Chapter 71

71.07(4k)(b)5.b. b. For purposes of subd. 5. a., “qualified research expenses” means qualified research expenses as defined in section 41 of the Internal Revenue Code, except that “qualified research expenses” includes only expenses incurred by the individual, partnership, tax-option corporation, or limited liability company for research related to designing internal combustion engines for vehicles, including expenses related to designing vehicles that are powered by such engines and improving production processes for such engines and vehicles, incurred for research conducted in this state for the taxable year and does not include compensation used in computing the credit under sub. (2dx). Section 41 (f) (1), (2), (5), and (6) and (h) of the Internal Revenue Code does not apply to the credit under this subdivision.

71.07(4k)(b)6. 6.

71.07(4k)(b)6.a. a. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2014, an individual, a partner of a partnership, a shareholder of a tax-option corporation, or a member of a limited liability company may claim a credit against the tax imposed under s. 71.02, as allocated under par. (d), an amount equal to 11.5 percent of the amount by which the individual’s, partnership’s, tax-option corporation’s, or limited liability company’s qualified research expenses for the taxable year exceed 50 percent of the average qualified research expenses for the 3 taxable years immediately preceding the taxable year for which the claimant claims the credit. If the individual, partnership, tax-option corporation, or limited liability company had no qualified research expenses in any of the 3 taxable years immediately preceding the taxable year for which the claimant claims the credit, the claimant may claim an amount equal to 5.75 percent of the individual’s, partnership’s, tax-option corporation’s, or limited liability company’s qualified research expenses for the taxable year for which the claimant claims the credit.

71.07(4k)(b)6.b. b. For purposes of subd. 6. a., “qualified research expenses” means qualified research expenses as defined in section 41 of the Internal Revenue Code, except that “qualified research expenses” includes only expenses incurred by the individual, partnership, tax-option corporation, or limited liability company for research related to the design and manufacturing of energy efficient lighting systems, building automation and control systems, or automotive batteries for use in hybrid-electric vehicles, that reduce the demand for natural gas or electricity or improve the efficiency of its use, incurred for research conducted in this state for the taxable year and does not include compensation used in computing the credit under sub. (2dx). Section 41 (f) (1), (2), (5), and (6) and (h) of the Internal Revenue Code does not apply to the credit under this subdivision.

71.07(4k)(c) (c) Computation. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2015, if in any taxable year a person claims a credit under par. (b) 1., 2., or 3., or any combination of those credits, the person may use a different computation method to calculate each of the credits and may choose to change the computation method once for each credit without the department’s approval.

71.07(4k)(d) (d) Limitations. Partnerships, tax-option corporations, and limited liability companies may not claim a credit under this subsection, but the eligibility for, and the amount of, the credit are based on their payment of amounts under par. (b). A partnership, tax-option corporation, or limited liability company shall compute the amount of the credit that each of its partners, shareholders, or members may claim and shall provide that information to each of them. Partners of a partnership, shareholders of tax-option corporations, and members of limited liability companies may claim the credit in proportion to their ownership interest.

71.07(4k)(e) (e) Administration.

71.07(4k)(e)1. 1. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018, s. 71.28 (4) (b) to (h), as it applies to the credit under s. 71.28 (4), applies to the credits under this subsection.

71.07(4k)(e)2. 2. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, s. 71.28 (4) (b) to (e), (g), and (h), as it applies to the credit under s. 71.28 (4), applies to the credits under this subsection. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, if the allowable amount of the claim under par. (b) 4., 5., or 6. exceeds the tax otherwise due under s. 71.02 or 71.08, all of the following apply:

71.07(4k)(e)2.a. a. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2021, the amount of the claim not used to offset the tax due, not to exceed 10 percent of the allowable amount of the claim under par. (b) 4., 5., or 6., shall be certified by the department of revenue to the department of administration for payment by check, share draft, or other draft drawn from the appropriation account under s. 20.835 (2) (d). For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020 and before January 1, 2024, the amount of the claim not used to offset the tax due, up to 15 percent of the allowable amount of the claim under par. (b) 4., 5., or 6., shall be certified by the department of revenue to the department of administration for payment by check, share draft, or other draft drawn from the appropriation account under s. 20.835 (2) (d).

71.07(4k)(e)2.ad. ad. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2023, the amount of the claim not used to offset the tax due, not to exceed 25 percent of the allowable amount of the claim under par. (b) 4., 5., or 6., shall be certified by the department of revenue to the department of administration for payment by check, share draft, or other draft drawn from the appropriation account under s. 20.835 (2) (d).

71.07(4k)(e)2.b. b. The amount of the claim not used to offset the tax due and not certified for payment under subd. 2. a. or 2. ad. may be carried forward and credited against Wisconsin income taxes otherwise due for the following 15 taxable years to the extent not offset by these taxes otherwise due in all intervening years between the year in which the expense was incurred and the year in which the carry-forward credit is claimed.

71.07(4n) (4n) Research facilities credit.

71.07(4n)(a) (a) Definitions. In this subsection:

71.07(4n)(a)1. 1. “Frame” includes:

71.07(4n)(a)1.a. a. Every part of a motorcycle, except the tires.

71.07(4n)(a)1.b. b. In the case of a truck, the control system and the fuel and drive train, excluding any comfort features located in the cab or the tires.

71.07(4n)(a)1.c. c. In the case of a generator, the control modules, fuel train, fuel scrubbing process, fuel mixers, generator, heat exchangers, exhaust train, and similar components.

71.07(4n)(a)2. 2. “Internal combustion engine” includes substitute products such as fuel cell, electric, and hybrid drives.

71.07(4n)(a)3. 3. “Vehicle” means any vehicle or frame, including parts, accessories, and component technologies, in which or on which an engine is mounted for use in mobile or stationary applications. “Vehicle” includes any truck, tractor, motorcycle, snowmobile, all-terrain vehicle, boat, personal watercraft, generator, construction equipment, lawn and garden maintenance equipment, automobile, van, sports utility vehicle, motor home, bus, or aircraft.

71.07(4n)(b) (b) Credit.

71.07(4n)(b)1. 1. Subject to the limitations provided in this subsection, and except as provided in subds. 2. and 3., for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, and before January 1, 2014, an individual, a partner of a partnership, a shareholder of a tax-option corporation, or a member of a limited liability company may claim a credit against the tax imposed under s. 71.02, as allocated under par. (c), an amount equal to 5 percent of the amount paid or incurred by the individual, partnership, tax-option corporation, or limited liability company during the taxable year to construct and equip new facilities or expand existing facilities used in this state for qualified research, as defined in section 41 of the Internal Revenue Code. Eligible amounts include only amounts paid or incurred for tangible, depreciable property but do not include amounts paid or incurred for replacement property.

71.07(4n)(b)2. 2. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, and before January 1, 2014, an individual, a partner of a partnership, a shareholder of a tax-option corporation, or a member of a limited liability company may claim a credit against the tax imposed under s. 71.02, as allocated under par. (c), an amount equal to 10 percent of the amount paid or incurred by the individual, partnership, tax-option corporation, or limited liability company during the taxable year to construct and equip new facilities or expand existing facilities used in this state for qualified research, as defined in section 41 of the Internal Revenue Code, except that “qualified research expenses” includes only expenses paid or incurred by the individual, partnership, tax-option corporation, or limited liability company for research related to designing internal combustion engines for vehicles, including expenses related to designing vehicles that are powered by such engines and improving production processes for such engines and vehicles. Eligible amounts include only amounts paid or incurred for tangible, depreciable property but do not include amounts paid or incurred for replacement property.

71.07(4n)(b)3. 3. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, and before January 1, 2014, an individual, a partner of a partnership, a shareholder of a tax-option corporation, or a member of a limited liability company may claim a credit against the tax imposed under s. 71.02, as allocated under par. (c), an amount equal to 10 percent of the amount paid or incurred by the individual, partnership, tax-option corporation, or limited liability company during the taxable year to construct and equip new facilities or expand existing facilities used in this state for qualified research, as defined in section 41 of the Internal Revenue Code, except that “qualified research expenses” includes only expenses paid or incurred by the individual, partnership, tax-option corporation, or limited liability company for research related to the design and manufacturing of energy efficient lighting systems, building automation and control systems, or automotive batteries for use in hybrid-electric vehicles, that reduce the demand for natural gas or electricity or improve the efficiency of its use. Eligible amounts include only amounts paid or incurred for tangible, depreciable property but do not include amounts paid or incurred for replacement property.

71.07(4n)(c) (c) Limitations. Partnerships, tax-option corporations, and limited liability companies may not claim a credit under this subsection, but the eligibility for, and the amount of, the credit are based on their payment of amounts under par. (b). A partnership, tax-option corporation, or limited liability company shall compute the amount of the credit that each of its partners, shareholders, or members may claim and shall provide that information to each of them. Partners of a partnership, shareholders of tax-option corporations, and members of limited liability companies may claim the credit in proportion to their ownership interest.

71.07(4n)(d) (d) Administration. Section 71.28 (4) (b) to (h), as it applies to the credit under s. 71.28 (4), applies to the credits under this subsection.

71.07(4n)(e) (e) Sunset. No credit may be claimed under this subsection for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013. Credits under this subsection for taxable years that begin before January 1, 2014, may be carried forward to taxable years that begin after December 31, 2013.

71.07(5) (5) Itemized deductions credit. Single persons, married persons filing separately and married persons filing jointly may claim as a credit against, but not to exceed the amount of, Wisconsin net income taxes due an amount calculated as follows:

71.07(5)(a) (a) Add the amounts allowed as itemized deductions under the internal revenue code except:

71.07(5)(a)1. 1. Interest paid to purchase or hold securities issued by the federal government or by any of its instrumentalities the interest on which is exempt from taxation under s. 71.05 (6) (b) 1.

71.07(5)(a)2. 2. Taxes under section 164 or 216 (a) (1) of the internal revenue code.

71.07(5)(a)3. 3. Casualty and theft deductions under section 165 (c) (3) of the internal revenue code, except for casualty losses that are directly related to a presidentially declared disaster under 26 USC 7508A.

71.07(5)(a)4. 4. Expenses to move from this state under section 217 of the internal revenue code.

71.07(5)(a)5. 5. Interest incurred to purchase or refinance a residence that is not a principal residence and is not in this state, and interest incurred to purchase or refinance a residence that is a boat.

71.07(5)(a)6. 6. The amount claimed for repayment of income previously taxed under this chapter if that amount is used in calculating the credit under sub. (1).

71.07(5)(a)7. 7. Miscellaneous itemized deductions under the Internal Revenue Code, without regard to whether such deductions are subject to the 2 percent floor as described in section 67 of the Internal Revenue Code.

71.07(5)(a)8. 8. Any employment-related educational expense that is claimed as an itemized deduction under the Internal Revenue Code to the extent that such an amount is also claimed as a subtract modification under s. 71.05 (6) (b) 28.

71.07(5)(a)9. 9. The amount claimed as a deduction for unreimbursed medical expenses under section 213 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code to the extent that the funds used to pay for the unreimbursed expenses for which the deduction was claimed were withdrawn from an ABLE account described under section 529A (b) (1) of the Internal Revenue Code.

71.07(5)(a)15. 15. The amount claimed as a deduction for medical care insurance under section 213 of the Internal Revenue Code that is exempt from taxation under s. 71.05 (6) (b) 19., 35., 38., and 42. and the amount claimed as a deduction for a long-term care insurance policy under section 213 (d) (1) (D) of the Internal Revenue Code, as defined in section 7702B (b) of the Internal Revenue Code that is exempt from taxation under s. 71.05 (6) (b) 26.

71.07(5)(b) (b) Subtract the standard deduction under s. 71.05 (22), notwithstanding the limitation by such fraction of that amount as Wisconsin adjusted gross income is of federal adjusted gross income described in s. 71.05 (22) (g) and (h), from the amount under par. (a).

71.07(5)(c) (c) Multiply the amount under par. (b) by .05.

71.07(5)(d) (d) With respect to persons who change their domicile into or from this state during the taxable year and nonresident persons, the credit under this subsection shall be limited to the fraction of the amount so determined that Wisconsin adjusted gross income is of federal adjusted gross income. In this paragraph, for married persons filing separately “adjusted gross income” means the separate adjusted gross income of each spouse and for married persons filing jointly “adjusted gross income” means the total adjusted gross income of both spouses. If a person and that person’s spouse are not both domiciled in this state during the entire taxable year, their credit under this subsection on a joint return shall be limited to the fraction of the amount so determined that their joint Wisconsin adjusted gross income is of their joint federal adjusted gross income.

71.07(5b) (5b) Early stage seed investment credit.

71.07(5b)(a) (a) Definitions. In this subsection:

71.07(5b)(a)1. 1. “Claimant” means a person who files a claim under this subsection.

71.07(5b)(a)2. 2. “Fund manager” means an investment fund manager certified under s. 238.15 (2) or s. 560.205 (2), 2009 stats.

71.07(5b)(b) (b) Filing claims.

71.07(5b)(b)1. 1. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004, subject to the limitations provided under this subsection and s. 238.15 or s. 560.205, 2009 stats., and except as provided in subd. 2., a claimant may claim as a credit against the tax imposed under s. 71.02, up to the amount of those taxes, 25 percent of the claimant’s investment paid to a fund manager that the fund manager invests in a business certified under s. 238.15 (1) or s. 560.205 (1), 2009 stats.

71.07(5b)(b)2. 2. In the case of a partnership, limited liability company, or tax-option corporation, the computation of the 25 percent limitation under subd. 1. shall be determined at the entity level rather than the claimant level and may be allocated among the claimants who make investments in the manner set forth in the entity’s organizational documents. The entity shall provide to the department of revenue and to the department of commerce or the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation the names and tax identification numbers of the claimants, the amounts of the credits allocated to the claimants, and the computation of the allocations.

71.07(5b)(c) (c) Limitations. Partnerships, limited liability companies, and tax-option corporations may not claim the credit under this subsection, but the eligibility for, and the amount of, the credit are based on their payment of amounts under par. (b). A partnership, limited liability company, or tax-option corporation shall compute the amount of credit that each of its partners, members, or shareholders may claim and shall provide that information to each of them. Partners, members of limited liability companies, and shareholders of tax-option corporations may claim the credit in proportion to their ownership interest or as specially allocated in their organizational documents.

71.07(5b)(d) (d) Administration.

71.07(5b)(d)1. 1. Section 71.28 (4) (e) to (h), as it applies to the credit under s. 71.28 (4), applies to the credit under this subsection.

71.07(5b)(d)2. 2. The Wisconsin adjusted basis of any investment for which a credit is claimed under par. (b) shall be reduced by the amount of the credit that is offset against Wisconsin income taxes. The Wisconsin basis of a partner’s interest in a partnership, a member’s interest in a limited liability company, or stock in a tax-option corporation shall be adjusted to reflect adjustments made under this subdivision.

71.07(5b)(d)3. 3. Except as provided under s. 238.15 (3) (d), for investments made after December 31, 2007, if an investment for which a claimant claims a credit under par. (b) is held by the claimant for less than 3 years, the claimant shall pay to the department, in the manner prescribed by the department, the amount of the credit that the claimant received related to the investment.

71.07(5d) (5d) Angel investment credit.

71.07(5d)(a) (a) Definitions. In this subsection:

71.07(5d)(a)1. 1. “Bona fide angel investment” means a purchase of an equity interest, or any other expenditure, as determined by rule under s. 238.15 or s. 560.205, 2009 stats., that is made by any of the following:

71.07(5d)(a)1.a. a. A person who reviews new businesses or proposed new businesses for potential investment of the person’s money.

71.07(5d)(a)1.b. b. A network of persons who satisfy subd. 1.

71.07(5d)(a)2. 2. “Claimant” means an individual who files a claim under this subsection.

71.07(5d)(a)2m. 2m. “Person” means a partnership or limited liability company that is a nonoperating entity, as determined by the department of commerce or the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation, a natural person, or fiduciary.

71.07(5d)(a)3. 3. “Qualified new business venture” means a business that is certified under s. 238.15 (1) or s. 560.205 (1), 2009 stats.

71.07(5d)(b) (b) Filing claims. Subject to the limitations provided in this subsection and in s. 238.15 or s. 560.205, 2009 stats., a claimant may claim as a credit against the tax imposed under s. 71.02, up to the amount of those taxes, the following:

71.07(5d)(b)1. 1. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2008, in each taxable year for 2 consecutive years, beginning with the taxable year as certified by the department of commerce or the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation, an amount equal to 12.5 percent of the claimant’s bona fide angel investment made directly in a qualified new business venture.

71.07(5d)(b)2. 2. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2007, for the taxable year certified by the department of commerce or the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation, an amount equal to 25 percent of the claimant’s bona fide angel investment made directly in a qualified new business venture.

71.07(5d)(c) (c) Limitations.

71.07(5d)(c)2. 2. For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2008, the maximum amount of a claimant’s investment that may be used as the basis for a credit under this subsection is $2,000,000 for each investment made directly in a business certified under s. 238.15 (1) or s. 560.205 (1), 2009 stats.

71.07(5d)(c)3m. 3m. Partnerships and limited liability companies may not claim the credit under this subsection, but the eligibility for, and the amount of, the credit are based on their payment of amounts under par. (b). A partnership or limited liability company shall compute the amount of credit that each of its partners or members may claim and shall provide that information to each of them. Partners and members of limited liability companies may claim the credit in proportion to their ownership interest or as specially allocated in their organizational documents.

71.07(5d)(c)4. 4. A claimant may claim the credit under this subsection for an investment that was made in a business that was located outside of this state if the investment was made no more than 60 days before the business relocated to this state and the business was certified as a qualified new business venture no later than 180 days after relocating to this state.

71.07(5d)(d) (d) Administration.

71.07(5d)(d)1. 1. Except as provided under s. 238.15 (3) (d), for investments made after December 31, 2007, if an investment for which a claimant claims a credit under par. (b) is held by the claimant for less than 3 years, the claimant shall pay to the department, in the manner prescribed by the department, the amount of the credit that the claimant received related to the investment.

71.07(5d)(d)2. 2. Section 71.28 (4) (e) to (h), as it applies to the credit under s. 71.28 (4), applies to the credit under this subsection.

71.07(5d)(d)3. 3. Subsection (9e) (d), to the extent that it applies to the credit under that subsection, applies to the credit under this subsection.

71.07(5d)(d)4. 4. The Wisconsin adjusted basis of any investment for which a credit is claimed under par. (b) shall be reduced by the amount of the credit that is offset against Wisconsin income taxes.

71.07(5g) (5g) Health Insurance Risk-Sharing Plan assessments credit.

71.07(5g)(a) (a) Definitions. In this subsection, “claimant” means a partner, limited liability company member, or tax-option corporation shareholder who files a claim under this subsection and who is a partner, member, or shareholder of an entity that is an insurer, as defined in s. 149.10 (5), 2011 stats.

71.07(5g)(b) (b) Filing claims. Subject to the limitations provided under this subsection, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2005, and before January 1, 2015, a claimant may claim as a credit against the taxes imposed under s. 71.02 an amount that is equal to the amount of the assessment under s. 149.13, 2011 stats., that the claimant paid in the claimant’s taxable year, multiplied by the percentage determined under par. (c) 1.

71.07(5g)(c) (c) Limitations.

71.07(5g)(c)1. 1. The department of revenue, in consultation with the office of the commissioner of insurance, shall determine the percentage under par. (b) for each claimant for each taxable year. The percentage shall be equal to $5,000,000 divided by the aggregate assessment under s. 149.13, 2011 stats., except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013, and before January 1, 2015, the percentage shall be equal to $1,250,000 divided by the aggregate assessment under s. 149.13, 2011 stats., and shall not exceed 100 percent. The office of the commissioner of insurance shall provide to each claimant that participates in the cost of administering the plan the aggregate assessment at the time that it notifies the claimant of the claimant’s assessment. The aggregate amount of the credit under this subsection and ss. 71.28 (5g), 71.47 (5g), and 76.655 for all claimants participating in the cost of administering the plan under ch. 149, 2011 stats., shall not exceed $5,000,000 in each fiscal year.

71.07(5g)(c)2. 2. Partnerships, limited liability companies, and tax-option corporations may not claim the credit under this subsection, but the eligibility for, and the amount of, the credit are based on their payment of amounts described under par. (b). A partnership, limited liability company, or tax-option corporation shall compute the amount of credit that each of its partners, members, or shareholders may claim and shall provide that information to each of them. Partners, members of limited liability companies, and shareholders of tax-option corporations may claim the credit in proportion to their ownership interests.

71.07(5g)(c)3. 3. The amount of any credits that a claimant is awarded under this subsection for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2005, and before January 1, 2008, may first be claimed against the tax imposed under this subchapter for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2007, and in the manner determined by the department of revenue.

71.07(5g)(d) (d) Administration.

71.07(5g)(d)1. 1. Section 71.28 (4) (e) to (h), as it applies to the credit under s. 71.28 (4), applies to the credit under this subsection.

71.07(5g)(d)2. 2. No credit may be claimed under this subsection for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2014. Credits under this subsection for taxable years that begin before January 1, 2015, may be carried forward to taxable years that begin after December 31, 2014.

71.07(5i) (5i) Electronic medical records credit.

71.07(5i)(a) (a) Definitions. In this subsection, “claimant” means a person who files a claim under this subsection.

71.07(5i)(b) (b) Filing claims. Subject to the limitations provided in this subsection, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2011, and before January 1, 2014, a claimant may claim as a credit against the taxes imposed under ss. 71.02 and 71.08, up to the amount of those taxes, an amount equal to 50 percent of the amount the claimant paid in the taxable year for information technology hardware or software that is used to maintain medical records in electronic form, if the claimant is a health care provider, as defined in s. 146.81 (1) (a) to (p).

71.07(5i)(c) (c) Limitations.

71.07(5i)(c)1. 1. The maximum amount of the credits that may be claimed under this subsection and ss. 71.28 (5i) and 71.47 (5i) in a taxable year is $10,000,000, as allocated under s. 73.15 or s. 560.204, 2009 stats.