) This section does not limit any other authority of a court to revoke the release of a defendant.

969.08(9m) (9m) A person who has had bail revoked under this section is entitled to placement of his or her case on an expedited trial calendar and his or her trial shall be given priority.

969.08(10) (10) In this section:

969.08(10)(a) (a) “Commission of a serious crime” includes a solicitation, conspiracy or attempt, under s. 948.35, 1999 stats., or s. 939.30, 939.31, or 939.32, to commit a serious crime.

969.08(10)(b) (b) “Serious crime” means any crime specified in s. 943.23 (1m), 1999 stats., s. 943.23 (1r), 1999 stats., or s. 943.23 (1g), 2021 stats., or s. 346.62 (4), 940.01, 940.02, 940.03, 940.05, 940.06, 940.08, 940.09, 940.10, 940.19 (5), 940.195 (5), 940.198 (2) (a) or (c), 940.20, 940.201, 940.203, 940.204, 940.21, 940.225 (1) to (3), 940.23, 940.24, 940.25, 940.29, 940.295 (3) (b) 1g., 1m., 1r., 2. or 3., 940.302 (2), 940.31, 941.20 (2) or (3), 941.26, 941.30, 941.327, 943.01 (2) (c), 943.011, 943.013, 943.02, 943.03, 943.04, 943.06, 943.10, 943.231 (1), 943.30, 943.32, 943.81, 943.82, 943.825, 943.83, 943.85, 943.86, 943.87, 943.88, 943.89, 943.90, 946.01, 946.02, 946.43, 947.015, 948.02 (1) or (2), 948.025, 948.03, 948.04, 948.05, 948.051, 948.06, 948.07, 948.085, or 948.30 or, if the victim is a financial institution, as defined in s. 943.80 (2), a crime under s. 943.84 (1) or (2).

969.08 History History: 1971 c. 298; 1977 c. 449; 1979 c. 112; 1981 c. 183; 1985 a. 293 s. 3; 1987 a. 90, 332, 399, 403; 1991 a. 153, 269; 1993 a. 50, 92, 94, 227, 441, 445, 491; 1997 a. 143, 180, 295; 1999 a. 32; 2001 a. 109; 2005 a. 212, 277; 2007 a. 97, 116; 2021 a. 76, 209; 2023 a. 10, 128.

969.09 969.09 Conditions of bond.

969.09(1) (1) If a defendant is admitted to bail before sentencing the conditions of the bond shall include, without limitation, the requirements that the defendant will appear in the court having jurisdiction on a day certain and thereafter as ordered until discharged on final order of the court and that the defendant will submit to the orders and process of the court.

969.09(2) (2) If the defendant is admitted to bail upon appeal, the conditions of the bond shall be that the defendant will duly prosecute the defendant’s appeal, that the defendant will appear at such time and place as the court directs, and that if the judgment is affirmed or reversed and remanded for a new trial or further proceedings upon notice after remittitur, the defendant will surrender to the sheriff of the county in which the defendant was tried.

969.09(3) (3) A defendant shall receive a copy of the bond which the defendant executes pursuant to this chapter.

969.09 History History: 1993 a. 486; 1995 a. 225.

969.09 Annotation A petition for a writ of habeas corpus properly named the state department with custody of probationers, rather than the sheriff, as the respondent if the petitioner was released on bail pending appeal. Dreske v. DHSS, 483 F. Supp. 783 (1980).

969.10 969.10 Notice of change of address. A person who has been released on bail or other conditions shall give written notice to the clerk of any change in his or her address within 48 hours after the change. This requirement shall be printed on all bonds.

969.10 History History: 1981 c. 183.

969.11 969.11 Release upon arrest in another county.

969.11(1) (1) If the defendant is arrested in a county other than the county in which the offense was committed, he or she shall, without unreasonable delay, either be brought before a judge of the county in which arrested for the purpose of setting bail or other conditions of release or be returned to the county in which the offense was committed. The judge shall release him or her on conditions imposed in accordance with this chapter to appear before a court in the county in which the offense was committed at a specified time and place.

969.11(2) (2) If the defendant is released on bail or other conditions pursuant to sub. (1), the judge shall make a record of the proceedings and shall certify his or her minutes thereof and shall forward the bond and bail to the court before whom the defendant is bound to appear.

969.11 History History: 1981 c. 183.

969.12 969.12 Sureties.

969.12(1) (1) Every surety under this chapter, except a surety under s. 345.61, shall be a resident of the state.

969.12(2) (2) A surety under this chapter shall be a natural person, except a surety under s. 345.61. No surety under this chapter may be compensated for acting as such a surety.

969.12(3) (3) A court may require a surety to justify by sworn affidavit that the surety is worth the amount specified in the bond exclusive of property exempt from execution. The surety shall provide such evidence of financial responsibility as the judge requires. The court may at any time examine the sufficiency of the bail in such manner as it deems proper, and in all cases the state may challenge the sufficiency of the surety.

969.12 History History: 1979 c. 34; 1993 a. 486.

969.13 969.13 Forfeiture.

969.13(1) (1) If the conditions of the bond are not complied with, the court having jurisdiction over the defendant in the criminal action shall enter an order declaring the bail to be forfeited.