Chapter 967

967.04(5)(a)3. 3. The witness is unable to attend or testify because of sickness or infirmity.

967.04(5)(a)4. 4. The party offering the deposition has been unable to procure the attendance of the witness by subpoena.

967.04(5)(b) (b) Any deposition may also be used by any party for the purpose of contradicting or impeaching the testimony of the deponent as a witness. If only part of a deposition is offered in evidence by a party, an adverse party may require the offering party to offer all of it which is relevant to the part offered and any party may offer other parts.

967.04(6) (6) Objections to receiving in evidence a deposition may be made as in civil actions.

967.04(7) (7) 

967.04(7)(a) (a) In any criminal prosecution or any proceeding under ch. 48 or 938, any party may move the court to order that a deposition of a child who has been or is likely to be called as a witness be taken by audiovisual means. Upon notice and hearing, the court may issue an order for such a deposition if the trial or hearing in which the child may be called will commence:

967.04(7)(a)1. 1. Prior to the child’s 12th birthday; or

967.04(7)(a)2. 2. Prior to the child’s 16th birthday and the court finds that the interests of justice warrant that the child’s testimony be prerecorded for use at the trial or hearing under par. (b).

967.04(7)(b) (b) Among the factors which the court may consider in determining the interests of justice are any of the following:

967.04(7)(b)1. 1. The child’s chronological age, level of development and capacity to comprehend the significance of the events and to verbalize about them.

967.04(7)(b)2. 2. The child’s general physical and mental health.

967.04(7)(b)3. 3. Whether the events about which the child will testify constituted criminal or antisocial conduct against the child or a person with whom the child had a close emotional relationship and, if the conduct constituted a battery or a sexual assault, its duration and the extent of physical or emotional injury thereby caused.

967.04(7)(b)4. 4. The child’s custodial situation and the attitude of other household members to the events about which the child will testify and to the underlying proceeding.

967.04(7)(b)5. 5. The child’s familial or emotional relationship to those involved in the underlying proceeding.

967.04(7)(b)6. 6. The child’s behavior at or reaction to previous interviews concerning the events involved.

967.04(7)(b)7. 7. Whether the child blames himself or herself for the events involved or has ever been told by any person not to disclose them; whether the child’s prior reports to associates or authorities of the events have been disbelieved or not acted upon; and the child’s subjective belief regarding what consequences to himself or herself, or persons with whom the child has a close emotional relationship, will ensue from providing testimony.

967.04(7)(b)8. 8. Whether the child manifests or has manifested symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder or other mental disorders, including, without limitation, reexperiencing the events, fear of their repetition, withdrawal, regression, guilt, anxiety, stress, nightmares, enuresis, lack of self-esteem, mood changes, compulsive behaviors, school problems, delinquent or antisocial behavior, phobias or changes in interpersonal relationships.

967.04(7)(b)9. 9. The number of separate investigative, administrative and judicial proceedings at which the child’s testimony may be required, the likely length of time until the last such proceeding, and the mental or emotional strain associated with keeping the child’s recollection of the events witnessed fresh for that period of time.

967.04(7)(b)10. 10. Whether the use of a recorded deposition would reduce the mental or emotional strain of testifying and whether the deposition could be used to reduce the number of times the child will be required to testify.

967.04(8) (8) 

967.04(8)(a) (a) If the court orders a deposition under sub. (7), the judge shall preside at the taking of the deposition and enforce compliance with the applicable provisions of ss. 885.44 to 885.47. Notwithstanding s. 885.44 (5), counsel may make objections and the judge shall make rulings thereon as at trial. The clerk of court shall keep the certified original recording of a deposition taken under sub. (7) in a secure place. No person may inspect or copy the deposition except by order of the court upon a showing that inspection or copying is required for editing under s. 885.44 (12) or for the investigation, prosecution or defense of the action in which it was authorized or the provision of services to the child.

967.04(8)(b) (b) If the court orders that a deposition be taken by audiovisual means under sub. (7), the court shall do all of the following:

967.04(8)(b)1. 1. Schedule the deposition on a date when the child’s recollection is likely to be fresh and at a time of day when the child’s energy and attention span are likely to be greatest.

967.04(8)(b)2. 2. Schedule the deposition in a room which provides adequate privacy, freedom from distractions, informality and comfort appropriate to the child’s developmental level.

967.04(8)(b)3. 3. Order a recess whenever the energy, comfort or attention span of the child or other circumstances so warrant.

967.04(8)(b)4. 4. Determine that the child understands that it is wrong to tell a lie and will testify truthfully if the child’s developmental level or verbal skills are such that administration of an oath or affirmation in the usual form would be inappropriate.

967.04(8)(b)5. 5. Before questioning by the parties begins, attempt to place the child at ease, explain to the child the purpose of the deposition and identify all persons attending.

967.04(8)(b)6. 6. Allow any questioner to have an adviser to assist the questioner, and upon permission of the judge, to conduct the questioning.

967.04(8)(b)7. 7. Supervise the spatial arrangements of the room and the location, movement, and deportment of all persons in attendance.

967.04(8)(b)8. 8. Allow the child to testify while sitting on the floor, on a platform, on an appropriately sized chair, or on the lap of a trusted adult, or while moving about the room within range of the visual and audio recording equipment.

967.04(8)(b)9. 9. Permit the defendant to be in a position from which the defendant can communicate privately and conveniently with counsel.

967.04(8)(b)10. 10. Upon request, make appropriate orders for the discovery and examination by the defendant of documents and other evidence in the possession of the state which are relevant to the issues to be covered at the deposition at a reasonable time prior thereto.

967.04(8)(b)11. 11. Bar or terminate the attendance of any person whose presence is not necessary to the taking of the deposition, or whose behavior is disruptive of the deposition or unduly stressful to the child. A reasonable number of persons deemed by the court supportive of the child or any defendant may be considered necessary to the taking of the deposition under this paragraph.

967.04(9) (9) In any criminal prosecution or juvenile fact-finding hearing under s. 48.31 or 938.31, the court may admit into evidence a recorded deposition taken under subs. (7) and (8) without an additional hearing under s. 908.08. In any proceeding under s. 302.113 (9) (am), 302.114 (9) (am), 304.06 (3), or 973.10 (2), the hearing examiner may order that a deposition be taken by audiovisual means and preside at the taking of the deposition using the procedure provided in subs. (7) and (8) and may admit the recorded deposition into evidence without an additional hearing under s. 908.08.

967.04(10) (10) If a court or hearing examiner admits a recorded deposition into evidence under sub. (9), the child may not be called as a witness at the proceeding in which it was admitted unless the court or hearing examiner so orders upon a showing that additional testimony by the child is required in the interest of fairness for reasons neither known nor with reasonable diligence discoverable at the time of the deposition by the party seeking to call the child. The testimony of a child who is required to testify under this subsection may be taken in accordance with s. 972.11 (2m), if applicable.

967.04 History History: 1983 a. 197; 1985 a. 262; Sup. Ct. Order, 141 Wis. 2d xiii (1987); 1989 a. 31; 1993 a. 486; 1995 a. 77; 1997 a. 252, 319; 1999 a. 85; 2001 a. 109; 2005 a. 42.

967.04 Note Judicial Council Note, 1985: Subs. (7) to (10) replace prior sub. (7) and ss. 967.041 to 967.043. See the legislative purpose clause in Section 1 of this act.

967.04 Annotation Like the prior statute and rules, these provisions authorize the court or hearing examiner to order the taking of a videotape deposition from a child likely to be called as a witness in a criminal trial or a hearing in a criminal, juvenile, probation revocation or parole revocation case, and to admit that deposition into evidence at such a trial or hearing.

967.04 Note This revision repeals statutory language limiting such videotape depositions to cases where there is a substantial likelihood that the child would otherwise suffer severe mental or emotional strain. It authorizes such depositions to be taken whenever the trial or hearing at which the evidence is to be offered will commence before the child’s 16th birthday. If it will commence after the child’s 12th birthday, however, the court or hearing examiner must also determine whether the interests of justice warrant the taking and use of the child’s testimony in this fashion. A nonexhaustive list of factors to be considered in making this determination is provided in sub. (7) (b), substantially similar to prior s. 967.041 (3), stats.

967.04 Note Sub. (8) (a) is substantially similar to prior ss. 967.042 (3) and (4) and 967.043. Sub. (8) (b) is substantially similar to prior s. 967.042 (2).

967.04 Note Sub. (10) is new. It prohibits the child from being called as a witness at the trial or hearing in which the videotape statement is admitted into evidence unless fairness so requires for reasons not known or reasonably discoverable when the deposition was taken. [85 Act 262]

967.04 Note Judicial Council Note, 1988: Sub. (2) is amended to allow depositions to be taken on the record by telephone or live audio-visual means on request of all defendants, unless good cause to the contrary is shown. [Re Order effective Jan. 1, 1988]

967.04 Annotation Because there was no showing that the witness was permanently ill, the defendant was denied the constitutional right to confrontation by the court’s allowing the use of the witness’s deposition. Sheehan v. State, 65 Wis. 2d 757, 223 N.W.2d 600 (1974).

967.04 Annotation Use at trial of a videotaped deposition of an eight-year-old sexual assault victim during which the screen was placed between the victim and the accused did not deny the right of confrontation. State v. Thomas, 144 Wis. 2d 876, 425 N.W.2d 641 (1988).

967.04 Annotation Confirmed and supplemented. 150 Wis. 2d 374, 442 N.W.2d 10 (1989).

967.04 Annotation A retrial with new counsel does not render a videotape deposition admissible at the first trial inadmissible at the retrial without a showing that additional testimony by the child deponent was required in the interest of fairness. State v. Kirschbaum, 195 Wis. 2d 11, 535 N.W.2d 462 (Ct. App. 1995), 94-0899.

967.04 Annotation If the state makes an adequate showing of necessity, it may use a special procedure, such as one-way closed-circuit television, to transmit a child witness’s testimony to the court without face-to-face confrontation with the defendant. Maryland v. Craig, 497 U.S. 836, 110 S. Ct. 3157, 111 L. Ed. 2d 666 (1990).

967.04 Annotation State v. Thomas: Face to Face With Coy and Craig—Constitutional Invocation of Wisconsin’s Child-Witness Protection Statute. 1990 WLR 1613.

967.05 967.05 Methods of prosecution.

967.05(1) (1) A prosecution may be commenced by the filing of:

967.05(1)(a) (a) A complaint;

967.05(1)(b) (b) In the case of a corporation or limited liability company, an information;

967.05(1)(c) (c) An indictment.

967.05(2) (2) The trial of a misdemeanor action shall be upon a complaint.

967.05(3) (3) The trial of a felony action shall be upon an information.

967.05 History History: 1979 c. 291; 1993 a. 112.

967.055 967.055 Prosecution of offenses; operation of a motor vehicle or motorboat; alcohol, intoxicant or drug.

967.055(1) (1) Intent.

967.055(1)(a) (a) The legislature intends to encourage the vigorous prosecution of offenses concerning the operation of motor vehicles by persons under the influence of an intoxicant, a controlled substance, a controlled substance analog or any combination of an intoxicant, controlled substance and controlled substance analog, under the influence of any other drug to a degree which renders him or her incapable of safely driving, or under the combined influence of an intoxicant and any other drug to a degree which renders him or her incapable of safely driving or having a prohibited alcohol concentration, as defined in s. 340.01 (46m), offenses concerning the operation of motor vehicles by persons with a detectable amount of a restricted controlled substance in his or her blood, and offenses concerning the operation of commercial motor vehicles by persons with an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or more.

967.055(1)(b) (b) The legislature intends to encourage the vigorous prosecution of offenses concerning the operation of motorboats by persons under the influence of an intoxicant, a controlled substance, a controlled substance analog or any combination of an intoxicant, controlled substance and controlled substance analog to a degree which renders him or her incapable of operating a motorboat safely, or under the combined influence of an intoxicant and any other drug to a degree which renders him or her incapable of operating a motorboat safely or having an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more.

967.055(1m) (1m) Definitions. In this section:

967.055(1m)(a) (a) “Drug” has the meaning specified in s. 450.01 (10).

967.055(1m)(b) (b) “Restricted controlled substance” means any of the following:

967.055(1m)(b)1. 1. A controlled substance included in schedule I under ch. 961 other than a tetrahydrocannabinol.

967.055(1m)(b)2. 2. A controlled substance analog, as defined in s. 961.01 (4m), of a controlled substance described in subd. 1.

967.055(1m)(b)3. 3. Cocaine or any of its metabolites.

967.055(1m)(b)4. 4. Methamphetamine.

967.055(1m)(b)5. 5. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, excluding its precursors or metabolites, at a concentration of one or more nanograms per milliliter of a person’s blood.

967.055(2) (2) Dismissing or amending charge.

967.055(2)(a) (a) Notwithstanding s. 971.29, if the prosecutor seeks to dismiss or amend a charge under s. 346.63 (1) or (5) or a local ordinance in conformity therewith, or s. 346.63 (2) or (6) or 940.25, or s. 940.09 where the offense involved the use of a vehicle or an improper refusal under s. 343.305, the prosecutor shall apply to the court. The application shall state the reasons for the proposed amendment or dismissal. The court may approve the application only if the court finds that the proposed amendment or dismissal is consistent with the public’s interest in deterring the operation of motor vehicles by persons who are under the influence of an intoxicant, a controlled substance, a controlled substance analog or any combination of an intoxicant, controlled substance and controlled substance analog, under the influence of any other drug to a degree which renders him or her incapable of safely driving, or under the combined influence of an intoxicant and any other drug to a degree which renders him or her incapable of safely driving, in deterring the operation of motor vehicles by persons with a detectable amount of a restricted controlled substance in his or her blood, or in deterring the operation of commercial motor vehicles by persons with an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or more. The court may not approve an application to amend the vehicle classification from a commercial motor vehicle to a noncommercial motor vehicle unless there is evidence in the record that the motor vehicle being operated by the defendant at the time of his or her arrest was not a commercial motor vehicle.

967.055(2)(b) (b) Notwithstanding s. 971.29, if the prosecutor seeks to dismiss or amend a charge under s. 30.681 (1) or a local ordinance in conformity therewith, a charge under s. 30.681 (2), a charge under s. 30.684 (5) or a local ordinance in conformity therewith or a charge under s. 940.09 or 940.25 if the offense involved the use of a motorboat, except a sailboat operating under sail alone, the prosecutor shall apply to the court. The application shall state the reasons for the proposed amendment or dismissal. The court may approve the application only if the court finds that the proposed amendment or dismissal is consistent with the public’s interest in deterring the operation of motorboats by persons who are under the influence of an intoxicant, a controlled substance, a controlled substance analog or any combination of an intoxicant, controlled substance and controlled substance analog, under the influence of any other drug to a degree which renders him or her incapable of operating a motorboat safely, or under the combined influence of an intoxicant and any other drug to a degree which renders him or her incapable of operating a motorboat safely.

967.055(3) (3) No deferred prosecution. A prosecutor may not place a person in a deferred prosecution program if the person is accused of or charged with any of the following offenses:

967.055(3)(a) (a) A violation of s. 346.63 (1) or (5) or a local ordinance in conformity therewith.

967.055(3)(b) (b) A violation of s. 346.63 (2) or (6).

967.055(3)(c) (c) A violation of s. 940.09 if the offense involved the use of a vehicle.

967.055(3)(d) (d) A violation of s. 940.25.

967.055 History History: 1981 c. 20, 184; 1983 a. 459; 1985 a. 146 s. 8; 1985 a. 331, 337; 1987 a. 3, 101; 1989 a. 105; 1991 a. 277; 1995 a. 113, 436, 448; 1997 a. 252; 2003 a. 30, 97; 2019 a. 68.

967.055 Note NOTE: For legislative intent see chapter 20, laws of 1981, section 2051 (13).

967.055 Annotation Sub. (2) does not conflict with the separation of powers doctrine and is constitutional. State v. Dums, 149 Wis. 2d 314, 440 N.W.2d 814 (Ct. App. 1989).

967.055 Annotation A defendant is “charged” with a crime for purposes of sub. (2) (a) when a criminal complaint is filed. State v. Corvino, 2016 WI App 52, 370 Wis. 2d 681, 883 N.W.2d 169, 15-0584.

967.055 Annotation The plain language of sub. (2) (a) clearly shows that the legislature intended to except operating while intoxicated (OWI) prosecutions from the general rule set forth in s. 971.29 (1) allowing charges to be amended without court approval at any time prior to arraignment. State v. Corvino, 2016 WI App 52, 370 Wis. 2d 681, 883 N.W.2d 169, 15-0584.

967.057 967.057 Prosecution decisions based on contributions to organizations and agencies. A prosecutor may not, in exchange for a person’s payment of money, other than restitution, to any organization or agency, dismiss or amend a charge alleging a criminal offense or elect not to commence a criminal prosecution.

967.057 History History: 1999 a. 58, 186; 2007 a. 84.

967.057 Annotation A prosecutor may engage in negotiations relating to a defendant’s reimbursement of blood withdrawal expenses, but a prosecutor may not, as a result of a defendant’s payment or offer of payment of blood withdrawal expenses, dismiss or amend the charge, citation, or complaint or forego the initiation of a criminal prosecution, action, or special proceeding based on the violation. OAG 11-09.

967.06 967.06 Determination of indigency; appointment of counsel; preparation of record.

967.06(1) (1) As soon as practicable after a person has been detained or arrested in connection with any offense that is punishable by incarceration, or in connection with any civil commitment proceeding, or in any other situation in which a person is entitled to counsel regardless of ability to pay under the constitution or laws of the United States or this state, the person shall be informed of his or her right to counsel.

967.06(2) (2) 

967.06(2)(a) (a) Except as provided in par. (b), a person entitled to counsel under sub. (1) who indicates at any time that he or she wants to be represented by a lawyer, and who claims that he or she is not able to pay in full for a lawyer’s services, shall immediately be permitted to contact the authority for indigency determinations specified under s. 977.07 (1). The authority for indigency determination in each county shall have daily telephone access to the county jail in order to identify all persons who are being held in the jail. The jail personnel shall provide by phone information requested by the authority.

967.06(2)(b) (b) If the person indicating that he or she wants to be represented by a lawyer is detained under ch. 48, 51, 55, 938, or 980, the person shall be referred for appointment of counsel as provided under s. 48.23 (4), 51.60, 55.105, 938.23 (4), or 980.03 (2) (a), whichever is applicable.