Chapter 705

705.06 Annotation A personal representative is not a “party” to an account held as a “joint account” by the decedent and another who survives; a bank that disburses the funds of the joint account to the personal representative is not entitled to immunity under this section. Ixonia State Bank v. Schuelke, 171 Wis. 2d 89, 491 N.W.2d 772 (Ct. App. 1992).

705.06 Annotation Joint Bank Accounts in Wisconsin. O’Flaherty. 53 MLR 118 (1970).

705.07 705.07 Rights of creditors.

705.07(1) (1) Only the creditors of any living party to an account may subject the entire sums on deposit to their claims, as if such sums resulted solely from contributions made by the debtor party. If a joint or P.O.D. account requires the signatures of all of the parties for purposes of withdrawal, such account shall not be subject to the claims of creditors of a debtor party to the extent of the net contributions of the other parties to the account. Such other parties shall have the burden of proving their net contributions by clear and convincing evidence.

705.07(2) (2) For purposes of ch. 242, a debtor party shall be deemed to have made a transfer only at the time some other party withdraws all or part of the sums on deposit, or at the time of the debtor party’s death as to sums not previously withdrawn. In the case of a withdrawal while the debtor party is living, the sole grounds for determining any such transfer to be voidable shall be whether the debtor party is or will be thereby rendered insolvent under s. 242.05 (1) or whether the debtor party is engaged or is about to engage in a business or transaction for which the assets remaining in the debtor party’s hands after the transfer are unreasonably small under s. 242.04 (1) (b) 1. In the case of a transfer by reason of the death of the debtor party, the sole ground for determining any such transfer to be voidable shall be whether the debtor party’s estate subject to administration is insolvent under s. 242.02. For purposes of this subsection, the amount transferred shall be deemed to consist of those assets which the creditors of the debtor party could have made subject to their claims immediately prior to the transfer, less any sums which such creditors could have made so subject to their claims immediately after the transfer.

705.07 History History: 1973 c. 291; 1987 a. 192; 2023 a. 246.

705.08 705.08 Construction. This subchapter shall be construed in such a manner as to ensure reasonable certainty of legal result for those who establish a multiple-party or agency account.

705.08 History History: 1973 c. 291; 1989 a. 331.

705.09 705.09 Applicability of general transfers at death provisions. Chapter 854 applies to transfers at death under this subchapter.

705.09 History History: 1997 a. 188.

705.09 Annotation Wisconsin’s New Probate Code. Erlanger. Wis. Law. Oct. 1998.

subch. II of ch. 705 SUBCHAPTER II

NONPROBATE TRANSFERS AT DEATH;
NONPROBATE TRANSFER OF REAL PROPERTY

705.10 705.10 Nonprobate transfers on death.

705.10(1) (1) A provision for a nonprobate transfer on death in an insurance policy, contract of employment, bond, mortgage, promissory note, certificated or uncertificated security, account agreement, custodial agreement, deposit agreement, compensation plan, pension plan, individual retirement plan, employee benefit plan, trust, conveyance, online tool, as defined in s. 711.03 (18), deed of gift, marital property agreement, or other written instrument of a similar nature is nontestamentary. This subsection governs a written provision that:

705.10(1)(a) (a) Money or other benefits due, controlled by or owned by a decedent before death must be paid after the decedent’s death to a person whom the decedent designates either in the instrument or in a separate writing, including a will executed either before or at the same time as the instrument, or later;

705.10(1)(b) (b) Money due or to become due under the instrument ceases to be payable in the event of death of the promisee or the promisor before payment or demand; or

705.10(1)(c) (c) Any property controlled by or owned by the decedent before death which is the subject of the instrument passes to a person whom the decedent designates either in the instrument or in a separate writing, including a will executed either before or at the same time as the instrument, or later.

705.10(2) (2) This section does not limit rights of creditors under other laws of this state.

705.10(3) (3) Chapter 854 applies to transfers at death under this section.

705.10(4) (4) A transfer under this section does not require confirmation in any procedure under s. 867.01, 867.02, or 867.03 or ch. 856 or 865. A transfer under this section may be confirmed under s. 867.046 (1m) or (2).

705.10 History History: 1989 a. 331; 1997 a. 188; 2005 a. 206 s. 5; 2005 a. 216 s. 35; Stats. 2005 s. 705.10; 2007 a. 97 s. 198; 2015 a. 300.

705.10 Annotation An annuity is an “other written instrument” under sub. (1). A contractual arrangement that creates a nonprobate transfer of property subject to this section will defeat a marital agreement that does not make the transfer. Reichel v. Jung, 2000 WI App 151, 237 Wis. 2d 853, 616 N.W.2d 118, 99-1211.

705.10 Annotation No provision of this section or s. 766.58 (3) permits parties to ignore ch. 854 or to agree to prohibit court involvement in implementing a marital property agreement. That “Washington Will” provisions permit transfer of property without probate does not mean the legislature allowed parties to agree to no court involvement in implementing transfer of ownership and creating a reliable and public record of transfer. Maciolek v. City of Milwaukee Employes’ Retirement System Annuity & Pension Board, 2006 WI 10, 288 Wis. 2d 62, 709 N.W.2d 360, 04-1254.

705.10 Annotation Wisconsin’s New Probate Code. Erlanger. Wis. Law. Oct. 1998.

705.15 705.15 Nonprobate transfer of real property on death.

705.15(1b) (1b) In this section:

705.15(1b)(a) (a) “Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government, government subdivision, agency or instrumentality, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity.

705.15(1b)(b) (b) “Sole owner” means the owner of an interest in real property described in sub. (1m) (a) to (c).

705.15(1b)(c) (c) “TOD beneficiary” means a person designated as a beneficiary in a document that complies with sub. (2) (a).

705.15(1m) (1m) Any of the following interests in real property may be transferred without probate to a designated TOD beneficiary as provided in this section on the death of the sole owner or the last to die of the multiple owners:

705.15(1m)(a) (a) An interest in real property that is owned by one individual and is not concurrently owned by any other person.

705.15(1m)(b) (b) A fractional interest in real property that is owned by an individual as a tenant in common.

705.15(1m)(c) (c) An interest in real property that is owned by a spouse as marital property. This paragraph does not include an interest in real property owned as survivorship marital property.

705.15(1m)(d) (d) An interest in real property owned by spouses as survivorship marital property.

705.15(1m)(e) (e) An interest in real property owned by 2 or more individuals as joint tenants.

705.15(2) (2) 

705.15(2)(a) (a) A TOD beneficiary may be designated on a document that includes all of the following:

705.15(2)(a)1. 1. The name of the owner or owners of the interest in real property that will be transferred.

705.15(2)(a)2. 2. The name of the designated TOD beneficiary.

705.15(2)(a)3. 3. That the transfer is effective only upon the death of the owner or owners.

705.15(2)(a)4. 4. If the interest that will be transferred is an interest in real property owned by a spouse as marital property, the signatures of both spouses who have an interest in the marital property.

705.15(2)(b) (b) The designation of a TOD beneficiary may be made by use of the words “transfer on death” or “pay on death,” or the abbreviation “TOD” or “POD,” after the name of the owner or owners of the property and before the name of the TOD beneficiary or beneficiaries. The owner or owners may designate one or more persons as a primary TOD beneficiary and may designate one or more persons as a contingent TOD beneficiary if a primary TOD beneficiary does not survive the sole owner or the last to die of multiple owners. The designation may be included on the original document that passes the property interest to the owner or owners or may be made at a later time by the sole owner or all then surviving owners by executing and recording another document that designates a TOD beneficiary.

705.15(2)(c) (c) A TOD beneficiary designation is not effective unless the document on which the designation is made, and any fees required to record the document, are submitted for recording to the register of deeds office of the county in which the real property is located before the death of the sole owner or the last to die of multiple owners.

705.15(3) (3) The designation of a TOD beneficiary on a document does not affect ownership of the property until the death of the sole owner or the last to die of multiple owners regardless of whether the document provides otherwise. The designation may be canceled or changed at any time by the sole owner or all then surviving owners, without the consent of the TOD beneficiary, by executing and recording another document that designates a different TOD beneficiary or no beneficiary. The recording of a document that designates a TOD beneficiary or no beneficiary revokes any designation made in a previously recorded document relating to the same property interest.

705.15(4) (4) On the death of the sole owner or the last to die of multiple owners, ownership of the interest in the real property passes, subject to any lien or encumbrance against the real property, to the designated TOD beneficiary or beneficiaries who survive all owners and to any predeceased beneficiary’s issue who would take under s. 854.06 (3). If no TOD beneficiary or predeceased TOD beneficiary’s issue who would take under s. 854.06 (3) survives the death of all owners, the interest in the real property passes to the estate of the deceased sole owner or the estate of the last to die of the multiple owners.

705.15(5) (5) A TOD beneficiary’s interest in the property on the death of the sole owner or the last to die of multiple owners may be confirmed as provided in s. 863.27, 865.201, or 867.046.

705.15(6) (6) Chapter 854 applies to transfers on death under this section.

705.15(7) (7) The capacity required to designate a TOD beneficiary or to revoke a designation of a TOD beneficiary is the same as the capacity to make or revoke a will under s. 853.01.

705.15(8) (8) Unless previously adjudicated in a formal testacy proceeding or otherwise barred, the claim of any claimant to recover real property transferred to a TOD beneficiary under this section is barred unless, by no later than 120 days after the death of the sole owner or the last to die of multiple owners, a complaint is filed in an action in which the relief demanded may confirm or change interests in the real property transferred under this section and a lis pendens is filed or recorded in each county where any part of the real property is located.

705.15 History History: 2005 a. 206; 2017 a. 332.

705.18 705.18 Nonprobate transfer of farming implements at death.

705.18(1) (1) In this section:

705.18(1)(a) (a) “Conscious presence” means within the range of any of an individual’s senses.

705.18(1)(am) (am) “Disinterested witness” means an individual who is not designated as a TOD beneficiary on a document that he or she is acting as a witness to under this section.

705.18(1)(b) (b)

705.18(1)(b)1. 1. “Farm implement” means a tractor or machine, including any associated accessories, attachments, fuel, and repair parts, used exclusively and directly in farming.

705.18(1)(b)2. 2. “Farm implement” does not include personal property that is attached to, fastened to, connected to, or built into real property or that becomes an addition to, component of, or capital improvement to real property, and does not include buildings or improvements to real property, regardless of any contribution that the personal property makes to the production process of any machine and regardless of the extent to which that personal property functions as a machine.

705.18(1)(b)3. 3. For purposes of subd. 2., the following items retain their character as a “farm implement,” regardless of the extent to which they are fastened to, connected to, or built into real property:

705.18(1)(b)3.a. a. Auxiliary power generators.

705.18(1)(b)3.b. b. Bale loaders.

705.18(1)(b)3.c. c. Barn elevators.

705.18(1)(b)3.d. d. Conveyors.

705.18(1)(b)3.e. e. Feed elevators and augers.

705.18(1)(b)3.f. f. Grain dryers and grinders.

705.18(1)(b)3.g. g. Milk coolers.

705.18(1)(b)3.h. h. Milking machines, including piping, pipeline washers, and compressors.

705.18(1)(b)3.i. i. Silo unloaders.

705.18(1)(b)3.j. j. Powered feeders, but not including platforms or troughs constructed from ordinary building materials.

705.18(1)(c) (c) “Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government, government subdivision, agency or instrumentality, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity.

705.18(1)(d) (d) “TOD beneficiary” means a person designated as a beneficiary in a document that complies with sub. (3) (a).

705.18(2) (2) Any interest in a farm implement may be transferred without probate to a designated TOD beneficiary as provided in this section on the death of the sole owner or the last to die of multiple owners.

705.18(3) (3) 

705.18(3)(a) (a) A TOD beneficiary may be designated on a document that includes all of the following:

705.18(3)(a)1. 1. The name of the owner or owners of the interest in a farm implement that will be transferred.

705.18(3)(a)2. 2. The name of the designated TOD beneficiary.

705.18(3)(a)3. 3. A statement indicating that the transfer is effective only upon the death of the owner or owners.

705.18(3)(a)4. 4. If the interest that will be transferred is an interest in property owned by a spouse as marital property, the signatures of both spouses who have an interest in the marital property.

705.18(3)(b) (b) The designation of a TOD beneficiary may be made by use of the words “transfer on death” or “pay on death,” or the abbreviation “TOD” or “POD,” after the name of the owner or owners of the property and before the name of the TOD beneficiary or beneficiaries. The owner or owners may designate one or more persons as a primary TOD beneficiary and may designate one or more persons as a contingent TOD beneficiary if a primary TOD beneficiary does not survive the sole owner or the last to die of multiple owners. The designation may be included on the original document that passes the property interest to the owner or owners or may be made at a later time by the sole owner or all then surviving owners by executing another document that designates a TOD beneficiary.

705.18(3)(c) (c) A document designating a TOD beneficiary under this section is not effective unless it is in writing and executed with all of the following formalities:

705.18(3)(c)1. 1. It must be signed by all owners. If an owner is unable to sign, another person may sign for the owner with the owner’s consent and in the owner’s conscious presence.

705.18(3)(c)2. 2. It must be signed by at least 2 witnesses, at least one of whom is a disinterested witness, who signed within a reasonable time after any of the following:

705.18(3)(c)2.a. a. The signing of the document designating a TOD beneficiary as provided in subd. 1., in the conscious presence of the witness.

705.18(3)(c)2.b. b. The owner’s implicit or explicit acknowledgment of the owner’s signature on the document designating a TOD beneficiary, in the conscious presence of the witness.

705.18(3)(c)2.c. c. The owner’s implicit or explicit acknowledgment of the document designating a TOD beneficiary, in the conscious presence of the witness.

705.18(3)(c)3. 3. The 2 witnesses required under subd. 2. may observe the signing or acknowledgment under subd. 2. a. to c. at different times.

705.18(3)(c)4. 4. If there are multiple owners, each signature of an owner must be witnessed by at least 2 witnesses. For purposes of this paragraph, a witness may be a witness for multiple owners.

705.18(3)(c)5. 5. Any person who, at the time of execution of the document designating a TOD beneficiary, would be competent to testify as a witness in court to the facts relating to execution may act as a witness to the document designating a TOD beneficiary. Subsequent incompetency of a witness is not a ground for denying or voiding the TOD beneficiary designation if the execution of the document designating a TOD beneficiary is otherwise satisfactorily proved.

705.18(4) (4) The designation of a TOD beneficiary on a document does not affect ownership of the property until the death of the sole owner or the last to die of multiple owners regardless of whether the document provides otherwise. The designation may be canceled or changed at any time by the sole owner or all then surviving owners, without the consent of the TOD beneficiary, by executing another document that designates a different TOD beneficiary or no beneficiary. The execution of a document that designates a TOD beneficiary or no beneficiary revokes any designation made in a previously executed document relating to the same property interest.