Chapter 938

938.396(1j)(c)1. 1. The petitioner’s interest in recovering for the injury, damage or loss he or she has suffered against the juvenile’s interest in rehabilitation and in avoiding the stigma that might result from disclosure.

938.396(1j)(c)2. 2. The public’s interest in the redress of private wrongs through private litigation against the public’s interest in protecting the integrity of the juvenile justice system.

938.396(1j)(c)3. 3. If the petitioner is a person who was denied access to a record under sub. (1) (c) 3., the petitioner’s legitimate educational interests, including safety interests, in the information against society’s interest in protecting its confidentiality.

938.396(1j)(d) (d) If the court determines that disclosure is warranted, it shall order the disclosure of only as much information as is necessary to meet the petitioner’s need for the information.

938.396(1j)(e) (e) The court shall record the reasons for its decision to disclose or not to disclose the juvenile’s records. All records related to a decision under this subsection are confidential.

938.396(2) (2) Court records; confidentiality.

938.396(2)(a) (a) Records of the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 and of municipal courts exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2) shall be entered in books or deposited in files kept for that purpose only. Those records shall not be open to inspection or their contents disclosed except by order of the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 or as required or permitted under sub. (2g), (2m) (b) or (c), or (10).

938.396(2)(b) (b) The provisions of ss. 801.19 to 801.21 are applicable in court proceedings under this chapter and ch. 48.

938.396(2g) (2g) Confidentiality of court records; exceptions. Notwithstanding sub. (2), records of the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 and of courts exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2) may be disclosed as follows:

938.396(2g)(ag) (ag) Request of parent or juvenile. Upon request of the parent, guardian, or legal custodian of a juvenile who is the subject of a record of a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 or of a municipal court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2), or upon request of the juvenile, if 14 years of age or over, the court that is the custodian of the record shall open for inspection by the parent, guardian, legal custodian, or juvenile its records relating to that juvenile, unless that court finds, after due notice and hearing, that inspection of those records by the parent, guardian, legal custodian, or juvenile would result in imminent danger to anyone.

938.396(2g)(am) (am) Permission of parent or juvenile. Upon the written permission of the parent, guardian, or legal custodian of a juvenile who is the subject of a record of a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 or of a municipal court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2), or upon written permission of the juvenile if 14 years of age or over, the court that is the custodian of the record shall open for inspection by the person named in the permission any records specifically identified by the parent, guardian, legal custodian, or juvenile in the written permission, unless that court finds, after due notice and hearing, that inspection of those records by the person named in the permission would result in imminent danger to anyone.

938.396(2g)(b) (b) Federal program monitoring.

938.396(2g)(b)1. 1. Upon request of the department of corrections, the department of children and families, or a federal agency to review court records for the purpose of monitoring and conducting periodic evaluations of activities as required by and implemented under 45 CFR 1355, 1356, and 1357, the court shall open those records for inspection and copying by authorized representatives of the requester. Those representatives shall keep those records confidential and may use and further disclose those records only for the purpose for which those records were requested.

938.396(2g)(b)2. 2. Upon request of an entity engaged in the bona fide research, monitoring, or evaluation of activities conducted under 42 USC 629h, as determined by the director of state courts, to review court records for the purpose of that research, monitoring, or evaluation, the court shall open those records for inspection and copying by authorized representatives of that entity. Those representatives shall keep those records confidential and may use and further disclose those records only for the purpose for which those records were requested. The director of state courts may use the circuit court automated information system under s. 758.19 (4) to facilitate the transfer of electronic records between the court and that entity.

938.396(2g)(c) (c) Law enforcement agencies. Upon request of a law enforcement agency to review court records for the purpose of investigating alleged criminal activity or activity that may result in a court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.12 or 938.13 (12), the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 shall open for inspection by authorized representatives of the requester the records of the court relating to any juvenile who has been the subject of a proceeding under this chapter.

938.396(2g)(d) (d) Criminal and civil proceedings. Upon request of a court of criminal jurisdiction to review court records for the purpose of conducting or preparing for a proceeding in that court, upon request of a district attorney to review court records for the purpose of performing his or her official duties in a proceeding in a court of criminal jurisdiction, or upon request of a court of civil jurisdiction or the attorney for a party to a proceeding in that court to review court records for the purpose of impeaching a witness under s. 906.09, the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 shall open for inspection by authorized representatives of the requester the records of the court relating to any juvenile who has been the subject of a proceeding under this chapter.

938.396(2g)(dm) (dm) Delinquency or criminal defense. Upon request of a defense counsel to review court records for the purpose of preparing his or her client’s defense to an allegation of delinquent or criminal activity, the court shall open for inspection by authorized representatives of the requester the records of the court relating to that client.

938.396(2g)(dr) (dr) Presentence investigation. Upon request of the department of corrections or any other person preparing a presentence investigation under s. 972.15 to review court records for the purpose of preparing the presentence investigation, the court shall open for inspection by any authorized representative of the requester the records of the court relating to any juvenile who has been the subject of a proceeding under this chapter.

938.396(2g)(em) (em) Sex offender registration. Upon request of the department of corrections to review court records for the purpose of obtaining information concerning a juvenile who is required to register under s. 301.45, the court shall open for inspection by authorized representatives of the requester the records of the court relating to any juvenile who has been adjudicated delinquent or found in need of protection or services or not responsible by reason of mental disease or defect for an offense specified in s. 301.45 (1g) (a). The department of corrections may disclose information that it obtains under this paragraph as provided under s. 301.46.

938.396(2g)(f) (f) Victim-witness coordinator. Upon request of the victim-witness coordinator to review court records for the purpose of enforcing rights under the constitution, this chapter, and s. 950.04 and providing services under s. 950.06 (1m), the court shall open for inspection by the victim-witness coordinator the records of the court relating to the enforcement of those rights or the provision of those services, including the name and address of the juvenile and the juvenile’s parents. The victim-witness coordinator may use any information obtained under this paragraph only for the purpose of enforcing those rights and providing those services and may make that information available only as necessary to ensure that victims and witnesses of crimes, as defined in s. 950.02 (1m), receive the rights and services to which they are entitled under the constitution, this chapter and ch. 950. The victim-witness coordinator may also use that information to disclose the name and address of the juvenile and the juvenile’s parents to the victim of the juvenile’s act.

938.396(2g)(fm) (fm) Victim’s insurer. Upon request of an insurer of the victim, as defined in s. 938.02 (20m) (a) 1., the court shall disclose to an authorized representative of the requester the amount of restitution, if any, that the court has ordered a juvenile to make to the victim.

938.396(2g)(g) (g) Paternity of juvenile. Upon request of a court having jurisdiction over actions affecting the family, an attorney responsible for support enforcement under s. 59.53 (6) (a) or a party to a paternity proceeding under subch. IX of ch. 767, the party’s attorney or the guardian ad litem for the juvenile who is the subject of that proceeding to review or be provided with information from the records of the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 relating to the paternity of a juvenile for the purpose of determining the paternity of the juvenile or for the purpose of rebutting the presumption of paternity under s. 891.405, 891.407, or 891.41, the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 shall open for inspection by the requester its records relating to the paternity of the juvenile or disclose to the requester those records.

938.396(2g)(gm) (gm) Other courts. Upon request of any court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48, any municipal court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2), or a district attorney, corporation counsel, or city, village, or town attorney to review court records for the purpose of any proceeding in that court or upon request of the attorney or guardian ad litem for a party to a proceeding in that court to review court records for the purpose of that proceeding, the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 or the municipal court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2) shall open for inspection by any authorized representative of the requester its records relating to any juvenile who has been the subject of a proceeding under this chapter.

938.396(2g)(h) (h) Custody of juvenile. Upon request of the court having jurisdiction over an action affecting the family or of an attorney for a party or a guardian ad litem in an action affecting the family to review court records for the purpose of considering the custody of a juvenile, the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 or a municipal court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2) shall open for inspection by an authorized representative of the requester its records relating to any juvenile who has been the subject of a proceeding under this chapter.

938.396(2g)(i) (i) Probate court. Upon request of the court assigned to exercise probate jurisdiction, the attorney general, the personal representative or special administrator of, or an attorney performing services for, the estate of a decedent in any proceeding under chs. 851 to 879, a person interested, as defined in s. 851.21, or an attorney, attorney-in-fact, guardian ad litem or guardian of the estate of a person interested to review court records for the purpose of s. 854.14 (5) (b), the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 shall open for inspection by any authorized representative of the requester the records of the court relating to any juvenile who has been adjudged delinquent on the basis of unlawfully and intentionally killing a person.

938.396(2g)(j) (j) Fire investigator. Upon request of a fire investigator under s. 165.55 (15) to review court records for the purpose of pursuing an investigation under s. 165.55, the court shall open for inspection by authorized representatives of the requester the records of the court relating to any juvenile who has been adjudicated delinquent or found to be in need of protection or services under s. 938.13 (12) or (14) for a violation of s. 940.08, 940.24, 941.10, 941.11, 943.01, 943.012, 943.013, 943.02, 943.03, 943.04, 943.05, or 943.06 or for an attempt to commit any of those violations.

938.396(2g)(k) (k) Serious juvenile offenders. Upon request of any person, the court shall open for inspection by the requester the records of the court, other than reports under s. 938.295 or 938.33 or other records that deal with sensitive personal information of the juvenile and the juvenile’s family, relating to a juvenile who has been alleged to be delinquent for committing a violation specified in s. 938.34 (4h) (a). The requester may further disclose the information to anyone.

938.396(2g)(L) (L) Repeat offenders. Upon request of any person, the court shall open for inspection by the requester the records of the court, other than reports under s. 938.295 or 938.33 or other records that deal with sensitive personal information of the juvenile and the juvenile’s family, relating to a juvenile who has been alleged to be delinquent for committing a violation that would be a felony if committed by an adult if the juvenile has been adjudicated delinquent at any time preceding the present proceeding and that previous adjudication remains of record and unreversed. The requester may further disclose the information to anyone.

938.396(2g)(m) (m) Notification of juvenile’s school.

938.396(2g)(m)1. 1. If a petition under s. 938.12 or 938.13 (12) is filed alleging that a juvenile has committed a delinquent act that would be a felony if committed by an adult, the court clerk shall notify the school board of the school district, the governing body of the private school, or the governing body of the tribal school in which the juvenile is enrolled or the designee of the school board or governing body of the fact that the petition has been filed and the nature of the delinquent act alleged in the petition. If later the proceeding on the petition is closed, dismissed, or otherwise terminated without a finding that the juvenile has committed a delinquent act, the court clerk shall notify the school board of the school district or the governing body of the private school or tribal school in which the juvenile is enrolled or the designee of the school board or governing body that the proceeding has been terminated without a finding that the juvenile has committed a delinquent act.

938.396(2g)(m)2. 2. Subject to subd. 4., if a juvenile is adjudged delinquent, within 5 days after the date on which the dispositional order is entered, the court clerk shall notify the school board of the school district, the governing body of the private school, or the governing body of the tribal school in which the juvenile is enrolled or the designee of the school board or governing body of the fact that the juvenile has been adjudicated delinquent, the nature of the violation committed by the juvenile, and the disposition imposed on the juvenile under s. 938.34 as a result of the violation.

938.396(2g)(m)3. 3. If school attendance is a condition of a dispositional order under s. 938.342 (1d) or (1g) or 938.355 (2) (b) 7., within 5 days after the date on which the dispositional order is entered, the clerk of the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 or the clerk of the municipal court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2) shall notify the school board of the school district, the governing body of the private school, or the governing body of the tribal school in which the juvenile is enrolled or the designee of the school board or governing body of the fact that the juvenile’s school attendance is a condition of a dispositional order.

938.396(2g)(m)4. 4. If a juvenile is found to have committed a delinquent act at the request of or for the benefit of a criminal gang, as defined in s. 939.22 (9), that would have been a felony under chs. 939 to 948 or 961 if committed by an adult and is adjudged delinquent on that basis, within 5 days after the date on which the dispositional order is entered, the court clerk shall notify the school board of the school district, the governing body of the private school, or the governing body of the tribal school in which the juvenile is enrolled or the designee of the school board or governing body of the fact that the juvenile has been adjudicated delinquent on that basis, the nature of the violation committed by the juvenile, and the disposition imposed on the juvenile under s. 938.34 as a result of that violation.

938.396(2g)(m)5. 5. In addition to the disclosure made under subd. 2. or 4., if a juvenile is adjudicated delinquent and as a result of the dispositional order is enrolled in a different school district, private school, or tribal school from the school district, private school, or tribal school in which the juvenile is enrolled at the time of the dispositional order, the court clerk, within 5 days after the date on which the dispositional order is entered, shall provide the school board of the juvenile’s new school district, the governing body of the juvenile’s new private school, or the governing body of the tribal school or the designee of the school board or governing body with the information specified in subd. 2. or 4., whichever is applicable, and, in addition, shall notify that school board, governing body, or designee of whether the juvenile has been adjudicated delinquent previously by that court, the nature of any previous violations committed by the juvenile, and the dispositions imposed on the juvenile under s. 938.34 as a result of those previous violations.

938.396(2g)(m)6. 6. Except as required under subds. 1. to 5. or by order of the court, no information from the juvenile’s court records may be disclosed to the school board of the school district, the governing body of the private school, or the governing body of the tribal school in which the juvenile is enrolled or the designee of the school board or governing body. Any information from a juvenile’s court records provided to the school board of the school district or the governing body of the private school in which the juvenile is enrolled or the designee of the school board or governing body shall be disclosed by the school board, governing body, or designee to employees of the school district or private school who work directly with the juvenile or who have been determined by the school board, governing body, or designee to have legitimate educational interests, including safety interests, in the information. A school district or private school employee to whom that information is disclosed may not further disclose the information. If information is disclosed to the governing body of a tribal school under this subdivision, the court shall request that the governing body of the tribal school or its designee disclose the information to employees who work directly with the juvenile or who have been determined by the governing body or its designee to have legitimate educational interests, including safety interests, in the information, and shall further request that the governing body prohibit any employee to whom information is disclosed under this subdivision from further disclosing the information. A school board may not use any information from a juvenile’s court records as the sole basis for expelling or suspending a juvenile or as the sole basis for taking any other disciplinary action against a juvenile, but may use information from a juvenile’s court records as the sole basis for taking action against a juvenile under the school district’s athletic code. A member of a school board or of the governing body of a private school or tribal school or an employee of a school district, private school, or tribal school may not be held personally liable for any damages caused by the nondisclosure of any information specified in this subdivision unless the member or employee acted with actual malice in failing to disclose the information. A school district, private school, or tribal school may not be held liable for any damages caused by the nondisclosure of any information specified in this subdivision unless the school district, private school, or tribal school or its agent acted with gross negligence or with reckless, wanton, or intentional misconduct in failing to disclose the information.

938.396(2g)(n) (n) Firearms restrictions record search or background check. If a juvenile is adjudged delinquent for an act that would be a felony if committed by an adult, the court clerk shall notify the department of justice of that fact. No other information from the juvenile’s court records may be disclosed to the department of justice except by order of the court. The department of justice may disclose any information provided under this subsection only as part of a firearms restrictions record search under s. 175.35 (2g) (c) or a background check under s. 175.60 (9g) (a).

938.396(2g)(o) (o) Criminal history record search. If a juvenile is adjudged delinquent for committing a serious crime, as defined in s. 48.685 (1) (c) or 48.686 (1) (c), the court clerk shall notify the department of justice of that fact. No other information from the juvenile’s court records may be disclosed to the department of justice except by order of the court. The department of justice may disclose any information provided under this subsection only as part of a criminal history record search under s. 48.685 (2) (am) 1. or (b) 1m. or s. 48.686 (2) (am).

938.396(2m) (2m) Electronic court records.

938.396(2m)(a) (a) In this subsection, “court” means the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48.

938.396(2m)(b) (b)

938.396(2m)(b)1. 1. The court shall make information relating to a proceeding under this chapter that is contained in the electronic records of the court available to any other court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48, a municipal court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2), a court of criminal jurisdiction, a person representing the interests of the public under s. 48.09 or 938.09, an attorney or guardian ad litem for a parent or child who is a party to a proceeding in a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter or ch. 48 or a municipal court, a district attorney prosecuting a criminal case, a law enforcement agency, the department of children and families, the department of corrections, or a county department, regardless of whether the person to whom the information is disclosed is a party to or is otherwise involved in the proceedings in which the electronic records containing that information were created. The director of state courts may use the circuit court automated information systems established under s. 758.19 (4) to make information contained in the electronic records of the court available as provided in this subdivision.

938.396(2m)(b)2. 2. Subdivision 1. does not authorize disclosure of any information relating to the physical or mental health of an individual or that deals with any other sensitive personal matter of an individual, including information contained in a patient health care record, as defined in s. 146.81 (4), a treatment record, as defined in s. 51.30 (1) (b), the record of a proceeding under s. 48.135, a report resulting from an examination or assessment under s. 938.295, a court report under s. 938.33, or a permanency plan under s. 938.38, except with the informed consent of a person authorized to consent to that disclosure, by order of the court, or as otherwise permitted by law.

938.396(2m)(c) (c)

938.396(2m)(c)1g. 1g. A court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48, a municipal court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2), or a court of criminal jurisdiction shall keep any information made available to that court under par. (b) 1. confidential and may use or allow access to that information only for the purpose of conducting or preparing for a proceeding in that court. That court may allow that access regardless of whether the person who is allowed that access is a party to or is otherwise involved in the proceedings in which the electronic records containing that information were created.

938.396(2m)(c)1m. 1m. A person representing the interests of the public under s. 48.09 or 938.09, an attorney or guardian ad litem for a parent or child who is a party to a proceeding in a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter or ch. 48 or a municipal court, or a district attorney prosecuting a criminal case shall keep any information made available to that person under par. (b) 1. confidential and may use or allow access to that information only for the purpose of performing his or her official duties relating to a proceeding in a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48, a municipal court, or a court of criminal jurisdiction. That person may allow that access regardless of whether the person who is allowed that access is a party to or is otherwise involved in the proceedings in which the electronic records containing that information were created.

938.396(2m)(c)1p. 1p. A law enforcement agency shall keep any information made available to the law enforcement agency under par. (b) 1. confidential and may use or allow access to that information only for the purpose of investigating alleged criminal activity or activity that may result in a court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.12 or 938.13 (12). A law enforcement agency may allow that access regardless of whether the person who is allowed that access is a party to or is otherwise involved in the proceedings in which the electronic records containing that information were created.

938.396(2m)(c)1r. 1r. The department of children and families, the department of corrections, or a county department shall keep any information made available to that department or county department under par. (b) 1. confidential and may use or allow access to that information only for the purpose of providing services under s. 48.06, 48.067, 48.069, 938.06, 938.067, or 938.069. That department or county department may allow that access regardless of whether the person who is allowed that access is a party to or is otherwise involved in the proceedings in which the electronic records containing that information were created.

938.396(2m)(c)2. 2. An individual who is allowed under subd. 1g., 1m., 1p., or 1r. to have access to any information made available under par. (b) 1. shall keep the information confidential and may use and further disclose the information only for the purpose described in subd. 1g., 1m., 1p., or 1r.

938.396(2m)(d) (d) Any person who intentionally uses or discloses information in violation of par. (c) may be required to forfeit not more than $5,000.

938.396(3) (3) Motor vehicle violation records. This section does not apply to proceedings for violations of chs. 340 to 349 and 351 or any county or municipal ordinance enacted under ch. 349, except that this section does apply to proceedings for violations of ss. 342.06 (2) and 344.48 (1), and ss. 30.67 (1) and 346.67 (1) when death or injury occurs.

938.396(4) (4) Operating privilege records. When a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 or a municipal court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2) revokes, suspends, or restricts a juvenile’s operating privilege under this chapter, the department of transportation may not disclose information concerning or relating to the revocation, suspension, or restriction to any person other than a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48, a municipal court exercising jurisdiction under s. 938.17 (2), a district attorney, county corporation counsel, or city, village, or town attorney, a law enforcement agency, a driver licensing agency of another jurisdiction, the juvenile whose operating privilege is revoked, suspended, or restricted, or the juvenile’s parent or guardian. Persons entitled to receive this information may not disclose the information to other persons or agencies.

938.396(10) (10) Sexually violent person commitment. A law enforcement agency’s records and records of the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and ch. 48 shall be open for inspection by authorized representatives of the department of corrections, the department of health services, the department of justice, or a district attorney for use in the prosecution of any proceeding or any evaluation conducted under ch. 980, if the records involve or relate to an individual who is the subject of the proceeding or evaluation. The court in which the proceeding under ch. 980 is pending may issue any protective orders that it determines are appropriate concerning information made available or disclosed under this subsection. Any representative of the department of corrections, the department of health services, the department of justice, or a district attorney may disclose information obtained under this subsection for any purpose consistent with any proceeding under ch. 980.

938.396 History History: 1995 a. 27 s. 9126 (19); 1995 a. 77, 352, 440, 448; 1997 a. 27, 35, 80, 95, 181, 205, 252, 258, 281; 1999 a. 9, 32, 89; 2001 a. 95; 2003 a. 82, 292; 2005 a. 344, 434; 2005 a. 443 s. 265; 2007 a. 20 ss. 3826 to 3827, 9121 (6) (a); 2007 a. 97; 2009 a. 302, 309, 338; 2011 a. 35, 165, 260, 270; 2013 a. 168 s. 21; 2013 a. 252; 2015 a. 55; Sup. Ct. Order No. 14-04, 2015 WI 89, 364 Wis. 2d xv; 2015 a. 144; 2017 a. 59; 2019 a. 95; s. 35.17 correction in (2g) (am).

938.396 Annotation The juvenile court must make a threshold relevancy determination by an in camera review when confronted with: 1) a discovery request under s. 48.293(2); 2) an inspection request of juvenile records under ss. 48.396 (2) and 938.396 (2); or 3) an inspection request of agency records under ss. 48.78 (2) (a) and 938.78(2) (a). The test for permissible discovery is whether the information sought appears reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence. Courtney F. v. Ramiro M.C., 2004 WI App 36, 269 Wis. 2d 709, 676 N.W.2d 545, 03-3018.

938.396 Annotation Applicable law allows electronic transmission of certain confidential case information among clerks of circuit court, county sheriff’s offices, and the Department of Justice through electronic interfaces involving the Department of Administration’s Office of Justice Assistance, specifically including electronic data messages about arrest warrants issued in juvenile cases that are confidential under sub. (2). OAG 2-10.

subch. IX of ch. 938 SUBCHAPTER IX

JURISDICTION OVER PERSONS 17 OR OLDER

938.44 938.44 Jurisdiction over persons 17 or older. The court has jurisdiction over persons 17 years of age or older as provided under ss. 938.355 (4), 938.357 (6), 938.365 (5), and 938.45 and as otherwise specified in this chapter.

938.44 History History: 1995 a. 77; 2005 a. 344; 2013 a. 334.

938.45 938.45 Orders applicable to adults.

938.45(1) (1) Orders when adult contributed to condition of juvenile.

938.45(1)(a) (a) If in the hearing of a case of a juvenile alleged to be delinquent under s. 938.12 or in need of protection or services under s. 938.13 it appears that any person 17 years of age or older has been guilty of contributing to, encouraging, or tending to cause by any act or omission, such condition of the juvenile, the court may make orders with respect to the conduct of that person in his or her relationship to the juvenile, including orders relating to determining the ability of the person to provide for the maintenance or care of the juvenile and directing when, how, and where funds for the maintenance or care shall be paid.

938.45(1)(b) (b) An act or failure to act contributes to a condition of a juvenile as described in s. 938.12 or 938.13, even if the juvenile is not found to come within the provisions of s. 938.12 or 938.13, if the natural and probable consequences of that act or failure to act would be to cause the juvenile to come within the provisions of s. 938.12 or 938.13.

938.45(1m) (1m) Orders imposing conditions on juvenile’s parent, guardian, or legal custodian.

938.45(1m)(a) (a) In a proceeding in which a juvenile has been adjudicated delinquent or has been found to be in need of protection or services under s. 938.13, the court may order the juvenile’s parent, guardian, or legal custodian to comply with any conditions determined by the court to be necessary for the juvenile’s welfare. An order may include participation in mental health treatment, anger management, individual or family counseling or parent training and education, and a requirement for a reasonable contribution, based on ability to pay, toward the cost of those services.

938.45(1m)(b) (b) A court may not order inpatient treatment under par. (a) for a juvenile’s parent, guardian or legal custodian. All inpatient treatment commitments or admissions must be conducted in accordance with ch. 51.

938.45(1r) (1r) Order for parent to pay restitution or forfeiture.

938.45(1r)(a) (a) In a proceeding in which a juvenile is found to have committed a delinquent act or a civil law or ordinance violation that has resulted in damage to the property of another, or in actual physical injury to another excluding pain and suffering, the court may order a parent who has custody, as defined in s. 895.035 (1), of the juvenile to make reasonable restitution for the damage or injury. Except for recovery for retail theft under s. 943.51, the maximum amount of any restitution ordered for damage or injury resulting from any one act of a juvenile or from the same act committed by 2 or more juveniles in the custody of the same parent may not exceed $5,000. The order shall include a finding that the parent is financially able to pay the amount ordered and may allow up to the date of expiration of the order for the payment. Any recovery under this paragraph shall be reduced by the amount recovered as restitution for the same act under s. 938.34 (5) or 938.343 (4).

938.45(1r)(b) (b) In a proceeding in which the court has determined under s. 938.34 (8) or 938.343 (2) that the imposition of a forfeiture would be in the best interest of the juvenile and in aid of rehabilitation, the court may order a parent who has custody, as defined in s. 895.035 (1), of the juvenile to pay the forfeiture. The amount of any forfeiture ordered may not exceed $5,000. The order shall include a finding that the parent is financially able to pay the amount ordered and shall allow up to 12 months after the date of the order for the payment. Any recovery under this paragraph shall be reduced by the amount recovered as a forfeiture for the same act under s. 938.34 (8) or 938.343 (2).

938.45(2) (2) Right to hearing on orders. No order under sub. (1) (a), (1m) (a), or (1r) (a) or (b) may be entered until the person who is the subject of the contemplated order is given an opportunity to be heard on the order. The court shall cause notice of the time, place, and purpose of the hearing to be served on the person personally at least 10 days before the date of hearing. The procedure in these cases shall, as far as practicable, be the same as in other cases in the court. At the hearing the person may be represented by counsel and may produce and cross-examine witnesses. A person who fails to comply with an order issued by a court under sub. (1) (a), (1m) (a), or (1r) (a) or (b) may be proceeded against for contempt of court. If the person’s conduct involves a crime, the person may be proceeded against under the criminal law.

938.45(3) (3) Prosecution of adult contributing to delinquency of juvenile. If it appears at a court hearing that any person 17 years of age or older has violated s. 948.40, the court shall refer the record to the district attorney. This subsection does not prohibit prosecution of violations of s. 948.40 without the prior reference by the court to the district attorney.

938.45 History History: 1995 a. 77; 1997 a. 35, 205; 2003 a. 138; 2005 a. 344.

938.45 Annotation The plain meaning of “person” in sub. (1) refers to natural persons. Consequently, a school district is not capable of contributing to the delinquency of a minor under this statute. Accordingly, the circuit court erred as a matter of law when it relied on this provision to obtain authority over a school district. Madison Metropolitan School District v. Circuit Court for Dane County, 2011 WI 72, 336 Wis. 2d 95, 800 N.W.2d 442, 09-2845.

938.45 Annotation Municipal courts have statutory authority to order parents of a juvenile to pay a forfeiture imposed on their child for violating a nontraffic municipal ordinance. OAG 4-00.

subch. X of ch. 938 SUBCHAPTER X

REHEARING AND APPEAL

938.46 938.46 New evidence. A juvenile whose status is adjudicated by the court under this chapter, or the juvenile’s parent, guardian or legal custodian, may at any time within one year after the entering of the court’s order petition the court for a rehearing on the ground that new evidence has been discovered affecting the advisability of the court’s original adjudication. Upon a showing that such evidence does exist, the court shall order a new hearing. This section does not apply to motions made under s. 974.07 (2).

938.46 History History: 1995 a. 77; 2001 a. 16.

938.47 938.47 Motion for postdisposition relief and appeal.

938.47(1) (1) Appeal by respondent. A motion for postdisposition relief from a final order or judgment by a person subject to this chapter shall be made in the time and manner provided in ss. 809.30 to 809.32. An appeal from a final order or judgment entered under this chapter or from an order denying a motion for postdisposition relief by a person subject to this chapter shall be taken in the time and manner provided in ss. 808.04 (3) and 809.30 to 809.32. The person shall file a motion for postdisposition relief in circuit court before a notice of appeal is filed unless the grounds for seeking relief are sufficiency of the evidence or issues previously raised.

938.47(2) (2) Appeal by state. An appeal by the state from a final judgment or order under this chapter may be taken to the court of appeals within the time specified in s. 808.04 (4) and in the manner provided for civil appeals under chs. 808 and 809.

938.47 History History: 2009 a. 26.

subch. XI of ch. 938 SUBCHAPTER XI

AUTHORITY

938.48 938.48 Authority of department of corrections. The department of corrections may do all of the following:

938.48(1) (1) Enforcement of laws. Promote the enforcement of the laws relating to delinquent juveniles and juveniles in need of protection or services and take the initiative in all matters involving the interests of those juveniles when adequate provision for those matters is not made. This duty shall be discharged in cooperation with the courts, the department of children and families, county departments, licensed child welfare agencies, parents, and other individuals interested in the welfare of juveniles.

938.48(3) (3) Supervision and special treatment or care. Accept supervision over juveniles transferred to it by the court under s. 938.183, 938.34 (4h), or 938.357 (3) or (4), and provide special treatment or care to juveniles when directed by the court. Except as provided in s. 938.505 (2), a court may not direct the department to administer psychotropic medications to juveniles who receive special treatment or care under this subsection.

938.48(4) (4) Care, training, and placement. Provide appropriate care and training for juveniles under its supervision under s. 938.183, 938.34 (4h), or 938.357 (3) or (4), including serving those juveniles in their own homes, placing them in licensed foster homes or licensed group homes under s. 48.63 or in independent living situations as provided in s. 938.34 (3) (e), contracting for their care by licensed child welfare agencies, or replacing them in juvenile correctional facilities or secured residential care centers for children and youth in accordance with rules promulgated under ch. 227, except that the department may not purchase the educational component of private day treatment programs for a juvenile in its custody unless the department, the school board, as defined in s. 115.001 (7), and the state superintendent of public instruction all determine that an appropriate public education program is not available for the juvenile. Disputes between the department and the school district shall be resolved by the state superintendent of public instruction.

938.48(4m) (4m) Continuing care and services for juveniles over 17. Continue to provide appropriate care, training and services to any person who meets all of the following qualifications: