Chapter 943

943.21(3m) (3m) 

943.21(3m)(a) (a) Definitions. In this subsection:

943.21(3m)(a)1. 1. “Operating privilege” has the meaning given in s. 340.01 (40).

943.21(3m)(a)2. 2. “Repeat offense” means a violation of sub. (1m) (d) that occurs after a person has been found by a court to have violated sub. (1m) (d).

943.21(3m)(b) (b) Driver’s license suspension; 2nd offense. Subject to pars. (c) and (d), if a person commits a repeat offense, the court, in addition to imposing any penalty under sub. (3) (bm), may suspend the person’s operating privilege for not more than 6 months.

943.21(3m)(c) (c) Driver’s license suspension; 3rd offense. Subject to par. (d), if a person violates sub. (1m) (d) after having been found by a court to have committed an offense that constitutes a repeat offense, the court, in addition to imposing any penalty under sub. (3) (bm), shall suspend the person’s operating privilege for not more than 6 months.

943.21(3m)(d) (d) Driver’s license suspension; 4th offense. If a person violates sub. (1m) (d) after having his or her operating privilege suspended under par. (c), the court, in addition to imposing any penalty under sub. (3) (bm), shall suspend the person’s operating privilege for one year.

943.21(4) (4) 

943.21(4)(a) (a) In addition to the other penalties provided for violation of this section, a judge may order a violator to pay restitution under s. 973.20. A victim may not be compensated under this section and s. 943.212.

943.21(4)(b) (b) This subsection is applicable in actions concerning violations of ordinances in conformity with this section.

943.21(5) (5) A judgment may not be entered for a violation of this section or for a violation of an ordinance adopted in conformity with this section, regarding conduct that was the subject of a judgment including exemplary damages under s. 943.212.

943.21 History History: 1977 c. 173; 1979 c. 239, 242; 1991 a. 39, 65, 189; 1995 a. 160; 2001 a. 16, 109; 2003 a. 80, 252, 327.

943.212 943.212 Fraud on hotel or restaurant keeper, recreational attraction, taxicab operator, or gas station; civil liability.

943.212(1) (1) Any person who incurs injury to his or her business or property as a result of a violation of s. 943.21 may bring a civil action against any adult or emancipated minor who caused the loss for all of the following:

943.212(1)(a) (a) The retail value of the beverage, food, lodging, accommodation, ticket or other means of admission, gasoline or diesel fuel, transportation, or service involved in the violation. A person may recover under this paragraph only if he or she exercises due diligence in demanding payment for the beverage, food, lodging, accommodation, ticket or other means of admission, gasoline or diesel fuel, transportation, or service.

943.212(1)(b) (b) Any property damages not covered under par. (a).

943.212(2) (2) In addition to sub. (1), if the person who incurs the injury prevails, the judgment in the action may grant any of the following:

943.212(2)(a) (a) Exemplary damages of not more than 3 times the amount under sub. (1) (a) and (b). No additional proof is required for an award of exemplary damages under this paragraph. Exemplary damages may not be granted for conduct that was the subject of a judgment for violation of s. 943.21 or an ordinance adopted in conformity with that section.

943.212(2)(b) (b)

943.212(2)(b)1. 1. Notwithstanding the limitations of s. 814.04, reasonable attorney fees for actions commenced under ch. 801.

943.212(2)(b)2. 2. Attorney fees under s. 799.25 for actions commenced under ch. 799.

943.212(3) (3) Notwithstanding sub. (2), the total amount awarded for exemplary damages and attorney fees may not exceed $300.

943.212(4) (4) 

943.212(4)(a) (a) At least 20 days prior to commencing an action, as specified in s. 801.02, under this section, the plaintiff shall notify the defendant, by mail, of his or her intent to bring the action and of the acts constituting the basis for the violation of s. 943.21. The plaintiff shall send the notice by regular mail supported by an affidavit of service of mailing or by a certificate of mailing obtained from the U.S. post office from which the mailing was made. The plaintiff shall mail the notice to the defendant’s last-known address or to the address provided on the check or order. If the defendant pays the amount due for the beverage, food, lodging, accommodation, ticket or other means of admission, transportation, or service prior to the commencement of the action, he or she is not liable under this section.

943.212(4)(b) (b) This subsection does not apply to an action based on acts that constitute a violation of s. 943.21 (1m) (d).

943.212(5) (5) The plaintiff has the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that a violation occurred under s. 943.21. A conviction under s. 943.21 is not a condition precedent to bringing an action, obtaining a judgment or collecting that judgment under this section.

943.212(6) (6) A person is not criminally liable under s. 943.30 for any civil action brought in good faith under this section.

943.212(7) (7) Nothing in this section precludes a plaintiff from bringing the action under ch. 799 if the amount claimed is within the jurisdictional limits of s. 799.01 (1) (d).

943.212 History History: 1991 a. 65; 1995 a. 160; 2003 a. 80, 252, 327; 2005 a. 253.

943.215 943.215 Absconding without paying rent.

943.215(1) (1) Whoever having obtained the tenancy, as defined in s. 704.01 (4), of residential property he or she is entitled to occupy, intentionally absconds without paying all current and past rent due is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

943.215(2) (2) A person has a defense to prosecution under sub. (1) if he or she has provided the landlord with a security deposit that equals or exceeds the amount that the person owes the landlord regarding rent and damage to property.

943.215(3) (3) A person has a defense to prosecution under sub. (1) if, within 5 days after the day he or she vacates the rental premises, he or she pays all current and past rent due or provides to the landlord, in writing, a complete and accurate forwarding address.

943.215(4) (4) When the existence of a defense under sub. (2) or (3) has been placed in issue by the trial evidence, the state must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the facts constituting the defense do not exist in order to sustain a finding of guilt under sub. (1).

943.215(5) (5) Subsection (1) does not apply to any tenant against whom a civil judgment has been entered for punitive damages because the tenant left the premises with unpaid rent.

943.215 History History: 1989 a. 336.

943.22 943.22 Use of cheating tokens. Whoever obtains the property or services of another by depositing anything which he or she knows is not lawful money or an authorized token in any receptacle used for the deposit of coins or tokens is subject to a Class C forfeiture.

943.22 History History: 1977 c. 173.

943.225 943.225 Refusal to pay for a motor bus ride.

943.225(1) (1) In this section, “motor bus” has the meaning specified in s. 340.01 (31).

943.225(2) (2) Whoever intentionally enters a motor bus that transports persons for hire and refuses to pay, without delay, upon demand of the operator or other person in charge of the motor bus, the prescribed transportation fare is subject to a Class E forfeiture.

943.225 History History: 1987 a. 171.

943.23 943.23 Operating vehicle without owner’s consent.

943.23(1) (1) In this section:

943.23(1)(a) (a) “Drive” means the exercise of physical control over the speed and direction of a vehicle while it is in motion.

943.23(1)(b) (b) “Major part of a vehicle” means any of the following:

943.23(1)(b)1. 1. The engine.

943.23(1)(b)2. 2. The transmission.

943.23(1)(b)2m. 2m. The catalytic converter.

943.23(1)(b)3. 3. Each door allowing entrance to or egress from the passenger compartment.

943.23(1)(b)4. 4. The hood.

943.23(1)(b)5. 5. The grille.

943.23(1)(b)6. 6. Each bumper.

943.23(1)(b)7. 7. Each front fender.

943.23(1)(b)8. 8. The deck lid, tailgate or hatchback.

943.23(1)(b)9. 9. Each rear quarter panel.

943.23(1)(b)10. 10. The trunk floor pan.

943.23(1)(b)11. 11. The frame or, in the case of a unitized body, the supporting structure which serves as the frame.

943.23(1)(b)12. 12. Any part not listed under subds. 1. to 11. which has a value exceeding $500.

943.23(1)(c) (c) “Operate” includes the physical manipulation or activation of any of the controls of a vehicle necessary to put it in motion.

943.23(2) (2) Except as provided in sub. (3m), whoever intentionally takes and drives any vehicle without the consent of the owner is guilty of the following:

943.23(2)(a) (a) Except as provided in par. (b), a Class H felony.

943.23(2)(b) (b) For a 2nd or subsequent offense, a Class F felony.

943.23(2g) (2g) Except as provided in sub. (3m), whoever intentionally takes and drives any commercial motor vehicle without the consent of the owner is guilty of a Class G felony.

943.23(3) (3) Except as provided in sub. (3m), whoever intentionally drives or operates any vehicle without the consent of the owner is guilty of the following:

943.23(3)(a) (a) Except as provided in par. (b), a Class I felony.

943.23(3)(b) (b) For a 2nd or subsequent offense, a Class G felony.

943.23(3g) (3g) Except as provided in sub. (3m), whoever intentionally drives or operates any commercial motor vehicle without the consent of the owner is guilty of a Class H felony.

943.23(3m) (3m) It is an affirmative defense to a prosecution for a violation of sub. (2) or (3) if the defendant abandoned the vehicle without damage within 24 hours after the vehicle was taken from the possession of the owner. An affirmative defense under this subsection mitigates the offense to a Class A misdemeanor. A defendant who raises this affirmative defense has the burden of proving the defense by a preponderance of the evidence.

943.23(4m) (4m) Whoever knows that the owner does not consent to the driving or operation of a vehicle and intentionally accompanies, as a passenger in the vehicle, a person while he or she violates sub. (2), (3), or (3m) is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

943.23(5) (5) Whoever intentionally removes a major part of a vehicle without the consent of the owner is guilty of a Class I felony. Whoever intentionally removes any other part or component of a vehicle without the consent of the owner is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

943.23(6) (6) 

943.23(6)(a) (a) In this subsection, “pecuniary loss” has the meaning described in s. 943.245 (1).

943.23(6)(b) (b) In addition to the other penalties provided for violation of this section, a judge shall require a violator of sub. (2g) or (3g) to pay restitution for any damage he or she causes to a commercial motor vehicle to or on behalf of a victim, and a judge may require any other violator to pay restitution to or on behalf of a victim, regardless of whether the violator is placed on probation under s. 973.09. If restitution is ordered, the court shall consider the financial resources and future ability of the violator to pay and shall determine the method of payment. Upon the application of any interested party, the court may schedule and hold an evidentiary hearing to determine the value of the victim’s pecuniary loss resulting from the offense.

943.23 History History: 1977 c. 173; 1987 a. 349; 1989 a. 359; 1993 a. 92; 2001 a. 109; 2017 a. 287, 311; 2023 a. 10, 166.

943.23 Annotation The statutory language “intentionally takes and drives any vehicle without the consent of the owner” does not require that the driver of the stolen vehicle be the person who actually took the vehicle from the rightful owner. In this case, the defendant was charged with intentionally taking and driving an automobile but not charged with the initial taking from the true owner. While the state did not need to claim or prove that the defendant was the person who initially took the car from the true owner, the state was required to prove that, in addition to driving the stolen car, the defendant had knowledge that the defendant was operating the car without the owner’s consent. Edwards v. State, 46 Wis. 2d 249, 174 N.W.2d 269 (1970).

943.23 Annotation Leaving a vehicle because of the threat of imminent arrest is involuntary relinquishment, not abandonment under sub. (2) [now sub. (3m)]. State v. Olson, 106 Wis. 2d 572, 317 N.W.2d 448 (1982).

943.23 Annotation Restitution under sub. (6) (b) is analyzed in the same manner as restitution under the general statute, s. 973.20. A defendant is entitled to a hearing, although it may be informal, to challenge the existence of damage to the victim, as well as the amount of damage. If damage results from a criminal episode in which the defendant played any part, the defendant is jointly and severally liable in restitution for the amount of damages. State v. Madlock, 230 Wis. 2d 324, 602 N.W.2d 104 (Ct. App. 1999), 98-2718.

943.231 943.231 Carjacking.

943.231(1) (1) Whoever, while possessing a dangerous weapon and by the use of, or the threat of the use of, force or the weapon against another, intentionally takes any vehicle without the consent of the owner is guilty of a Class B felony.

943.231(2) (2) Whoever, by the use of force against another or by the threat of the use of force against another, intentionally takes any vehicle without the consent of the owner is guilty of a Class E felony.

943.231(3) (3) Whoever knows that the owner does not consent to the driving or operation of a vehicle and intentionally accompanies, as a passenger in the vehicle, a person while he or she violates sub. (1) is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

943.231 History History: 2023 a. 10 ss. 21, 22, 24.

943.24 943.24 Issue of worthless check.

943.24(1) (1) Whoever issues any check or other order for the payment of not more than $2,500 which, at the time of issuance, he or she intends shall not be paid is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.

943.24(2) (2) Whoever issues any single check or other order for the payment of more than $2,500 or whoever within a 90-day period issues more than one check or other order amounting in the aggregate to more than $2,500 which, at the time of issuance, the person intends shall not be paid is guilty of a Class I felony.

943.24(3) (3) Any of the following is prima facie evidence that the person at the time he or she issued the check or other order for the payment of money, intended it should not be paid:

943.24(3)(a) (a) Proof that, at the time of issuance, the person did not have an account with the drawee; or

943.24(3)(b) (b) Proof that, at the time of issuance, the person did not have sufficient funds or credit with the drawee and that the person failed within 5 days after receiving written notice of nonpayment or dishonor to pay the check or other order, delivered by regular mail to either the person’s last-known address or the address provided on the check or other order; or