48.15 NoteJudicial Council Note, 1981: Reference to “writs” of habeas corpus has been removed because that remedy is now available in an ordinary action. See s. 781.01, stats., and the note thereto. [Bill 613-A]
48.15 AnnotationThis section provides that “the jurisdiction of the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter is paramount in all cases involving children alleged to come within the provisions of ss. 48.13 and 48.14.” Under this section and Rickli, 21 Wis. 2d 89 (1963), the circuit court properly stayed proceedings on a grandmother’s ch. 54 [now s. 48.9795] guardianship petitions until termination of parental rights (TPR) proceedings were concluded. However, the court retained jurisdiction to do anything that did not conflict with its orders and findings in the TPR cases, and once the TPR proceedings were concluded the court was free to consider the petitions. Under the facts of these cases, though, granting the ch. 54 [now s. 48.9795] petitions would have conflicted with the TPR orders. M.L.-F. v. Oneida County Department of Social Services, 2016 WI App 25, 367 Wis. 2d 697, 877 N.W.2d 401, 15-0553. 48.1648.16 Jurisdiction over petitions for waiver of parental consent to a minor’s abortion. Any circuit court within this state has jurisdiction over a proceeding under s. 48.375 (7) for waiver of the parental consent requirement under s. 48.375 (4). 48.16 HistoryHistory: 1991 a. 263. 48.185(1)(a)(a) The county where the child or the expectant mother of the unborn child resides. 48.185(1)(b)(b) The county where the child or expectant mother is present. 48.185(2)(2) Guardianship and termination of parental rights proceedings. In an action under s. 48.41, venue shall be in the county where the birth parent or child resides at the time that the petition is filed. Subject to sub. (5), venue for any proceeding under s. 48.977 or any proceeding under subch. VIII when the child has been placed outside the home pursuant to a dispositional order under s. 48.345 or 48.347, shall be in the county where the dispositional order was issued, unless the child’s county of residence has changed or the parent of the child has resided in a different county of this state for 6 months. In either case, the court may, upon a motion and for good cause shown, transfer the case, along with all appropriate records, to the county of residence of the child or parent. 48.185(3)(3) Transition-to-independent-living proceedings. Venue for a proceeding under s. 48.366 (3) (am) shall be in the county where the most recent order specified in s. 48.366 (1) (a) or (b) was issued. 48.185(4)(4) Child or unborn child subject to a dispositional order. Venue for any proceeding under s. 48.357, 48.363, or 48.365 shall be in the county where the dispositional order was issued, unless prior to the proceeding the court of that county determined that the proper venue for the proceeding lies in another county and transferred the case, along with all appropriate records, to that other county. 48.185(5)(5) Changes in placement; successor guardians; posttermination of parental rights. Venue for a proceeding under s. 48.437 shall be in the county where the termination of parental rights order was issued. 48.185 AnnotationThis section does not authorize change of venue, upon motion of party or upon stipulation of parties, after adjudication but before the first dispositional hearing. 75 Atty. Gen. 100. HOLDING A CHILD OR AN EXPECTANT MOTHER IN CUSTODY
48.1948.19 Taking a child into custody. 48.19(1)(1) A child may be taken into custody under any of the following: 48.19(1)(c)(c) An order of the judge if made upon a showing satisfactory to the judge that the welfare of the child demands that the child be immediately removed from his or her present custody. The order shall specify that the child be held in custody under s. 48.207 (1). 48.19(1)(cm)(cm) An order of the judge if made upon a showing satisfactory to the judge that the child is an expectant mother, that due to the child expectant mother’s habitual lack of self-control in the use of alcohol beverages, controlled substances or controlled substance analogs, exhibited to a severe degree, there is a substantial risk that the physical health of the unborn child, and of the child when born, will be seriously affected or endangered unless the child expectant mother is taken into custody and that the child expectant mother is refusing or has refused to accept any alcohol or other drug abuse services offered to her or is not making or has not made a good faith effort to participate in any alcohol or other drug abuse services offered to her. The order shall specify that the child expectant mother be held in custody under s. 48.207 (1). 48.19(1)(d)(d) Circumstances in which a law enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that any of the following conditions exists: 48.19(1)(d)1.1. A capias or a warrant for the child’s apprehension has been issued in this state, or that the child is a fugitive from justice. 48.19(1)(d)2.2. A capias or a warrant for the child’s apprehension has been issued in another state. 48.19(1)(d)4.4. The child has run away from his or her parents, guardian or legal or physical custodian. 48.19(1)(d)5.5. The child is suffering from illness or injury or is in immediate danger from his or her surroundings and removal from those surroundings is necessary. 48.19(1)(d)7.7. The child has violated the conditions of an order under s. 48.21 (4) or the conditions of an order for temporary physical custody by an intake worker. 48.19(1)(d)8.8. The child is an expectant mother and there is a substantial risk that the physical health of the unborn child, and of the child when born, will be seriously affected or endangered due to the child expectant mother’s habitual lack of self-control in the use of alcohol beverages, controlled substances or controlled substance analogs, exhibited to a severe degree, unless the child expectant mother is taken into custody. 48.19(2)(2) When a child is taken into physical custody under this section, the person taking the child into custody shall immediately attempt to notify the parent, guardian, legal custodian, and Indian custodian of the child by the most practical means. The person taking the child into custody shall continue such attempt until the parent, guardian, legal custodian, and Indian custodian of the child are notified, or the child is delivered to an intake worker under s. 48.20 (3), whichever occurs first. If the child is delivered to the intake worker before the parent, guardian, legal custodian, and Indian custodian are notified, the intake worker, or another person at his or her direction, shall continue the attempt to notify until the parent, guardian, legal custodian, and Indian custodian of the child are notified. 48.19(3)(3) Taking into custody is not an arrest except for the purpose of determining whether the taking into custody or the obtaining of any evidence is lawful. 48.19 AnnotationA viable fetus is not a “person” within the definition of a child under s. 48.02 (2). A court may not order protective custody of a fetus by requiring custody of the mother. State ex rel. Angela M.W. v. Kruzicki, 209 Wis. 2d 112, 561 N.W.2d 729 (1997), 95-2480. 48.19348.193 Taking an adult expectant mother into custody. 48.193(1)(1) An adult expectant mother of an unborn child may be taken into custody under any of the following: 48.193(1)(c)(c) An order of the judge if made upon a showing satisfactory to the judge that due to the adult expectant mother’s habitual lack of self-control in the use of alcohol beverages, controlled substances or controlled substance analogs, exhibited to a severe degree, there is a substantial risk that the physical health of the unborn child, and of the child when born, will be seriously affected or endangered unless the adult expectant mother is taken into custody and that the adult expectant mother is refusing or has refused to accept any alcohol or other drug abuse services offered to her or is not making or has not made a good faith effort to participate in any alcohol or other drug abuse services offered to her. The order shall specify that the adult expectant mother be held in custody under s. 48.207 (1m). 48.193(1)(d)(d) Circumstances in which a law enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that any of the following conditions exists: 48.193(1)(d)1.1. A capias or warrant for the apprehension of the adult expectant mother has been issued in this state or in another state. 48.193(1)(d)2.2. There is a substantial risk that the physical health of the unborn child, and of the child when born, will be seriously affected or endangered due to the adult expectant mother’s habitual lack of self-control in the use of alcohol beverages, controlled substances or controlled substance analogs, exhibited to a severe degree, unless the adult expectant mother is taken into custody. 48.193(1)(d)3.3. The adult expectant mother has violated the conditions of an order under s. 48.213 (3) or the conditions of an order for temporary physical custody by an intake worker. 48.193(2)(2) When an adult expectant mother of an unborn child is taken into physical custody as provided in this section, the person taking the adult expectant mother into custody shall immediately attempt to notify an adult relative or friend of the adult expectant mother by the most practical means. The person taking the adult expectant mother into custody shall continue such attempt until an adult relative or friend is notified, or the adult expectant mother is delivered to an intake worker under s. 48.203 (2), whichever occurs first. If the adult expectant mother is delivered to the intake worker before an adult relative or friend is notified, the intake worker, or another person at his or her direction, shall continue the attempt to notify until an adult relative or friend of the adult expectant mother is notified. 48.193(3)(3) Taking into custody is not an arrest except for the purpose of determining whether the taking into custody or the obtaining of any evidence is lawful. 48.193 HistoryHistory: 1997 a. 292. 48.19548.195 Taking a newborn child into custody. 48.195(1b)(b)(b) “Newborn infant safety device” means a device that is installed in a supporting wall of a hospital, fire station, or law enforcement agency and that has an exterior point of access allowing an individual to place a newborn infant inside and an interior point of access allowing individuals inside the building to safely retrieve the newborn infant. 48.195(1m)(a)(a) In addition to being taken into custody under s. 48.19, a child whom a law enforcement officer, emergency medical services practitioner, or hospital staff member reasonably believes to be 72 hours old or younger may be taken into custody under circumstances in which a parent of the child relinquishes custody of the child by any of the following methods and does not express an intent to return for the child: 48.195(1m)(a)1.1. By delivering the child to the law enforcement officer, emergency medical services practitioner, or hospital staff member. 48.195(1m)(a)2.2. By leaving the child in a newborn infant safety device installed as provided under sub. (1r). 48.195(1m)(b)(b) If a parent who wishes to relinquish custody of his or her child under this subsection is unable to travel to a sheriff’s office, police station, fire station, hospital, or other place where a law enforcement officer, emergency medical services practitioner, or hospital staff member is located, the parent may dial the telephone number “911” or, in an area in which the telephone number “911” is not available, the number for an emergency medical service provider, and the person receiving the call shall dispatch a law enforcement officer or emergency medical services practitioner to meet the parent and take the child into custody. 48.195(1m)(c)(c) A law enforcement officer, emergency medical services practitioner, or hospital staff member who takes a child into custody under this subsection shall take any action necessary to protect the health and safety of the child, shall, within 24 hours after taking the child into custody, deliver the child to the intake worker under s. 48.20, and shall, within 5 days after taking the child into custody, file a birth record for the child under s. 69.14 (3). 48.195(1r)(a)(a) A hospital, fire station, or law enforcement agency may install a newborn infant safety device if all of the following criteria are met: 48.195(1r)(a)1.1. The hospital or law enforcement agency building is staffed 24 hours per day and the fire station is staffed 24 hours per day with an emergency medical services practitioner. 48.195(1r)(a)2.2. The device is physically part of the hospital, fire station, or law enforcement agency building. 48.195(1r)(a)3.3. The device is temperature controlled and ventilated for the safety of newborns. 48.195(1r)(a)4.4. The device is equipped with a dual alarm system connected to the physical location of the device that automatically triggers an alarm inside the building when a newborn infant is placed in the device. 48.195(1r)(a)5.5. The device is equipped with a surveillance system that allows employees of the hospital, fire station, or law enforcement agency to monitor the inside of the device 24 hours per day. 48.195(1r)(a)6.6. The device is located such that the interior point of access is in an area that is conspicuous and visible to the employees of the hospital, fire station, or law enforcement agency. 48.195(1r)(b)(b) A hospital, fire station, or law enforcement agency that uses a newborn infant safety device to accept surrendered newborn infants shall use the surveillance system under par. (a) 5. to monitor the inside of the device 24 hours per day, physically check the device at least twice daily, and test the device at least weekly to ensure that the alarm system is in working order. 48.195(2)(a)(a) Except as provided in this paragraph, a parent who relinquishes custody of a child under sub. (1m) and any person who assists the parent in that relinquishment have the right to remain anonymous. The exercise of that right shall not affect the manner in which a law enforcement officer, emergency medical services practitioner, or hospital staff member performs his or her duties under this section. No person may induce or coerce or attempt to induce or coerce a parent or person assisting a parent who wishes to remain anonymous into revealing his or her identity, unless the person has reasonable cause to suspect that the child has been the victim of abuse or neglect or that the person assisting the parent is coercing the parent into relinquishing custody of the child. 48.195(2)(b)(b) A parent who relinquishes custody of a child under sub. (1m) (a) 1. and any person who assists the parent in that relinquishment may leave the presence of the law enforcement officer, emergency medical services practitioner, or hospital staff member who took custody of the child at any time. A parent who relinquishes custody of a child under sub. (1m) (a) 2. and any person who assists the parent in that relinquishment may leave the premises of the hospital, fire station, or law enforcement agency at any time. No person may follow or pursue the parent or person assisting the parent, unless the person has reasonable cause to suspect that the child has been the victim of abuse or neglect or that the person assisting the parent has coerced the parent into relinquishing custody of the child. 48.195(2)(c)(c) No officer, employee, or agent of this state or of a political subdivision of this state may attempt to locate or ascertain the identity of a parent who relinquishes custody of a child under sub. (1m) or any person who assists the parent in that relinquishment, unless the officer, employee, or agent has reasonable cause to suspect that the child has been the victim of abuse or neglect or that the person assisting the parent has coerced the parent into relinquishing custody of the child. 48.195(2)(d)(d) Any person who obtains any information relating to the relinquishment of a child under sub. (1m) shall keep that information confidential and may not disclose that information, except to the following persons: 48.195(2)(d)1.1. The birth parent of the child, if the birth parent has waived his or her right under par. (a) to remain anonymous, or the adoptive parent of the child, if the child is later adopted. 48.195(2)(d)2.2. Appropriate staff of the department, county department, or licensed child welfare agency that is providing services to the child. 48.195(2)(d)4.4. An attending physician for purposes of diagnosis and treatment of the child. 48.195(2)(d)5.5. The child’s foster parent or other person having physical custody of the child. 48.195(2)(d)6.6. A court conducting proceedings under s. 48.21, proceedings relating to a petition under s. 48.13 (2m) or 48.42, or dispositional proceedings under subch. VI or VIII relating to the child, the county corporation counsel, district attorney, or agency legal counsel representing the interests of the public in those proceedings, or the guardian ad litem representing the interests of the child in those proceedings. 48.195(2)(d)7.7. A tribal court, or other adjudicative body authorized by an Indian tribe to perform child welfare functions, that is exercising jurisdiction over proceedings relating to the child, an attorney representing the interests of the Indian tribe in those proceedings, or an attorney representing the interests of the child in those proceedings. 48.195(3)(a)(a) Subject to par. (b), a law enforcement officer, emergency medical services practitioner, or hospital staff member who takes a child into custody under sub. (1m) (a) 1. shall make available to the parent who relinquishes custody of the child the maternal and child health toll-free telephone number maintained by the department under 42 USC 705 (a) (5) (E). 48.195(3)(b)(b) The decision whether to accept the information made available under par. (a) is entirely voluntary on the part of the parent. No person may induce or coerce or attempt to induce or coerce any parent into accepting that information. 48.195(4)(a)(a) Any parent who relinquishes custody of his or her child under sub. (1m) and any person who assists the parent in that relinquishment are immune from any civil or criminal liability for any good faith act or omission in connection with that relinquishment. The immunity granted under this paragraph includes immunity for exercising the right to remain anonymous under sub. (2) (a), the right to leave at any time under sub. (2) (b), and the right not to accept any information under sub. (3) (b) and immunity from prosecution under s. 948.20 for abandonment of a child or under s. 948.21 for neglecting a child. 48.195(4)(b)(b) Any law enforcement officer, emergency medical services practitioner, or hospital staff member who takes a child into custody under sub. (1m) is immune from any civil liability to the child’s parents, or any criminal liability for any good faith act or omission occurring solely in connection with the act of receiving custody of the child from the child’s parents or from a newborn infant safety device, but is not immune from any civil or criminal liability for any act or omission occurring in subsequently providing care for the child. 48.195(4)(c)(c) In any civil or criminal proceeding, the good faith of a person specified in par. (a) or (b) is presumed. This presumption may be overcome only by clear and convincing evidence. 48.195(5)(5) Medical assistance eligibility. A child who is taken into custody under sub. (1m) is presumed to be eligible for medical assistance under s. 49.46 or 49.47. 48.195(6)(6) Rules. The department shall promulgate rules to implement this section. In promulgating those rules, the department shall consider the different circumstances under which a parent might relinquish custody of a child under sub. (1m). The rules shall include rules prescribing a means by which a parent who relinquishes custody of his or her child under sub. (1m) may, until the granting of an order terminating parental rights, choose to be identified as the child’s parent. 48.195 HistoryHistory: 2001 a. 2; 2009 a. 28, 94, 185; 2017 a. 12, 334; 2023 a. 79; s. 35.17 correction in (1m) (title). 48.195 Cross-referenceCross-reference: See also ch. DCF 39, Wis. adm. code.
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