Chapter 71

71.06(1n)(d) (d) On all taxable income exceeding $112,500, 6.75 percent.

71.06(1p) (1p) Fiduciaries, single individuals and heads of households; 2001 to 2012. The tax to be assessed, levied and collected upon the taxable incomes of all fiduciaries, except fiduciaries of nuclear decommissioning trust or reserve funds, and single individuals and heads of households shall be computed at the following rates for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2000, and before January 1, 2013:

71.06(1p)(a) (a) On all taxable income from $0 to $7,500, 4.6 percent.

71.06(1p)(b) (b) On all taxable income exceeding $7,500 but not exceeding $15,000, 6.15 percent.

71.06(1p)(c) (c) On all taxable income exceeding $15,000 but not exceeding $112,500, 6.5 percent.

71.06(1p)(d) (d) On all taxable income exceeding $112,500 but not exceeding $225,000, 6.75 percent.

71.06(1p)(e) (e) On all taxable income exceeding $225,000, 7.75 percent.

71.06(1q) (1q) Fiduciaries, single individuals, and heads of households; after 2012. The tax to be assessed, levied, and collected upon the taxable incomes of all fiduciaries, except fiduciaries of nuclear decommissioning trust or reserve funds, and single individuals and heads of households shall be computed at the following rates for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012:

71.06(1q)(a) (a) On all taxable income from $0 to $7,500, 4.40 percent, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013, 4.0 percent, less fifty hundredths for taxable years beginning after December 2022.

71.06(1q)(b) (b) On all taxable income exceeding $7,500 but not exceeding $15,000, 5.84 percent, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018, 5.21 percent, less eighty-one hundredths for taxable years beginning after December 2022.

71.06(1q)(c) (c) On all taxable income exceeding $15,000 but not exceeding $225,000, 6.27 percent, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020, 5.30 percent.

71.06(1q)(d) (d) On all taxable income exceeding $225,000, 7.65 percent.

71.06(2) (2) Married persons. The tax to be assessed, levied and collected upon the taxable incomes of all married persons shall be computed at the following rates:

71.06(2)(a) (a) For joint returns, for taxable years beginning after July 31, 1986, and before January 1, 1998:

71.06(2)(a)1. 1. On all taxable income from $0 to $10,000, 4.9 percent.

71.06(2)(a)2. 2. On all taxable income exceeding $10,000 but not exceeding $20,000, 6.55 percent.

71.06(2)(a)3. 3. On all taxable income exceeding $20,000, 6.93 percent.

71.06(2)(b) (b) For married persons filing separately, for taxable years beginning after July 31, 1986, and before January 1, 1998:

71.06(2)(b)1. 1. On all taxable income from $0 to $5,000, 4.9 percent.

71.06(2)(b)2. 2. On all taxable income exceeding $5,000 but not exceeding $10,000, 6.55 percent.

71.06(2)(b)3. 3. On all taxable income exceeding $10,000, 6.93 percent.

71.06(2)(c) (c) For joint returns, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997, and before January 1, 2000:

71.06(2)(c)1. 1. On all taxable income from $0 to $10,000, 4.77 percent.

71.06(2)(c)2. 2. On all taxable income exceeding $10,000 but not exceeding $20,000, 6.37 percent.

71.06(2)(c)3. 3. On all taxable income exceeding $20,000, 6.77 percent.

71.06(2)(d) (d) For married persons filing separately, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997, and before January 1, 2000:

71.06(2)(d)1. 1. On all taxable income from $0 to $5,000, 4.77 percent.

71.06(2)(d)2. 2. On all taxable income exceeding $5,000 but not exceeding $10,000, 6.37 percent.

71.06(2)(d)3. 3. On all taxable income exceeding $10,000, 6.77 percent.

71.06(2)(e) (e) For joint returns, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1999, and before January 1, 2001:

71.06(2)(e)1. 1. On all taxable income from $0 to $10,000, 4.73 percent.

71.06(2)(e)2. 2. On all taxable income exceeding $10,000 but not exceeding $20,000, 6.33 percent.

71.06(2)(e)3. 3. On all taxable income exceeding $20,000 but not exceeding $150,000, 6.55 percent.

71.06(2)(e)4. 4. On all taxable income exceeding $150,000, 6.75 percent.

71.06(2)(f) (f) For married persons filing separately, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1999, and before January 1, 2001:

71.06(2)(f)1. 1. On all taxable income from $0 to $5,000, 4.73 percent.

71.06(2)(f)2. 2. On all taxable income exceeding $5,000 but not exceeding $10,000, 6.33 percent.

71.06(2)(f)3. 3. On all taxable income exceeding $10,000 but not exceeding $75,000, 6.55 percent.

71.06(2)(f)4. 4. On all taxable income exceeding $75,000, 6.75 percent.

71.06(2)(g) (g) For joint returns, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2000, and before January 1, 2013:

71.06(2)(g)1. 1. On all taxable income from $0 to $10,000, 4.6 percent.

71.06(2)(g)2. 2. On all taxable income exceeding $10,000 but not exceeding $20,000, 6.15 percent.

71.06(2)(g)3. 3. On all taxable income exceeding $20,000 but not exceeding $150,000, 6.5 percent.

71.06(2)(g)4. 4. On all taxable income exceeding $150,000 but not exceeding $300,000, 6.75 percent.

71.06(2)(g)5. 5. On all taxable income exceeding $300,000, 7.75 percent.

71.06(2)(h) (h) For married persons filing separately, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2000, and before January 1, 2013:

71.06(2)(h)1. 1. On all taxable income from $0 to $5,000, 4.6 percent.

71.06(2)(h)2. 2. On all taxable income exceeding $5,000 but not exceeding $10,000, 6.15 percent.

71.06(2)(h)3. 3. On all taxable income exceeding $10,000 but not exceeding $75,000, 6.5 percent.

71.06(2)(h)4. 4. On all taxable income exceeding $75,000 but not exceeding $150,000, 6.75 percent.

71.06(2)(h)5. 5. On all taxable income exceeding $150,000, 7.75 percent.

71.06(2)(i) (i) For joint returns, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012:

71.06(2)(i)1. 1. On all taxable income from $0 to $10,000, 4.40 percent, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013, 4.0 percent, less fifty hundredths for taxable years beginning after December 2022.

71.06(2)(i)2. 2. On all taxable income exceeding $10,000 but not exceeding $20,000, 5.84 percent, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018, 5.21 percent, less eighty-one hundredths for taxable years beginning after December 2022.

71.06(2)(i)3. 3. On all taxable income exceeding $20,000 but not exceeding $300,000, 6.27 percent, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020, 5.30 percent.

71.06(2)(i)4. 4. On all taxable income exceeding $300,000, 7.65 percent.

71.06(2)(j) (j) For married persons filing separately, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012:

71.06(2)(j)1. 1. On all taxable income from $0 to $5,000, 4.40 percent, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013, 4.0 percent, less fifty hundredths for taxable years beginning after December 2022.

71.06(2)(j)2. 2. On all taxable income exceeding $5,000 but not exceeding $10,000, 5.84 percent, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2018, 5.21 percent, less eighty-one hundredths for taxable years beginning after December 2022.

71.06(2)(j)3. 3. On all taxable income exceeding $10,000 but not exceeding $150,000, 6.27 percent, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2020, 5.30 percent.

71.06(2)(j)4. 4. On all taxable income exceeding $150,000, 7.65 percent.

71.06(2e) (2e) Bracket indexing.

71.06(2e)(a) (a) For taxable years beginning after December 31, 1998, and before January 1, 2000, the maximum dollar amount in each tax bracket, and the corresponding minimum dollar amount in the next bracket, under subs. (1m) and (2) (c) and (d), and for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1999, the maximum dollar amount in each tax bracket, and the corresponding minimum dollar amount in the next bracket, under subs. (1n), (1p) (a) to (c), (1q) (a) and (b), and (2) (e), (f), (g) 1. to 3., (h) 1. to 3., (i) 1. and 2., and (j) 1. and 2., shall be increased each year by a percentage equal to the percentage change between the U.S. consumer price index for all urban consumers, U.S. city average, for the month of August of the previous year and the U.S. consumer price index for all urban consumers, U.S. city average, for the month of August 1997, as determined by the federal department of labor, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2000, and before January 1, 2002, the dollar amount in the top bracket under subs. (1p) (c) and (d), (2) (g) 3. and 4. and (h) 3. and 4. shall be increased by a percentage equal to the percentage change between the U.S. consumer price index for all urban consumers, U.S. city average, for the month of August of the previous year and the U.S. consumer price index for all urban consumers, U.S. city average, for the month of August 1999, as determined by the federal department of labor, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2011, the adjustment may occur only if the resulting amount is greater than the corresponding amount that was calculated for the previous year.

71.06(2e)(b) (b) For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2009, the maximum dollar amount in each tax bracket, and the corresponding minimum dollar amount in the next bracket, under subs. (1p) (d), (1q) (c), and (2) (g) 4., (h) 4., (i) 3., and (j) 3., and the dollar amount in the top bracket under subs. (1p) (e), (1q) (d), and (2) (g) 5., (h) 5., (i) 4., and (j) 4., shall be increased each year by a percentage equal to the percentage change between the U.S. consumer price index for all urban consumers, U.S. city average, for the month of August of the previous year and the U.S. consumer price index for all urban consumers, U.S. city average, for the month of August 2008, as determined by the federal department of labor, except that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2011, the adjustment may occur only if the resulting amount is greater than the corresponding amount that was calculated for the previous year.

71.06(2e)(c) (c) Each amount that is revised under this subsection shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of $10 if the revised amount is not a multiple of $10 or, if the revised amount is a multiple of $5, such an amount shall be increased to the next higher multiple of $10. The department of revenue shall annually adjust the changes in dollar amounts required under this subsection and incorporate the changes into the income tax forms and instructions.

71.06(2m) (2m) Rate changes. If a rate under sub. (1), (1m), (1n), (1p), (1q), or (2) changes during a taxable year, the taxpayer shall compute the tax for that taxable year by the methods applicable to the federal income tax under section 15 of the Internal Revenue Code.

71.06(2s) (2s) Nonresidents and part-year residents.

71.06(2s)(a) (a) For taxable years beginning after December 31, 1996, and before January 1, 1998, with respect to nonresident individuals, including individuals changing their domicile into or from this state, the tax brackets under subs. (1) and (2) shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is Wisconsin adjusted gross income and the denominator of which is federal adjusted gross income. In this paragraph, for married persons filing separately “adjusted gross income” means the separate adjusted gross income of each spouse, and for married persons filing jointly “adjusted gross income” means the total adjusted gross income of both spouses. If an individual and that individual’s spouse are not both domiciled in this state during the entire taxable year, the tax brackets under subs. (1) and (2) on a joint return shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is their joint Wisconsin adjusted gross income and the denominator of which is their joint federal adjusted gross income.

71.06(2s)(b) (b) For taxable years beginning after December 31, 1997, and before January 1, 2000, with respect to nonresident individuals, including individuals changing their domicile into or from this state, the tax brackets under subs. (1m) and (2) (c) and (d) shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is Wisconsin adjusted gross income and the denominator of which is federal adjusted gross income. In this paragraph, for married persons filing separately “adjusted gross income” means the separate adjusted gross income of each spouse, and for married persons filing jointly “adjusted gross income” means the total adjusted gross income of both spouses. If an individual and that individual’s spouse are not both domiciled in this state during the entire taxable year, the tax brackets under subs. (1m) and (2) (c) and (d) on a joint return shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is their joint Wisconsin adjusted gross income and the denominator of which is their joint federal adjusted gross income.

71.06(2s)(c) (c) For taxable years beginning after December 31, 1999, and before January 1, 2001, with respect to nonresident individuals, including individuals changing their domicile into or from this state, the tax brackets under subs. (1n) and (2) (e) and (f) shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is Wisconsin adjusted gross income and the denominator of which is federal adjusted gross income. In this paragraph, for married persons filing separately “adjusted gross income” means the separate adjusted gross income of each spouse, and for married persons filing jointly “adjusted gross income” means the total adjusted gross income of both spouses. If an individual and that individual’s spouse are not both domiciled in this state during the entire taxable year, the tax brackets under subs. (1n) and (2) (e) and (f) on a joint return shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is their joint Wisconsin adjusted gross income and the denominator of which is their joint federal adjusted gross income.

71.06(2s)(d) (d) For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2000, with respect to nonresident individuals, including individuals changing their domicile into or from this state, the tax brackets under subs. (1p), (1q), and (2) (g), (h), (i), and (j) shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is Wisconsin adjusted gross income and the denominator of which is federal adjusted gross income. In this paragraph, for married persons filing separately “adjusted gross income” means the separate adjusted gross income of each spouse, and for married persons filing jointly “adjusted gross income” means the total adjusted gross income of both spouses. If an individual and that individual’s spouse are not both domiciled in this state during the entire taxable year, the tax brackets under subs. (1p), (1q), and (2) (g), (h), (i), and (j) on a joint return shall be multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is their joint Wisconsin adjusted gross income and the denominator of which is their joint federal adjusted gross income.

71.06(3) (3) Tax table. The secretary of revenue shall prepare a table from which the tax in effect on taxable personal income shall be determined. Such table shall be published in the department’s appropriate instructional booklets. The form and the tax computations of the table shall be substantially as follows:

71.06(3)(a) (a) The title thereof shall be “Tax Table”.

71.06(3)(b) (b) The first 2 columns shall contain the minimum and the maximum amounts, respectively, of taxable income in brackets of not more than $100. Computation of tax on taxable income in excess of the amount shown on the table may be set forth at the foot of such table.

71.06(3)(c) (c) The 3rd column shall show the amount of the tax payable for each bracket before the allowance of any credit. The tax shall be computed at the rates in effect, which rates shall be applied to the amount of income at the middle of each bracket. The amount of tax for each bracket shall be computed to the nearest dollar.

71.06 History History: 1987 a. 312; 1989 a. 31; 1993 a. 16; 1997 a. 27, 41, 237; 1999 a. 9; 2001 a. 16; 2009 a. 28; 2013 a. 20, 145; 2019 a. 9; 2021 a. 58; 2023 a. 19.

71.07 71.07 Credits.

71.07(1) (1) Claim of right credit. Any natural person may credit against taxes otherwise due under this chapter the decrease in tax under this chapter for the prior taxable year that would be attributable to subtracting income taxed for that year under the claim of right doctrine but repaid, as calculated under section 1341 of the internal revenue code, if the income repaid is greater than $3,000 and the amount is not subtracted in computing Wisconsin adjusted gross income or used in computing the credit under sub. (5) (a). If the allowable amount of the claim exceeds the claimant’s taxes due under this chapter the amount of the claim not used to offset those taxes shall be certified to the department of administration for payment to the claimant by check, share draft or other draft drawn on the general fund.

71.07(2dm) (2dm) Development zone capital investment credit.

71.07(2dm)(a) (a) In this subsection:

71.07(2dm)(a)1. 1. “Certified” means entitled under s. 238.395 (3) (a) 4. or s. 560.795 (3) (a) 4., 2009 stats., to claim tax benefits or certified under s. 238.395 (5) or 238.398 (5) or s. 560.795 (5), 2009 stats., or s. 560.798 (3), 2009 stats.

71.07(2dm)(a)2. 2. “Claimant” means a person who files a claim under this subsection.

71.07(2dm)(a)3. 3. “Development zone” means a development opportunity zone under s. 238.395 (1) (e) and (f) or 238.398 or s. 560.795 (1) (e) and (f), 2009 stats., or s. 560.798, 2009 stats.

71.07(2dm)(a)4. 4. “Previously owned property” means real property that the claimant or a related person owned during the 2 years prior to the department of commerce or the Wisconsin Economic Development Corporation designating the place where the property is located as a development zone and for which the claimant may not deduct a loss from the sale of the property to, or an exchange of the property with, the related person under section 267 of the Internal Revenue Code, except that section 267 (b) of the Internal Revenue Code is modified so that if the claimant owns any part of the property, rather than 50 percent ownership, the claimant is subject to section 267 (a) (1) of the Internal Revenue Code for purposes of this subsection.

71.07(2dm)(b) (b) Subject to the limitations provided in this subsection and in s. 73.03 (35), for any taxable year for which the claimant is certified, a claimant may claim as a credit against the taxes imposed under s. 71.02 an amount that is equal to 3 percent of the following:

71.07(2dm)(b)1. 1. The purchase price of depreciable, tangible personal property.

71.07(2dm)(b)2. 2. The amount expended to acquire, construct, rehabilitate, remodel, or repair real property in a development zone.

71.07(2dm)(c) (c) A claimant may claim the credit under par. (b) 1., if the tangible personal property is purchased after the claimant is certified and the personal property is used for at least 50 percent of its use in the claimant’s business at a location in a development zone or, if the property is mobile, the property’s base of operations for at least 50 percent of its use is at a location in a development zone.

71.07(2dm)(d) (d) A claimant may claim the credit under par. (b) 2. for an amount expended to construct, rehabilitate, remodel, or repair real property, if the claimant began the physical work of construction, rehabilitation, remodeling, or repair, or any demolition or destruction in preparation for the physical work, after the place where the property is located was designated a development zone, or if the completed project is placed in service after the claimant is certified. In this paragraph, “physical work” does not include preliminary activities such as planning, designing, securing financing, researching, developing specifications, or stabilizing the property to prevent deterioration.