Chapter 895

895.07(2)(b)5. 5. A proposal for inspection of the dwelling under par. (c).

895.07(2)(c) (c) If a proposal for inspection is made under par. (b), the claimant shall, within 15 working days of receiving the contractor’s proposal, provide the contractor and any supplier on whom a contribution claim has been made and its agents, experts, and consultants reasonable access to the dwelling to inspect the dwelling, document any alleged construction defects, and perform any testing required to evaluate fully the nature, extent, and cause of the claimed construction defects and the nature and extent of any repairs or replacements that may be necessary to remedy them. If destructive testing is required, the contractor shall deliver the claimant and all persons on whom a notice of claim or contribution claim has been served advance notice of the testing at least 5 working days before commencement of the testing and shall, after completion of the testing, return the dwelling to its pre-testing condition within a reasonable time after completion of the testing, at the contractor’s expense. If any inspection or testing reveals a condition that requires additional testing to allow the contractor to evaluate fully the nature, cause, and extent of the construction defect, the contractor shall deliver notice to the claimant and all persons on whom a notice of claim or contribution claim has been served of the need for the additional testing and the claimant shall provide reasonable access to the dwelling. If a claim is asserted on behalf of the owners of multiple dwellings, then the contractor shall be entitled to inspect each of the dwellings subject to the claim. The claimant shall either provide a specific day for the inspection upon reasonable notice for an inspection or require the contractor to request in writing a date for the inspection, at least 3 working days before the inspection.

895.07(2)(d) (d) Within 10 working days following completion of the inspection and testing under par. (c), the contractor shall serve on the claimant a notice that includes any of the offers or statements under par. (b) 1. to 4.

895.07(2)(e) (e) If the claimant rejects a settlement offer made by the contractor, the claimant shall, within 15 working days after receiving the offer, serve written notice of that rejection to the contractor. The notice shall include the reasons for the claimant’s rejection of the contractor’s offer. If the claimant believes that the settlement offer omits reference to any portion of the claim, or was unreasonable, the claimant’s written notice shall include those items that the claimant believes were omitted and set forth the reasons why the claimant believes the settlement offer is unreasonable. The contractor shall deliver the claimant’s response to a supplier upon whom a contribution claim has been made.

895.07(2)(f) (f) Upon receipt of a claimant’s rejection and the reasons for the rejection, the contractor shall, within 5 working days after receiving the rejection, serve the claimant a written supplemental offer to repair or to remedy the construction defect or serve on the claimant written notice that no additional offer will be made.

895.07(2)(g) (g) If the claimant rejects the supplemental offer made by the contractor under par. (f) to remedy the construction defect or to settle the claim by monetary payment or a combination of each, the claimant shall serve written notice of the claimant’s rejection on the contractor within 15 working days after receipt of the supplemental offer. The notice shall include the reasons for the claimant’s rejection of the contractor’s supplemental settlement offer. If the claimant believes the contractor’s supplemental settlement offer is unreasonable, the claimant shall set forth the reasons why the claimant believes the supplemental settlement offer is unreasonable. If the contractor declines to make a supplemental offer, or if the claimant rejects the supplemental offer, the claimant may bring an action against the contractor for the claim described in the notice of claim without further notice.

895.07(2)(h) (h) If a claimant accepts any offer made under this subsection, and the contractor or supplier does not proceed to repair or remedy the construction defect under the terms of the offer or within the agreed upon timetable, the claimant may bring an action against the contractor or supplier for the claim described in the notice of claim without further notice.

895.07(2)(i) (i) If a claimant accepts a contractor’s offer to repair a construction defect described in a notice of claim, the claimant shall provide the contractor and its agents, experts, and consultants reasonable access to the dwelling to perform and complete the construction by the timetable stated in the settlement offer.

895.07(2)(j) (j) If a claimant receives a written statement that the contractor rejects the claim, or if the contractor does not respond to the claimant’s notice, the claimant may bring an action against the contractor for the claim described in the notice of claim without further notice.

895.07(2)(k) (k) If a claimant commences an action against a supplier and the supplier has not been provided notice of the claim by the contractor and an opportunity to repair or remedy the construction defect described in the claim as provided under to sub. (7), the court or arbitrator shall dismiss without prejudice or stay the action until the claimant serves the supplier with a copy of the notice of claim and provides the supplier an opportunity to repair or remedy the construction defect in the same manner as provided a contractor under this section.

895.07(3) (3) Action; dismissal without prejudice. If the claimant commences an action but fails to comply with the requirements of sub. (2) (a) and the contractor or supplier establishes that the claimant was provided the notice and brochure under s. 101.148 (2), the circuit court or arbitrator shall dismiss the action without prejudice. If the claimant commences an action but fails to comply with the requirements of sub. (2) (a) and the contractor or supplier cannot establish that the notice and brochure was delivered to the claimant under s. 101.148 (2), the circuit court or arbitrator shall stay the action and order the parties to comply with the requirements of sub. (2) (a) and s. 101.148 (2). Before commencing an action against a supplier seeking contribution for a claim that a claimant has served on a contractor, the contractor shall serve the supplier with a notice of contribution claim under sub. (7). If the contractor commences an action against a supplier but fails to serve the notice of contribution claim, the circuit court or arbitrator shall stay the action until the contractor has complied with the requirements of this subsection and sub. (7).

895.07(4) (4) Warranty terms. The claimant and contractor or supplier are bound by any contractor or supplier warranty terms pertaining to products or services supplied for the dwelling.

895.07(5) (5) Additional construction defects and notice and opportunity to repair. A construction defect that is discovered after an initial claim or contribution claim notice has been provided may not be alleged in an action until the claimant or contractor has served the contractor or supplier written notice of the new claim or contribution claim regarding the alleged new construction defect. The contractor or supplier shall have an opportunity to resolve the notice of the new claim or contribution claim in the manner provided in subs. (2) and (7).

895.07(6) (6) Action of contractor or supplier. In any action initiated by a contractor or supplier in which a claimant raises an affirmative defense or counterclaim alleging a construction defect, the claimant is not required to comply with this section.

895.07(7) (7) Contribution.

895.07(7)(a) (a) Before commencing an action seeking contribution from a supplier for a claim that a claimant makes against the contractor, the contractor shall serve the supplier with a written notice of the claimant’s claim and a contribution claim within 5 working days after the contractor’s receipt of the claim, except that a contractor may make a contribution claim later than 5 days after the contractor’s receipt of the initial claim if the contractor has not done any of the following:

895.07(7)(a)1. 1. Taken any action to repair the defect.

895.07(7)(a)2. 2. Performed destructive testing.

895.07(7)(a)3. 3. Authorized the claimant to take any action to repair the defect.

895.07(7)(a)4. 4. Interfered materially with or altered the property that is the subject of the claim.

895.07(7)(a)5. 5. Materially precluded a supplier’s ability to offer to remedy the defect by making repairs.

895.07(7)(b) (b) Before commencing an action against a supplier, a contractor shall provide the supplier with the opportunity to respond to the contribution claim and repair the alleged construction defect under this section. The notice of contribution claim shall state that the contractor asserts a construction defect claim. The notice of contribution claim shall describe the contribution claim in sufficient detail to explain the nature of the alleged construction defect and shall offer the opportunity to correct the construction defect. The contractor shall include in the notice of claim a description of the alleged construction defect and include a comprehensive description of all evidence that the contractor knows or possesses, including expert reports, that substantiates the nature and cause of the alleged construction defect.

895.07(7)(c) (c) Within 15 working days after a supplier has received notice that a contractor is seeking contribution under par. (a), the supplier shall serve the contractor with any of the following:

895.07(7)(c)1. 1. A written offer to remedy fully or partially the construction defect at no cost to the claimant. The offer shall include a description of any additional construction necessary to remedy the construction defect and a timetable for the completion of the construction.

895.07(7)(c)2. 2. A written offer to settle the claim by monetary payment.

895.07(7)(c)3. 3. A written offer including a combination of repairs and monetary payment.

895.07(7)(c)4. 4. A written statement that the supplier rejects the claim. The supplier shall state in the written response to the claim the reason for rejecting the claim and include a comprehensive description of all evidence the supplier knows or possesses, including expert reports, that substantiates the reason for rejecting the claim.

895.07(7)(c)5. 5. A proposal for the inspection of the dwelling, following the procedures under par. (e).

895.07(7)(d) (d) The contractor shall forward the supplier’s response to the claimant. The supplier and contractor shall use their best efforts to coordinate their responses to claims and contribution claims.

895.07(7)(e) (e) If a supplier proposes to inspect the dwelling that is the subject of the contribution claim, the contractor and claimant shall, within 15 working days after receiving the supplier’s proposal, provide the supplier and its agents, experts, and consultants reasonable access to the dwelling to inspect the dwelling, document any alleged construction defects, and perform any testing required to evaluate fully the nature, extent, and cause of the claimed construction defects and the nature and extent of any repairs or replacements that may be necessary to remedy them. If destructive testing is required, the supplier shall give the contractor and claimant and all persons on whom a notice of claim or contribution claim has been served advance notice of the testing at least 5 working days before commencement of the testing and shall, after completion of the testing, return the dwelling to its pre-testing condition within a reasonable time after completion of the testing, at the supplier’s expense. If any inspection or testing reveals a condition that requires additional testing to allow the supplier to evaluate fully the nature, cause, and extent of the construction defect, the supplier shall provide notice to the contractor and claimant and all persons on whom a notice of claim or contribution claim has been served of the need for the additional testing and the contractor and claimant shall provide reasonable access to the dwelling. If a claim is asserted on behalf of the contractor of multiple dwellings, then the supplier shall be entitled to inspect each of the dwellings. The contractor and claimant shall provide a specific day for the inspection upon reasonable notice for an inspection or require the supplier to request in writing a date for the inspection, at least 3 working days before the inspection.

895.07(7)(f) (f) Within 10 working days following completion of the inspection and testing under par. (e), the supplier shall serve on the contractor a notice that includes any of the offers or statements under par. (c) 1. to 4.

895.07(7)(g) (g) If the contractor rejects a settlement offer made by the supplier, the contractor shall, within 15 working days after receiving the offer, send written notice of that rejection to the supplier. The notice shall include the reasons for the contractor’s rejection of the supplier’s offer. If the contractor believes that the settlement offer omits reference to any portion of the claim, or was unreasonable, the contractor’s written notice shall include those items that the contractor believes were omitted and set forth the reasons why the contractor believes the settlement offer is unreasonable.

895.07(7)(h) (h) Upon receipt of a contractor’s rejection and the reasons for the rejection, the supplier shall, within 5 working days of receiving the rejection, make a supplemental offer of repair or monetary payment to the contractor or serve on the contractor written notice that no additional offer will be made.

895.07(7)(i) (i) If the contractor rejects the supplemental offer made by the supplier to remedy the construction defect or to settle the claim by monetary payment or a combination of each, the contractor shall, within 15 working days after receiving the offer, serve written notice of the contractor’s rejection on the supplier. The notice shall include the reasons for the contractor’s rejection of the supplier’s supplemental settlement offer. If the contractor believes the supplier’s supplemental settlement offer is unreasonable, the contractor shall set forth the reasons why the contractor believes the supplemental settlement offer is unreasonable. If the supplier declines to make a supplemental offer, or if the contractor rejects the supplemental offer, the contractor may bring an action against the supplier for the claim described in the notice of claim without further notice.

895.07(7)(j) (j) If a contractor accepts any offer made under this subsection, and the supplier does not proceed to make the monetary payment or remedy the construction defect within the agreed upon timetable, the contractor may bring an action against the supplier for the claim described in the notice of claim without further notice. The contractor may also file the supplier’s offer and contractor’s acceptance in the circuit court action, and the offer and acceptance create a rebuttable presumption that a binding and valid settlement agreement has been created and should be enforced by the court.

895.07(7)(k) (k) If a contractor accepts a supplier’s offer to repair a construction defect described in a notice of claim, the contractor, when appropriate, and the claimant shall provide the supplier and its agents, experts, and consultants reasonable access to the dwelling to perform and complete the construction by the timetable stated in the settlement offer.

895.07(7)(L) (L) If a contractor receives a written statement that the supplier rejects the claim, or if the supplier does not respond to the contractor’s notice, the contractor may bring an action against the supplier for the claim described in the notice of claim without further notice.

895.07(7)(m) (m) A contractor who is seeking contribution from a supplier and who elects to inspect a dwelling under sub. (2) (b) shall serve the supplier written notice of the inspection date and dwelling address, and whether destructive testing is contemplated, at least 5 working days before the inspection.

895.07(8) (8) Failure to respond to notice. If a person fails to timely respond to any notice served in a manner required under this section, then any offer made in that notice is rejected.

895.07(9) (9) Limitation period. If, during the pendency of the notice, inspection, offer, acceptance, or repair process, an applicable limitation period would otherwise expire, the limitation period is tolled pending completion of the notice of claim process described in this section. This subsection shall not be construed to revive a limitation period that has expired before the date on which a claimant’s written notice of claim is served or extend any applicable statute of repose.

895.07(10) (10) Alteration of procedure. After service of the initial notice of claim and initial contribution claim, a claimant, a contractor, and a supplier may, by written mutual agreement, alter the procedure for the notice of claim process described in this section.

895.07(11) (11) Application to others. This section does not apply to a contractor’s or supplier’s right to seek contribution, indemnity, or recovery against any party other than a supplier for a claim made against a contractor or supplier.

895.07(12) (12) Homeowner repairs. Without giving notice under this section, a homeowner may make immediate repairs to a dwelling to protect the health or safety of its occupants.

895.07(13) (13) Brochure. The department of safety and professional services shall prepare a brochure explaining the process under this section and shall provide that brochure to contractors.

895.07 History History: 2005 a. 201; 2007 a. 97; 2011 a. 32.

895.07 Annotation Sub. (9) provides that it shall not be construed to extend any applicable statute of repose. Thus, although the statute of repose in this case had not yet expired when the plaintiffs gave the written notice required by sub. (2), the notice did not extend the statute of repose. Wascher v. ABC Insurance Co., 2022 WI App 10, 401 Wis. 2d 94, 972 N.W.2d 162, 20-1961.

895.08 895.08 Sport shooting ranges; actions related to safety.

895.08(1) (1) Definitions. In this section:

895.08(1)(a) (a) “Clear and immediate public safety hazard” means an unsafe condition that originates from, or is at, a sport shooting range and that could reasonably be expected to cause death or serious injury to an individual.

895.08(1)(b) (b) “Local unit of government” means the governing body of a county, city, town, village, or the elected tribal governing body of a federally recognized American Indian tribe or band in this state.

895.08(1)(c) (c) “Sport shooting range” has the meaning given in s. 895.527 (1).

895.08(2) (2) Temporary closure.

895.08(2)(a) (a) Except as provided in par. (b), no law enforcement officer or court may require the owner or operator of a sport shooting range to cease or suspend any portion of its operation, the use of a particular firearm type at the sport shooting range, or the conduct of a particular activity at the sport shooting range because of an alleged or actual unsafe condition at, or originating from, the sport shooting range.

895.08(2)(b) (b)

895.08(2)(b)1. 1. A court may, upon petition by a law enforcement officer, temporarily order the owner or operator of a sport shooting range to cease or suspend a portion of its operation, the use of a particular firearm type at the sport shooting range, or the conduct of a particular activity at the sport shooting range if it finds that there is probable cause to believe that the portion of the operation, the use of a particular firearm type at the sport shooting range, or the conduct of a particular activity at the sport shooting range constitutes a clear and immediate public safety hazard.

895.08(2)(b)2. 2. A court may, upon petition by a local unit of government or an individual, temporarily order the owner or operator of a sport shooting range to cease or suspend a portion of its operation, the use of a particular firearm type at the sport shooting range, or the conduct of a particular activity at the sport shooting range if the court finds, upon a preponderance of the evidence presented, that the portion of the sport shooting range’s operation, the use of a particular firearm type at the sport shooting range, or the conduct of a particular activity at the sport shooting range constitutes a clear and immediate public safety hazard.

895.08(2)(b)3. 3. There is a rebuttable presumption that no portion of a sport shooting range’s operation, use of a particular firearm type at the sport shooting range, or conduct of a particular activity at the sport shooting range constitutes a clear and immediate public safety hazard.

895.08(3) (3) Continuing operations.

895.08(3)(a) (a) An owner or operator of a sport shooting range who has been ordered by a court under sub. (2) to temporarily cease or suspend a portion of its operation, the use of a particular firearm type at the sport shooting range, or the conduct of a particular activity at the sport shooting range may arrange for an evaluation of the sport shooting range by an entity designated by the department of natural resources under s. 23.43 as qualified to evaluate the sport shooting range. The evaluation shall identify any deficiencies in public safety measures employed at the range as compared to general safe range design and operation practices and provide recommendations to rectify any deficiencies that exist. The entity’s report on the findings of the evaluation shall be submitted to the court upon completion of the evaluation.

895.08(3)(b) (b) After receiving a report under par. (a) that states that no deficiencies in public safety measures employed at the range as compared to general safe range design and operation practices exist, the court shall rescind the order issued under sub. (2) and dismiss the proceedings.

895.08(3)(c) (c) After receiving a report under par. (a) that identifies any deficiency in public safety measures employed at the range as compared to general safe range design and operation practices that poses a clear and immediate public safety hazard, the court shall allow the range owner or operator to provide proof that such deficiencies have been remedied. If the range owner or operator provides proof that the deficiencies have been remedied, the court shall rescind the order issued under sub. (2) and dismiss the proceedings.

895.08(3)(d) (d) After receiving a report under par. (a) that identifies any deficiency in public safety measures employed at the range as compared to general safe range design and operation practices that poses a clear and immediate public safety hazard and that cannot be remedied in the range’s location, the court may order permanent cessation of a portion of the sport shooting range operation, use of a particular firearm type at the sport shooting range, or the conduct of a particular activity at the sport shooting range to which the deficiency applies.

895.08(3)(e) (e) If a court dismisses a petition on the grounds that the petitioner failed to demonstrate that a portion of a sport shooting range’s operation constitutes a clear and immediate public safety hazard, or if the court rescinds an order issued under sub. (2) on the grounds that a report filed under par. (a) finds no deficiencies in public safety measures employed at the range as compared to general safe range design and operation practices that constitute a clear and immediate public safety hazard, the court may order the petitioner to pay the defending party’s costs of litigation, including reasonable attorneys fees and consultant fees.

895.08 History History: 2017 a. 179.

895.09 895.09 Scrap metal or plastic bulk merchandise container theft; civil liability.

895.09(1) (1) Any owner of nonferrous scrap, a metal article, or a proprietary article, as those terms are defined in s. 134.405 (1), who incurs injury or loss as a result of a violation of s. 134.405 or s. 943.20 may bring a civil action against the person who committed the violation.

895.09(2) (2) If the person who incurs the loss prevails against a person who committed the violation, the court shall grant the prevailing party all of the following:

895.09(2)(a) (a) Actual damages.

895.09(2)(b) (b) Any lost profits that are attributable to the violation and that were not taken into account in determining the amount of actual damages under par. (a).

895.09(2)(c) (c) Notwithstanding the limitations under s. 799.25 or 814.04, costs, disbursements, and reasonable attorney fees.

895.09(3) (3) If the court finds that the violation was committed for the purpose of commercial advantage, the court may award punitive damages to the person who incurs the loss.

895.09(4) (4) Any awards provided under sub. (2) (a) or (b) shall be reduced by the amount of any restitution collected for the same act under s. 800.093 or 973.20.

895.09(5) (5) The person who incurs the loss has the burden of proving by the preponderance of the evidence that a violation of s. 134.405 or 943.20 occurred.

895.09 History History: 2007 a. 64; 2011 a. 194.

895.10 895.10 Tort actions in residential real estate transactions.

895.10(1) (1) In this section, “residential real estate transaction” means a real estate transfer to which s. 709.01 (1) applies.

895.10(2) (2) In addition to any other remedies available under law, a transferee in a residential real estate transaction may maintain an action in tort against the real estate transferor for fraud committed, or an intentional misrepresentation made, by the transferor in the residential real estate transaction.

895.10 History History: 2009 a. 4.

895.14 895.14 Tenders of money and property.

895.14(1) (1) Tender may be pleaded. The payment or tender of payment of the whole sum due on any contract for the payment of money, although made after the money has become due and payable, may be pleaded to an action subsequently brought in like manner and with the like effect as if such tender or payment had been made at the time prescribed in the contract.

895.14(2) (2) Tender after action commenced. A tender may be made after an action is brought on the contract of the whole sum then due, plus legal costs of suit incurred up to the time, at any time before the action is called for trial. The tender may be made to the plaintiff or attorney, and if not accepted the defendant may plead the same by answer or supplemental answer, in like manner as if it had been made before the commencement of the action, bringing into court the money so tendered for costs as well as for debt or damages.

895.14(3) (3) Proceedings on acceptance of tender. If the tender is accepted the plaintiff or attorney shall, at the request of the defendant, sign a stipulation of discontinuance of the action for that reason and shall deliver it to the defendant; and also a certificate or notice thereof to the officer who has any process against the defendant, if requested. If costs are incurred for any service made by the officer after the tender is accepted and before the officer receives notice of the acceptance, the defendant shall pay the costs to the officer or the tender is invalid.

895.14(4) (4) Involuntary trespass. A tender may be made in all cases of involuntary trespass before action is commenced. When in the opinion of the court or jury a sufficient amount was tendered to the party injured, agent or attorney for the trespass complained of, judgment shall be entered against the plaintiff for costs if the defendant kept the tender good by paying the money into court at the trial for the use of the plaintiff.

895.14(5) (5) Payment into court of tender; record of deposits.

895.14(5)(a) (a) When tender of payment in full is made and pleaded, the defendant shall pay the tender in full into court before the trial of the action is commenced and notify the opposite party in writing, or be deprived of all benefit of the tender. When the sum tendered and paid into court is sufficient, the defendant shall recover the taxable costs of the action, if the tender was prior to the commencement of the action. The defendant shall recover taxable costs from the time of the tender, if the tender was after suit commenced.

895.14(5)(b) (b) When any party, pursuant to an order or to law, deposits any money or property with the clerk of court, the clerk shall record the deposit in the minute record describing the money or property and stating the date of the deposit, by whom made, under what order or for what purpose and shall deliver a certificate of these facts to the depositor, with the volume and page of the record endorsed on the certificate.

895.14 History History: 1981 c. 67; 1983 a. 192 ss. 274 to 279; 1983 a. 302 s. 8; Stats. 1983 s. 895.14.

895.28 895.28 Remedies not merged. When the violation of a right admits of both a civil and criminal remedy the right to prosecute the one is not merged in the other.

895.33 895.33 Limitation of surety’s liability. Any person may limit the amount of liability as a surety upon any bond or other obligation required by law or ordered by any court, judge, municipal judge or public official for any purpose. The amount of the limited liability may be recited in the body of the bond or stated in the justification of the surety. In an action brought upon the bond, no judgment may be recovered against the surety for a sum larger than the amount of the liability stated, together with the proportional share of the costs of the action. In an action brought on the bond, a surety may deposit in court the amount of the liability, whereupon the surety shall be discharged and released from any further liability under the bond.