939.60939.60 Felony and misdemeanor defined. A crime punishable by imprisonment in the Wisconsin state prisons is a felony. Every other crime is a misdemeanor. 939.60 HistoryHistory: 1977 c. 418 s. 924 (18) (e). 939.60 AnnotationWhen a statutory offense does not specify a place of confinement, a sentence of one year may be to either the county jail or the state prisons. All crimes punishable by imprisonment in the state prisons are classified as felonies. State ex rel. McDonald v. Circuit Court for Douglas County, 100 Wis. 2d 569, 302 N.W.2d 462 (1981). 939.61939.61 Penalty when none expressed. 939.61(1)(1) If a person is convicted of an act or omission prohibited by statute and for which no penalty is expressed, the person shall be subject to a forfeiture not to exceed $200. 939.61(2)(2) If a person is convicted of a misdemeanor under state law for which no penalty is expressed, the person may be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than 30 days or both. 939.61(3)(3) Common law penalties are abolished. 939.61 HistoryHistory: 1977 c. 173. 939.615939.615 Lifetime supervision of serious sex offenders. 939.615(1)(a)(a) “Department” means the department of corrections. 939.615(1)(b)(b) “Serious sex offense” means any of the following: 939.615(1)(b)1.1. A violation, or the solicitation, conspiracy, or attempt to commit a violation, of s. 940.22 (2), 940.225 (1), (2), or (3), 948.02 (1) or (2), 948.025 (1), 948.05 (1) or (1m), 948.051, 948.055 (1), 948.06, 948.07, 948.075, 948.08, 948.085, 948.11 (2) (a), 948.12, 948.125, or 948.13 or of s. 940.302 (2) if s. 940.302 (2) (a) 1. b. applies. 939.615(1)(b)2.2. A violation, or the solicitation, conspiracy or attempt to commit a violation, under ch. 940, 942, 943, 944 or 948 other than a violation specified in subd. 1., if the court determines that one of the purposes for the conduct constituting the violation was for the actor’s sexual arousal or gratification. 939.615(2)(2) When lifetime supervision may be ordered. 939.615(2)(a)(a) Except as provided in par. (b), if a person is convicted of a serious sex offense or found not guilty of a serious sex offense by reason of mental disease or defect, the court may, in addition to sentencing the person, placing the person on probation or, if applicable, committing the person under s. 971.17, place the person on lifetime supervision by the department if notice concerning lifetime supervision was given to the person under s. 973.125 and if the court determines that lifetime supervision of the person is necessary to protect the public. 939.615(2)(b)(b) A court may not place a person on lifetime supervision under this section if the person was previously placed on lifetime supervision under this section for a prior conviction for a serious sex offense or a prior finding of not guilty of a serious sex offense by reason of mental disease or defect and that previous placement on lifetime supervision has not been terminated under sub. (6). 939.615(2)(c)(c) If the prosecutor is seeking lifetime supervision for a person who is charged with committing a serious sex offense specified in sub. (1) (b) 2., the court shall direct that the trier of fact find a special verdict as to whether the conduct constituting the offense was for the actor’s sexual arousal or gratification. 939.615(3)(3) When lifetime supervision begins. Subject to sub. (4), the period of lifetime supervision on which a person is placed under this section shall begin at whichever of the following times is applicable: 939.615(3)(a)(a) If the person is placed on probation for the serious sex offense, upon his or her discharge from probation. 939.615(3)(b)(b) If the person is sentenced to prison for the serious sex offense, upon his or her discharge from parole or extended supervision. 939.615(3)(c)(c) If the person is sentenced to prison for the serious sex offense and is being released from prison because he or she has reached the expiration date of his or her sentence, upon his or her release from prison. 939.615(3)(d)(d) If the person has been committed to the department of health services under s. 971.17 for the serious sex offense, upon the termination of his or her commitment under s. 971.17 (5) or his or her discharge from the commitment under s. 971.17 (6), whichever is applicable. 939.615(4)(4) Only one period of lifetime supervision may be imposed. If a person is being sentenced for more than one conviction for a serious sex offense, the court may place the person on one period of lifetime supervision only. A period of lifetime supervision ordered for a person sentenced for more than one conviction begins at whichever of the times specified in sub. (3) is the latest. 939.615(5)(5) Status of person placed on lifetime supervision; powers and duties of department. 939.615(5)(a)(a) A person placed on lifetime supervision under this section is subject to the control of the department under conditions set by the court and regulations established by the department that are necessary to protect the public and promote the rehabilitation of the person placed on lifetime supervision. 939.615(5)(am)(am) The department may temporarily take a person on lifetime supervision into custody if the department has reasonable grounds to believe that the person has violated a condition or regulation of lifetime supervision. Custody under this paragraph may last only as long as is reasonably necessary to investigate whether the person violated a condition or regulation of lifetime supervision and, if warranted, to refer the person to the appropriate prosecuting agency for commencement of prosecution under sub. (7). 939.615(5)(b)(b) The department shall charge a fee to a person placed on lifetime supervision to partially reimburse the department for the costs of providing supervision and services. The department shall set varying rates for persons placed on lifetime supervision based on ability to pay and with the goal of receiving at least $1 per day, if appropriate, from each person placed on lifetime supervision. The department may decide not to charge a fee while a person placed on lifetime supervision is exempt as provided under par. (c). The department shall collect moneys for the fees charged under this paragraph and credit those moneys to the appropriation account under s. 20.410 (1) (gh). 939.615(5)(c)(c) The department may decide not to charge a fee under par. (b) to any person placed on lifetime supervision while he or she meets any of the following conditions: 939.615(5)(c)2.2. Is pursuing a full-time course of instruction approved by the department. 939.615(5)(c)3.3. Is undergoing treatment approved by the department and is unable to work. 939.615(5)(c)4.4. Has a statement from a physician certifying to the department that the person should be excused from working for medical reasons. 939.615(6)(6) Petition for termination of lifetime supervision. 939.615(6)(a)(a) Subject to par. (b), a person placed on lifetime supervision under this section may file a petition requesting that lifetime supervision be terminated. A person shall file a petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision with the court that ordered the lifetime supervision. 939.615(6)(b)1.1. A person may not file a petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision if he or she has been convicted of a crime that was committed during the period of lifetime supervision. 939.615(6)(b)2.2. A person may not file a petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision earlier than 15 years after the date on which the period of lifetime supervision began. If a person files a petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision at any time earlier than 15 years after the date on which the period of lifetime supervision began, the court shall deny the petition without a hearing. 939.615(6)(c)(c) Upon receiving a petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision, the court shall send a copy of the petition to the district attorney responsible for prosecuting the serious sex offense that was the basis for the order of lifetime supervision. Upon receiving a copy of a petition sent to him or her under this paragraph, a district attorney shall conduct a criminal history record search to determine whether the person has been convicted of a criminal offense that was committed during the period of lifetime supervision. No later than 30 days after the date on which he or she receives the copy of the petition, the district attorney shall report the results of the criminal history record search to the court and may provide a written response to the petition. 939.615(6)(d)(d) After reviewing the report of the district attorney submitted under par. (c) concerning the results of a criminal history record search, the court shall do whichever of the following is applicable: 939.615(6)(d)1.1. If the report of the district attorney indicates that the person filing the petition has been convicted of a criminal offense that was committed during the period of lifetime supervision, the court shall deny the person’s petition without a hearing. 939.615(6)(d)2.2. If the report of the district attorney indicates that the person filing the petition has not been convicted of a criminal offense that was committed during the period of lifetime supervision, the court shall order the person to be examined under par. (e), shall notify the department that it may submit a report under par. (em) and shall schedule a hearing on the petition to be conducted as provided under par. (f). 939.615(6)(e)(e) A person filing a petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision who is entitled to a hearing under par. (d) 2. shall be examined by a person who is either a physician or a psychologist and who is approved by the court. The physician or psychologist who conducts an examination under this paragraph shall prepare a report of his or her examination that includes his or her opinion of whether the person petitioning for termination of lifetime supervision is a danger to public. The physician or psychologist shall file the report of his or her examination with the court within 60 days after completing the examination, and the court shall provide copies of the report to the person filing the petition and the district attorney who received a copy of the person’s petition under par. (c). The contents of the report shall be confidential until the physician or psychologist testifies at a hearing under par. (f). The person petitioning for termination of lifetime supervision shall pay the cost of an examination required under this paragraph. 939.615(6)(em)(em) After it receives notification from the court under par. (d) 2., the department may prepare and submit to the court a report concerning a person who has filed a petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision. If the department prepares and submits a report under this paragraph, the report shall include information concerning the person’s conduct while on lifetime supervision and an opinion as to whether lifetime supervision of the person is still necessary to protect the public. When a report prepared under this paragraph has been received by the court, the court shall, before the hearing under par. (f), disclose the contents of the report to the attorney for the person who filed the petition and to the district attorney. When the person who filed the petition is not represented by an attorney, the contents shall be disclosed to the person. 939.615(6)(f)(f) A hearing on a petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision may not be conducted until the person filing the petition has been examined and a report of the examination has been filed as provided under par. (e). At the hearing, the court shall take evidence it considers relevant to determining whether lifetime supervision should be continued because the person who filed the petition is a danger to the public. The person who filed the petition and the district attorney who received the petition under par. (c) may offer evidence relevant to the issue of the person’s dangerousness and the continued need for lifetime supervision. 939.615(6)(g)(g) The court may grant a petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision if it determines after a hearing under par. (f) that lifetime supervision is no longer necessary to protect the public. 939.615(6)(h)(h) If a petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision is denied after a hearing under par. (f), the person may not file a subsequent petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision until at least 3 years have elapsed since the most recent petition was denied. 939.615(6)(i)(i) If the court grants a petition requesting termination of lifetime supervision and the person is registered with the department under s. 301.45, the court may also order that the person is no longer required to comply with the reporting requirements under s. 301.45. This paragraph does not apply to a person who must continue to comply with the reporting requirements for life under s. 301.45 (5) (b) or for as long as he or she is in this state under s. 301.45 (5m) (b). 939.615(7)(7) Penalty for violation of a condition of lifetime supervision. 939.615(7)(a)(a) No person placed on lifetime supervision under this section may knowingly violate a condition or regulation of lifetime supervision established by the court or by the department. 939.615(7)(b)1.1. Except as provided in subd. 2., whoever violates par. (a) is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor. 939.615(7)(b)2.2. Whoever violates par. (a) is guilty of a Class I felony if the same conduct that violates par. (a) also constitutes a crime that is a felony. 939.616939.616 Mandatory minimum sentence for child sex offenses. 939.616(1g)(1g) If a person is convicted of a violation of s. 948.02 (1) (am) or 948.025 (1) (a), notwithstanding s. 973.014 (1g) (a) 1. and 2., the court may not make an extended supervision eligibility date determination on a date that will occur before the person has served a 25-year term of confinement in prison. 939.616(1r)(1r) If a person is convicted of a violation of s. 948.02 (1) (b) or (c) or 948.025 (1) (b), the court shall impose a bifurcated sentence under s. 973.01. The term of confinement in prison portion of the bifurcated sentence shall be at least 25 years. Otherwise the penalties for the crime apply, subject to any applicable penalty enhancement. 939.616(2)(2) If a person is convicted of a violation of s. 948.02 (1) (d) or 948.025 (1) (c), the court shall impose a bifurcated sentence under s. 973.01. The term of confinement in prison portion of the bifurcated sentence shall be at least 5 years. Otherwise the penalties for the crime apply, subject to any applicable penalty enhancement. 939.616(3)(3) This section does not apply if s. 939.62 (2m) (c) applies. The mandatory minimum sentences in this section do not apply to an offender who was under 18 years of age when the violation occurred. 939.616 HistoryHistory: 2005 a. 430 s. 1; 2007 a. 80; 2007 a. 97 s. 309. 939.616 AnnotationLabeling this section a “mandatory minimum sentence” statute and stating that “the court shall impose a bifurcated sentence” and that the “term of confinement in prison portion of the bifurcated sentence shall be at least 25 years,” the legislature has clearly prohibited probation. State v. Lalicata, 2012 WI App 138, 345 Wis. 2d 342, 824 N.W.2d 921, 12-0225. 939.617939.617 Minimum sentence for certain child sex offenses. 939.617(1)(1) Except as provided in subs. (2) and (3), if a person is convicted of a violation of s. 948.05, 948.075, 948.12, or 948.125, the court shall impose a bifurcated sentence under s. 973.01. The term of confinement in prison portion of the bifurcated sentence shall be at least 5 years for violations of s. 948.05 or 948.075 and 3 years for violations of s. 948.12 or 948.125. Otherwise the penalties for the crime apply, subject to any applicable penalty enhancement. 939.617(2)(2) If the court finds that the best interests of the community will be served and the public will not be harmed and if the court places its reasons on the record, the court may impose a sentence that is less than the sentence required under sub. (1) or may place the person on probation under any of the following circumstances: 939.617(2)(a)(a) If the person is convicted of a violation of s. 948.05, the person is no more than 48 months older than the child who is the victim of the violation. 939.617(2)(b)(b) If the person is convicted of a violation of s. 948.12, the person is no more than 48 months older than the child who engaged in the sexually explicit conduct. 939.617(3)(3) This section does not apply if the offender was under 18 years of age when the violation occurred. 939.617 AnnotationThe legislature had reasonable and practical grounds for making a conviction for using a computer to facilitate a child sex crime under s. 948.075 (1r) subject to a mandatory minimum sentence. Thus, there was a rational basis for the penalty enhancer in sub. (1), and sub. (1) was not unconstitutional as applied to the defendant. State v. Heidke, 2016 WI App 55, 370 Wis. 2d 771, 883 N.W.2d 162, 15-1420. 939.617 AnnotationThis section has a plain and unambiguous meaning. When faced with a conviction for possessing child pornography, sub. (1) requires the court to impose a bifurcated sentence with at least three years’ initial confinement. Sub. (2) allows the court to depart from this minimum and impose less initial confinement or probation only if the defendant is not more than 48 months older than the child-victim. State v. Holcomb, 2016 WI App 70, 371 Wis. 2d 647, 886 N.W.2d 100, 15-0996. 939.617 AnnotationThis section and s. 948.12 work harmoniously together in setting the parameters for the punishment for the crime of possession of child pornography: s. 948.12 sets forth the maximum allowable sentence based on the applicable felony classification, and this section sets forth the minimum allowable sentence. State v. Brott, 2023 WI App 45, 409 Wis. 2d 96, 996 N.W.2d 78, 21-2001. 939.618939.618 Mandatory minimum sentence for repeat serious sex crimes. 939.618(2)(a)(a) Except as provided in par. (b), if a person has one or more prior convictions for a serious sex crime and subsequently commits a serious sex crime, the court shall impose a bifurcated sentence under s. 973.01. The term of confinement in prison portion of a bifurcated sentence imposed under this subsection may not be less than 3 years and 6 months, but otherwise the penalties for the crime apply, subject to any applicable penalty enhancement. The court may not place the defendant on probation. 939.618(2)(b)(b) If a person has one or more prior convictions for a violation of s. 940.225 (1) or for a comparable crime under federal law or the law of any state and subsequently is convicted of a violation of s. 940.225 (1), the maximum term of imprisonment for the violation of s. 940.225 (1) is life imprisonment without the possibility of parole or extended supervision. 939.618 HistoryHistory: 1993 a. 97, 227; 1997 a. 326; 2001 a. 109; 2005 a. 271; 2005 a. 433 s. 16; Stats. 2005 s. 939.618. 939.619939.619 Mandatory minimum sentence for repeat serious violent crimes. 939.619(1)(1) In this section, “serious violent crime” means a violation of s. 940.02, 940.03, 940.05, 940.06, 940.09, 940.19 (5), 940.21, 940.305, 940.31, 941.327 (2) (b) 2., 3., or 4., 943.02, 943.231 (1), 943.32 (2), 943.87, 948.03 (2) (a) or (5), 948.051, or 948.30 (2). 939.619(2)(2) If a person has one or more prior convictions for a serious violent crime or a crime punishable by life imprisonment and subsequently commits a serious violent crime, the court shall impose a bifurcated sentence under s. 973.01. The term of confinement in prison portion of a bifurcated sentence imposed under this subsection may not be less than 5 years, but otherwise the penalties for the crime apply, subject to any applicable penalty enhancement. The court may not place the defendant on probation. 939.619 HistoryHistory: 1993 a. 97; 2001 a. 109; 2005 a. 433 s. 17; Stats. 2005 s. 939.619; 2017 a. 309; 2023 a. 10. 939.6195939.6195 Mandatory minimum sentence for repeat firearm crimes. 939.6195(1)(a)2.2. A commission of any crime specified under chs. 939 to 951 and 961 if the person uses a firearm in the commission of the crime.
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