Chapter 70

70.111(10)(a)1. 1. “Building” means any structure that is intended to be a permanent accession to real property; that is designed or used for sheltering people, animals or plants, for storing property or for working, office, parking, sales or display space, regardless of any contribution that the structure makes to the production process in it; that in physical appearance is annexed to that real property; that is covered by a roof or encloses space; that is not readily moved or disassembled; and that is commonly known to be a building because of its appearance and because of the materials of which it is constructed.

70.111(10)(a)2. 2. “Machine” means an assemblage of parts that transmits force, motion and energy from one part to another in a predetermined manner.

70.111(10)(b) (b) Tractors and machines; including accessories, attachments, fuel and repair parts for them; whether owned or leased, that are used exclusively and directly in farming; including dairy farming, agriculture, horticulture, floriculture and custom farming services; but not including personal property that is attached to, fastened to, connected to or built into real property or that becomes an addition to, component of or capital improvement to real property and not including buildings or improvements to real property, regardless of any contribution that that personal property makes to the production process in them and regardless of the extent to which that personal property functions as a machine.

70.111(10)(c) (c) For purposes of this subsection, the following items retain their character as tangible personal property, regardless of the extent to which they are fastened to, connected to or built into real property:

70.111(10)(c)1. 1. Auxiliary power generators.

70.111(10)(c)2. 2. Bale loaders.

70.111(10)(c)3. 3. Barn elevators.

70.111(10)(c)4. 4. Conveyors.

70.111(10)(c)5. 5. Feed elevators and augers.

70.111(10)(c)6. 6. Grain dryers and grinders.

70.111(10)(c)7. 7. Milk coolers.

70.111(10)(c)8. 8. Milking machines; including piping, pipeline washers and compressors.

70.111(10)(c)9. 9. Silo unloaders.

70.111(10)(c)10. 10. Powered feeders, but not including platforms or troughs constructed from ordinary building materials.

70.111(11) (11) Cheese. Natural cheese owned by the Wisconsin primary manufacturer or by any other person while in storage for the purpose of further aging in preparation for cutting, packaging or other processing.

70.111(14) (14) Milkhouse equipment. Milkhouse equipment used by a farmer, including mechanical can coolers, bulk tanks and hot water heaters. This exemption shall apply whether such equipment is deemed personal property or is so affixed to the realty as to be classified in the category of real estate.

70.111(17) (17) Merchants’ stock-in-trade; manufacturers’ materials and finished products; livestock. As of January 1, 1981, merchants’ stock-in-trade, manufacturers’ materials and finished products and livestock.

70.111(18) (18) Energy systems. Biogas or synthetic gas energy systems, solar energy systems, and wind energy systems. In this subsection, “biogas or synthetic gas energy system” means equipment which directly converts biomass, as defined under section 45K (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, as interpreted by the Internal Revenue Service, into biogas or synthetic gas, equipment which generates electricity, heat, or compressed natural gas exclusively from biogas or synthetic gas, equipment which is used exclusively for the direct transfer or storage of biomass, biogas, or synthetic gas, and any structure used exclusively to shelter or operate such equipment, or the portion of any structure used in part to shelter or operate such equipment that is allocable to such use, if all such equipment, and any such structure, is located at the same site, and includes manure, substrate, and other feedstock collection and delivery systems, pumping and processing equipment, gasifiers and digester tanks, biogas and synthetic gas cleaning and compression equipment, fiber separation and drying equipment, and heat recovery equipment, but does not include equipment or components that are present as part of a conventional energy system. In this subsection, “synthetic gas” is a gas that qualifies as a renewable resource under s. 196.378 (1) (h) 1. h. In this subsection, “solar energy system” means equipment which directly converts and then transfers or stores solar energy into usable forms of thermal or electrical energy, but does not include equipment or components that would be present as part of a conventional energy system or a system that operates without mechanical means. In this subsection, “wind energy system” means equipment which converts and then transfers or stores energy from the wind into usable forms of energy, but does not include equipment or components that would be present as part of a conventional energy system. Until the tax incremental district terminates, the exemption under this subsection for biogas or synthetic gas energy systems does not apply to property in existence on January 1, 2014, and located in a tax incremental financing district in effect on January 1, 2014.

70.111 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also s. Tax 12.50, Wis. adm. code.

70.111(19) (19) Camping trailers, recreational mobile homes, and recreational vehicles.

70.111(19)(a) (a) Camping trailers as defined in s. 340.01 (6m).

70.111(19)(b) (b) Recreational mobile homes, as defined in s. 66.0435 (1) (hm), and recreational vehicles, as defined in s. 340.01 (48r). The exemption under this paragraph also applies to steps and a platform, not exceeding 50 square feet, that lead to a doorway of a recreational mobile home or a recreational vehicle, but does not apply to any other addition, attachment, deck, or patio.

70.111(20) (20) Logging equipment. All equipment used to cut trees, to transport trees in logging areas or to clear land of trees for the commercial use of forest products.

70.111(21) (21) Structures for ginseng. Any temporary structure in the hands of a grower of ginseng used or designed to be used to provide shade for ginseng plants.

70.111(22) (22) Rented personal property.

70.111(22)(a) (a) Except as provided in par. (b), personal property held for rental for periods of one month or less to multiple users for their temporary use, if the property is not rented with an operator, if the owner is not a subsidiary or affiliate of any other enterprise and the owner is engaged in the rental of the property subject to the exemption to the other enterprise, if the owner is classified in group number 735, industry number 7359 of the 1987 standard industrial classification manual published by the U.S. office of management and budget and if the property is equipment, including construction equipment but not including automotive and computer-related equipment, television sets, video recorders and players, cameras, photographic equipment, audiovisual equipment, photocopying equipment, sound equipment, public address systems and video tapes; party supplies; appliances; tools; dishes; silverware; tables; or banquet accessories.

70.111(22)(b) (b) Personal property held primarily for rental for periods of 364 days or less to multiple users for their temporary use, if the property is not rented with an operator, if the owner is not a subsidiary or affiliate of any other enterprise and the owner is engaged in the rental of the property subject to the exemption to the other enterprise, if the owner is classified under 532412 of the North American Industry Classification System, 2012 edition, published by the U.S. bureau of the census, and if the property is heavy equipment used for construction, mining, or forestry, including bulldozers, earthmoving equipment, well-drilling machinery and equipment, or cranes.

70.111(23) (23) Vending machines. All machines that automatically dispense food and food ingredient, as defined in s. 77.51 (3t), upon the deposit in the machines of specified coins or currency, or insertion of a credit card, in payment for the food and food ingredient, as defined in s. 77.51 (3t).

70.111(24) (24) Motion picture theater equipment. Projection equipment, sound systems and projection screens that are owned and used by a motion picture theater.

70.111(25) (25) Digital broadcasting equipment. Digital broadcasting equipment owned and used by a radio station, television station, or video service network, as defined in s. 66.0420 (2) (zb).

70.111(26) (26) High density sequencing systems.

70.111(26)(a) (a) In this subsection, “production process” has the meaning given in s. 70.11 (27) (a) 5., except that storage is not excluded.

70.111(26)(b) (b) A high density sequencing system that by mechanical or electronic operation moves printed materials from one place to another within the production process, organizes the materials for optimal staging, or stores and retrieves the materials to facilitate the production or assembly of such materials.

70.111(27) (27) Machinery, tools, and patterns.

70.111(27)(a) (a) In this subsection, “machinery” means a structure or assemblage of parts that transmits force, motion, or energy from one part to another in a predetermined way by electrical, mechanical, or chemical means. “Machinery” does not include a building.

70.111(27)(b) (b) Beginning with the property tax assessments as of January 1, 2018, machinery, tools, and patterns, not including such items used in manufacturing.

70.111(27)(c) (c) A taxing jurisdiction may include the most recent valuation of personal property described under par. (b) that is located in the taxing jurisdiction for purposes of complying with debt limitations applicable to the jurisdiction.

70.111(28) (28) Business and manufacturing personal property.

70.111(28)(a) (a) Beginning with the property tax assessments applicable to the January 1, 2024, assessment year, personal property, as defined in s. 70.04, including steam and other vessels, furniture, and equipment.

70.111(28)(b) (b) The exemption under par. (a) does not apply to the following:

70.111(28)(b)1. 1. Property assessed as real property under s. 70.17 (3).

70.111(28)(b)2. 2. Property subject to taxation under s. 76.025 (2).

70.111(28)(c) (c) A taxing jurisdiction may include the most recent valuation of personal property described under par. (a) that is located in the taxing jurisdiction for purposes of complying with debt limitations applicable to the jurisdiction.

70.111 History History: 1971 c. 315; 1973 c. 90; 1973 c. 336 s. 36; 1975 c. 39, 224; 1977 c. 29 ss. 746, 1646 (2), (3), (4); 1977 c. 142, 273; 1979 c. 3, 199, 349; 1981 c. 20, 221; 1983 a. 27 ss. 1179 to 1179m; 1983 a. 88, 201, 243, 276; 1985 a. 29; 1987 a. 387, 399; 1989 a. 31; 1991 a. 269; 1993 a. 85; 1995 a. 27; 1997 a. 248; 1999 a. 9; 1999 a. 150 s. 672; 2001 a. 16, 30, 105; 2005 a. 298; 2007 a. 11, 20, 42, 97; 2009 a. 2; 2013 a. 20, 144, 193; 2015 a. 55; 2017 a. 59; 2019 a. 34; 2023 a. 12.

70.111 Annotation Personal property held out for rental is not “stock-in-trade” under sub. (17). Village of Menomonee Falls v. Falls Rental World, 135 Wis. 2d 393, 400 N.W.2d 478 (Ct. App. 1986).

70.111 Annotation The exemption under sub. (9) applies only to personal property. Pulsfus Poultry Farms, Inc. v. Town of Leeds, 149 Wis. 2d 797, 440 N.W.2d 329 (1989).

70.111 Annotation “Interstate traffic” in sub. (3) means interstate commerce. Discussing what constitutes a boat in interstate commerce. Town of La Pointe v. Madeline Island Ferry Line, Inc., 179 Wis. 2d 726, 508 N.W.2d 440 (Ct. App. 1993).

70.111 Annotation A mobile home is an improvement to real property under former s. 70.043 (1), 2021 stats., when the home is resting for more than a temporary time, in whole or in part, on some other means of support than its wheels, but a mobile home may be personal property and exempt under sub. (19) (b) although it may have some weight off its wheels. Ahrens v. Town of Fulton, 2002 WI 29, 251 Wis. 2d 135, 641 N.W.2d 423, 99-2466.

70.111 Annotation In applying sub. (20), the use of the equipment rather than the primary purpose of the underlying business is the determining factor in deciding whether equipment is exempt from taxation. De minimis uses of the property are not sufficient to invoke this exemption. Village of Lannon v. Wood-Land Contractors, Inc., 2003 WI 150, 267 Wis. 2d 158, 672 N.W.2d 275, 02-0236.

70.111 Annotation Sub. (22) unambiguously expresses the legislature’s clear intent to exempt rental property from taxation that is held for rental for one month or less and for property available for rental for more than one month to be taxed. There is no ambiguity in the statutory language such that it might possibly apply to property that is held for rental for one month or less and that is also available for rental for more than one month. United Rentals, Inc. v. City of Madison, 2007 WI App 131, 302 Wis. 2d 245, 733 N.W.2d 322, 05-1440.

70.111 Annotation As used in sub. (1), “kept for personal use” does not explicitly limit the use of personal property solely to personal use. The decisive question is whether the use is de minimus or inconsequential. Faydash v. City of Sheboygan, 2011 WI App 57, 332 Wis. 2d 397, 797 N.W.2d 540, 10-2073.

70.111 Annotation Sub. (27) is ambiguous because it does not define the phrase “used in manufacturing,” but the legislative history surrounding its enactment demonstrates that sub. (27) was enacted to exempt from taxation only machines, tools, and patterns that are reported to local assessors. The exemption does not apply to machines, tools, and patterns that are assessed by the Department of Revenue under s. 70.995. DOR v. Master’s Gallery Foods, Inc., 2024 WI App 21, 411 Wis. 2d 563, 5 N.W.3d 952, 22-1909.

70.111 Note NOTE: The above annotations relate to personal property taxation exemptions under this section prior to the sunset of the personal property tax under 2023 Wis. Act 12.

70.112 70.112 Property exempted from taxation because of special tax. The property described in this section is exempted from general property taxes:

70.112(1) (1) Money and intangible personalty. Money and all intangible personal property, such as credit, checks, share drafts, other drafts, notes, bonds, stocks and other written instruments.

70.112(4) (4) Special property and gross receipts taxes or license fees.

70.112(4)(a) (a) All special property assessed under ss. 76.01 to 76.26 and property of any light, heat, and power company taxed under s. 76.28, car line company, and electric cooperative association that is used and useful in the operation of the business of such company or association. If a general structure for which an exemption is sought under this section is used and useful in part in the operation of any public utility assessed under ss. 76.01 to 76.26 or of the business of any light, heat, and power company taxed under s. 76.28, car line company, or electric cooperative association and in part for nonoperating purposes of the public utility or company or association, that general structure shall be assessed for taxation under this chapter at the percentage of its full market value that fairly measures and represents the extent of its use for nonoperating purposes. Nothing provided in this paragraph shall exclude any real estate or any property which is separately accounted for under s. 196.59 from special assessments for local improvements under s. 66.0705.

70.112(4)(b) (b) If real or tangible personal property is used more than 50 percent, as determined by the department of revenue, in the operation of a telephone company that is subject to the tax imposed under s. 76.81, the department of revenue shall assess the property and that property shall be exempt from the general property taxes imposed under this chapter. If real or tangible personal property is used less than 50 percent, as determined by the department of revenue, in the operation of a telephone company that is subject to the tax imposed under s. 76.81, the taxation district in which the property is located shall assess the property and that property shall be subject to the general property taxes imposed under this chapter.

70.112(5) (5) Motor vehicles, bicycles, snowmobiles. Every automobile, motor bicycle, motor bus, motorcycle, motor truck, moped, road tractor, school bus, snowmobile, truck tractor, or other similar motor vehicle, or trailer or semitrailer used in connection therewith.

70.112(6) (6) Aircraft. Every aircraft.

70.112(7) (7) Mobile homes and manufactured homes. Every unit, as defined in s. 66.0435 (1) (j), that is subject to a monthly municipal permit fee under s. 66.0435 (3).

70.112 History History: 1971 c. 221, 289; 1981 c. 20; 1983 a. 27, 243, 342, 368; 1999 a. 80; 1999 a. 150 s. 672; 2001 a. 16; 2007 a. 11.

70.113 70.113 State aid to municipalities; aids in lieu of taxes.

70.113(1) (1) As soon after April 20 of each year as is feasible the department of natural resources shall pay to the city, village, or town treasurer all of the following amounts from the following appropriations for each acre situated in the municipality of state forest lands, as defined in s. 28.02 (1), state parks under s. 27.01 and state public shooting, trapping or fishing grounds and reserves or refuges operated thereon, acquired at any time under s. 29.10, 1943 stats., s. 23.09 (2) (d) or 29.749 (1) or from the appropriations made by s. 20.866 (2) (tp) by the department of natural resources or leased from the federal government by the department of natural resources:

70.113(1)(a) (a) Eighty cents, to be paid from the appropriation under s. 20.370 (5) (da) or (dq). Beginning on July 10, 2021, the amount is three dollars and 20 cents.

70.113(1)(b) (b) Thirty cents, to be paid from the appropriation under s. 20.370 (5) (dq).

70.113(2) (2) 

70.113(2)(a) (a) Towns, cities or villages shall be paid for forest lands as defined in s. 28.02 (1), state parks under s. 27.01 and other lands acquired under s. 23.09 (2) (d), 23.27, 23.29, 23.293, 23.31 or 29.749 (1) located within such municipality and acquired after June 30, 1969. Such payments shall be made from the appropriation under s. 20.370 (5) (da) or (dq) and remitted by the department of natural resources in the amounts certified by the department of revenue according to par. (b).

70.113(2)(b) (b) Towns, cities or villages shall be paid aids in lieu of taxes for real estate specified in par. (a). The first payment on an acquisition after July 1, 1969, shall be determined on the basis of the January 1 local assessment following the acquisition multiplied by the county, local and school tax rate levied against all January 1 assessments for that year. The payment to the town, city or village shall be made after April 20 following the tax levy. Subsequent payments shall be made after April 20 following the levy date according to the following schedule:

70.113(2)(b)1. 1. For the 2nd year, 90 percent of the first year’s payment.

70.113(2)(b)2. 2. For the 3rd year, 80 percent of the first year’s payment.

70.113(2)(b)3. 3. For the 4th year, 70 percent of the first year’s payment.

70.113(2)(b)4. 4. For the 5th year, 60 percent of the first year’s payment.

70.113(2)(b)5. 5. For the 6th year, 50 percent of the first year’s payment.

70.113(2)(b)6. 6. For the 7th year, 40 percent of the first year’s payment.

70.113(2)(b)7. 7. For the 8th year, 30 percent of the first year’s payment.

70.113(2)(b)8. 8. For the 9th year, 20 percent of the first year’s payment.

70.113(2)(b)9. 9. For the 10th year and every year thereafter, 10 percent of the first year’s payment.

70.113(2)(b)10. 10. In no year shall the amounts paid under the 10-year schedule be less than three dollars and fifty cents per acre.

70.113(3) (3) The town, city or village authorized to receive payment under sub. (2) and the state may petition the department of revenue to review the assessment of the property upon which taxes were levied, the taxes now being the basis for payment under sub. (2). The petition to the department of revenue to review the assessment shall be due within 30 days of receipt of the assessment. In its review, the department of revenue shall determine if the assessment complained of is unreasonably out of proportion to the general average of the assessment of all other property in the taxation district, and if it finds the assessment high or low it shall lower or raise the assessment. The department of revenue shall make its determination not later than 60 days after the petition is received, and its decision shall be final and not subject to review.

70.113(4) (4) For land acquired after December 31, 1991, aids shall be paid under s. 70.114 and not under this section.

70.113 History History: 1971 c. 125 s. 522 (1); 1973 c. 90; 1975 c. 39 s. 734; 1975 c. 198; 1977 c. 29 ss. 1646 (3), 1647 (10), (18); 1977 c. 224; 1979 c. 34 s. 2102 (39) (a); 1979 c. 175 s. 53; 1979 c. 355 s. 241; 1983 a. 27 s. 2202 (38); 1985 a. 29 s. 3202 (39) (b), (dm); 1987 a. 27, 399; 1989 a. 336; 1991 a. 39; 1995 a. 27, 417; 1997 a. 27, 248; 2021 a. 58.

70.114 70.114 Aids on certain state lands equivalent to property taxes.

70.114(1) (1) Definitions. In this section:

70.114(1)(a) (a) “Department” means the department of natural resources.

70.114(1)(b) (b)

70.114(1)(b)1. 1. For land purchased before July 1 2011, “estimated value,” for the year during which land is purchased, means the purchase price and, for later years, means the value that was used for calculating the aid payment under this section for the prior year increased or decreased to reflect the annual percentage change in the equalized valuation of all property, excluding improvements, in the taxation district, as determined by comparing the most recent determination of equalized valuation under s. 70.57 for that property to the next preceding determination of equalized valuation under s. 70.57 for that property.

70.114(1)(b)2. 2. For land purchased on or after July 1, 2011, “estimated value,” for the year during which land is purchased, means the lesser of the purchase price or the determination of the land’s equalized valuation under s. 70.57 in the year before the year during which the land is purchased, increased or decreased to reflect the annual percentage change in the equalized valuation of all property, excluding improvements, in the taxation district, as determined by comparing the most recent determination of equalized valuation under s. 70.57 for that property, except that if the land was exempt from taxation in the year prior to the year during which the Department purchased the land, or enrolled in the forest cropland program under subch. I of ch. 77 or the managed forest land program under subch. VI of ch. 77 at the time of purchase, “estimated value,” for the year during which the land is purchased means the lesser of the purchase price or an amount that would result in a payment under sub. (4) that is equal to $10 per acre. “Estimated value,” for later years, means the value that was used for calculating the aid payment under this section for the prior year increased or decreased to reflect the annual percentage change in the equalized valuation of all property, excluding improvements, in the taxation district, as determined by comparing the most recent determination of equalized valuation under s. 70.57 for that property to the next preceding determination of equalized valuation under s. 70.57 for that property.

70.114(1)(c) (c) “Land” means state forests, as defined in s. 28.02 (1), that are acquired after December 31, 1991, state parks that are acquired after December 31, 1991, under s. 27.01 and other areas that are acquired after December 31, 1991, under s. 23.09 (2) (d), 23.091, 23.27, 23.29, 23.293, 23.31 or 29.749 (1).