347.475(4)(4) No person may, either personally or through an agent, install a cover or otherwise conceal or disguise a missing airbag or a previously deployed airbag. 347.475 HistoryHistory: 2001 a. 28. 347.48347.48 Safety belts and child safety restraint systems. 347.48(1)(a)(a) No person may buy, sell, lease, trade or transfer a motor vehicle other than an automobile at retail from or to Wisconsin residents unless the vehicle is equipped with safety belts installed for use as required under 49 CFR 571, and no such vehicle may be operated in this state unless such belts remain installed. 347.48(1)(b)(b) No person may buy, sell, lease, trade or transfer an automobile that is required under 49 CFR 571 to be equipped with safety belts from or to a resident of this state unless the front designated seating positions of the automobile are equipped with safety belts installed for use as required under 49 CFR 571 and unless each rear outboard designated seating position of the automobile is equipped with a safety belt consisting of a combination of a pelvic and upper torso restraint that conforms to standards for a Type 2 seat belt assembly under 49 CFR 571.209, and no automobile may be operated in this state unless such belts remain installed. Nothing in this section applies to antique reproductions. 347.48(2)(2) Type and manner of installing. All such safety belts must be of a type and must be installed in a manner approved by the department. The department shall establish specifications and requirements for approved types of safety belts and attachments thereto. The department will accept, as approved, all seat belt installations and the belt and anchor meeting the society of automotive engineers’ specifications. 347.48(2m)(a)(a) In this subsection, “properly restrained” means wearing a safety belt approved by the department under sub. (2) and fastened in a manner prescribed by the manufacturer of the safety belt which permits the safety belt to act as a body restraint. 347.48(2m)(b)(b) If a motor vehicle is required to be equipped with safety belts in this state, no person may operate that motor vehicle unless the person is properly restrained in a safety belt. 347.48(2m)(c)(c) If a motor vehicle is required to be equipped with safety belts in this state, no person may operate that motor vehicle unless each passenger who is at least 8 years old and who is seated at a designated seating position in the front seat required under 49 CFR 571 to have a safety belt installed or at a designated seating position in the seats, other than the front seats, for which a safety belt is required to be installed is properly restrained. 347.48(2m)(d)(d) If a motor vehicle is required to be equipped with safety belts in this state, no person who is at least 8 years old and who is seated at a designated seating position in the front seat required under 49 CFR 571 to have a safety belt installed or at a designated seating position in the seats, other than the front seats, for which a safety belt is required to be installed may be a passenger in that motor vehicle unless the person is properly restrained. 347.48(2m)(dm)(dm) Paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) do not apply to the operation of an authorized emergency vehicle by a law enforcement officer or other authorized operator under circumstances in which compliance could endanger the safety of the operator or another. 347.48(2m)(dr)(dr) Paragraph (b) does not apply to the operator of a vehicle while on a route which requires the operator to make more than 10 stops per mile involving an exit from the vehicle in the scope of his or her employment. Paragraphs (c) and (d) do not apply to a passenger while on a route which requires the passenger to make more than 10 stops per mile involving an exit from the vehicle in the scope of his or her employment. 347.48(2m)(e)(e) The department shall, by rule, exempt from the requirements under pars. (b) to (d) persons who, because of a physical or medical condition, cannot be properly restrained in a safety belt. 347.48 Cross-referenceCross-reference: See also ch. Trans 315, Wis. adm. code. 347.48(2m)(f)1.1. This subsection does not apply if the motor vehicle is a taxicab or is not required to be equipped with safety belts under sub. (1) or 49 CFR 571. 347.48(2m)(f)2.2. This subsection does not apply to a privately owned motor vehicle while being operated by a rural letter carrier for the delivery of mail or while being operated by a delivery person for the delivery of newspapers or periodicals. 347.48(2m)(f)3.3. This subsection does not apply to a motor vehicle while being operated by a land surveying crew while conducting a land survey along or upon the highway. 347.48(2m)(f)7.7. This subsection does not apply to a farm truck or dual purpose farm truck while being used in conjunction with the planting or harvesting of crops and not being operated upon the highway. 347.48(2m)(g)(g) Evidence of compliance or failure to comply with par. (b), (c) or (d) is admissible in any civil action for personal injuries or property damage resulting from the use or operation of a motor vehicle. Notwithstanding s. 895.045, with respect to injuries or damages determined to have been caused by a failure to comply with par. (b), (c) or (d), such a failure shall not reduce the recovery for those injuries or damages by more than 15 percent. This paragraph does not affect the determination of causal negligence in the action. 347.48(2m)(gm)(gm) A law enforcement officer may not take a person into physical custody solely for a violation of this subsection or sub. (1) or (2) or a local ordinance in conformity with this subsection, sub. (1) or (2) or rules of the department. 347.48(3m)(3m) Safety belt information program. The department shall develop and administer a public information program to promote safety belt awareness and use. 347.48(4)(4) Child safety restraint systems required; standards; exemptions. 347.48(4)(ag)1.1. “Child booster seat” means a child passenger restraint system that meets the applicable federal standards under 49 CFR 571.213 and is designed to elevate a child from a vehicle seat to allow the vehicle’s safety belt to be properly positioned over the child’s body. 347.48(4)(ag)3.a.a. With respect to par. (as) 1. and 2., fastened in a manner prescribed by the manufacturer of the child safety restraint system which permits the system to act as a body restraint but does not include a system in which the only body restraint is a safety belt of the type required under sub. (1). 347.48(4)(ag)3.b.b. With respect to par. (as) 3., wearing a safety belt consisting of a combination lap belt and shoulder harness approved by the department under sub. (2) and fastened in a manner prescribed by the manufacturer of the safety belt so that the safety belt properly fits across the child’s lap and the center of the child’s chest in a manner appropriate to the child’s height, weight, and age that permits the safety belt to act as a body restraint. 347.48(4)(ag)3.c.c. With respect to par. (as) 4., fastened in a manner prescribed by the manufacturer of the system which permits the system to act as a body restraint. 347.48(4)(am)(am) No person may transport a child under the age of 8 in a motor vehicle unless the child is restrained in compliance with par. (as) in a safety restraint system that is appropriate to the child’s age and size and that meets the standards established by the department under this paragraph. The department shall, by rule, establish standards in compliance with applicable federal standards, including standards under 49 CFR 571.213, for child safety restraint systems. 347.48(4)(as)(as) A child under the age of 8 years who is being transported in a motor vehicle shall be restrained as follows: 347.48(4)(as)1.1. If the child is less than one year old or weighs less than 20 pounds, the child shall be properly restrained in a rear-facing child safety restraint system, positioned at a designated seating position in a back passenger seat of the vehicle if the vehicle is equipped with a back passenger seat. 347.48(4)(as)2.2. Subject to subd. 1., if the child is at least one year old and weighs at least 20 pounds but is less than 4 years old or weighs less than 40 pounds, the child shall be properly restrained as provided in subd. 1. or properly restrained in a forward-facing child safety restraint system, positioned at a designated seating position in a back passenger seat of the vehicle if the vehicle is equipped with a back passenger seat. 347.48(4)(as)3.3. Subject to subds. 1. and 2., if the child is at least 4 years old but less than 8 years old, weighs at least 40 pounds but not more than 80 pounds, and is not more than 57 inches in height, the child shall be properly restrained as provided in subd. 2. or properly restrained in a child booster seat. 347.48(4)(as)4.4. Subject to subds. 1. to 3., if the child is less than 8 years old, the child shall be properly restrained as provided in subds. 1. to 3. or properly restrained in a safety belt approved by the department under sub. (2). 347.48(4)(b)(b) The department may, by rule, exempt from the requirements under pars. (am) and (as) any child who because of a physical or medical condition or body size cannot be placed in a child safety restraint system, child booster seat, or safety belt. 347.48(4)(c)(c) This subsection does not apply if the motor vehicle is a motor bus, school bus, taxicab, moped, motorcycle or is not required to be equipped with safety belts under sub. (1) or 49 CFR 571. 347.48(4)(d)(d) Evidence of compliance or failure to comply with pars. (am) and (as) is admissible in any civil action for personal injuries or property damage resulting from the use or operation of a motor vehicle but failure to comply with pars. (am) and (as) does not by itself constitute negligence. 347.48 Annotation“Seat belt negligence” and “passive negligence” are distinguished. Jury instructions regarding seat belts are recommended. A method for apportioning damages in seat belt negligence cases is adopted. Foley v. City of West Allis, 113 Wis. 2d 475, 335 N.W.2d 824 (1983). 347.48 AnnotationA common law action for contribution may not be brought against a person who violates sub. (2m) (g). Gaertner v. Holcka, 219 Wis. 2d 436, 580 N.W.2d 271 (1998), 96-2726. 347.48 AnnotationA statute requiring the wearing of seat belts in motor vehicles would be constitutional. 58 Atty. Gen. 241.
347.48 AnnotationThe seat belt defense — state of the law. Kircher, 53 MLR 172.
347.48 AnnotationThe seat belt defense — the trial lawyer’s view. Bowman, 53 MLR 191.
347.48 AnnotationPractical defense problems — the expert’s view. Huelke, 53 MLR 203.
347.48 AnnotationThe seat belt as a cause of injury. Snyder, 53 MLR 211.
347.485347.485 Protective headgear for use on motorcycles. 347.485(1)(a)(a) No person who holds an instructional permit under s. 343.07 (4) or who is under 18 years of age may operate or ride upon a motorcycle on any highway unless the person is wearing protective headgear of a type which meets the standards established for motorcycle operation in 49 CFR 571.218 and the chin strap is properly fastened. 347.485(1)(am)(am) No person may operate a motorcycle when carrying a passenger under 18 years of age unless the passenger is wearing protective headgear. 347.485(1)(b)(b) No person may sell or offer for sale any protective headgear for use by a driver or passenger on a motorcycle, not meeting the standards established for motorcycle operation in 49 CFR 571.218. 347.485(2)(a)(a) No person may operate a motorcycle on any highway without wearing any of the following eye protection: 347.485(2)(b)(b) Except for photosensitive corrective glasses prescribed by an ophthalmologist, physician, oculist or optometrist, eye protection worn during hours of darkness may not be tinted or darkened. 347.485(2)(c)(c) Notwithstanding par. (a), if the vehicle is an autocycle equipped with a windshield or a motorcycle equipped with a windshield that rises a minimum of 15 inches above the handlebar, the use of other eye protective devices is not mandatory. 347.485(2)(d)(d) This subsection shall not apply to persons operating a motorcycle in a parade sanctioned by the local municipality. 347.485(3)(3) No person may rent, lease or loan a motorcycle to another unless he or she has ascertained that such party has the required eye protection and, if the party holds an instructional permit under s. 343.07 (4) or is under 18 years of age, that the party has the required protective headgear for operating the motorcycle. 347.485(4)(4) Every person in the motorcycle rental business shall have clean, usable protective headgear for rent in sufficient quantity to care for the needs of all customers. 347.485 AnnotationThree-wheeled trucks and automobiles, golf carts, and other special purpose vehicles such as street sweepers, industrial fork-lifts, and motorized wheelbarrows are not motorcycles, and operators are not subject to this section. 58 Atty. Gen. 17.
347.486347.486 General requirements. 347.486(1)(1) No person may operate a motorcycle if the handlegrips of the handlebars rise more than 30 inches above the lowest point of the top of the driver’s seat when the seat is occupied. 347.486(2)(2) No person may operate a motorcycle with an improvised, defective or repaired handlebar. 347.486(3)(3) No person may operate a motorcycle without a functioning muffler. 347.487347.487 Seating requirements. Except as provided in s. 346.595 (3m), no more than 2 persons may ride on a motorcycle during operation, and then only if the vehicle is equipped and designed with adequate seats and foot rests or pegs. Foot rests or pegs shall be mounted in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications. In the absence of manufacturer’s specifications, foot rests or pegs for the passenger shall be located on the same horizontal plane as those of the operator. 347.488347.488 Moped equipment. No person may operate a moped unless: 347.488(1)(1) The moped complies with all federal emission, equipment and safety standards applicable at the time of manufacture; 347.488(2)(2) None of the original equipment installed on the moped by the manufacturer has been replaced with equipment of lesser performance characteristics; and 347.488(3)(3) The performance characteristics of the moped have not been altered so as to enable it to exceed the maximum design speed authorized for a moped under s. 340.01 (29m). 347.488 HistoryHistory: 1977 c. 288. 347.489347.489 Lamps and other equipment on bicycles and other vehicles and devices. 347.489(1)(1) No person may operate a bicycle, motor bicycle, personal delivery device, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device upon a highway, sidewalk, bicycle lane, or bicycle way during hours of darkness unless the bicycle, motor bicycle, personal delivery device, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device is equipped with or, with respect to a bicycle or motor bicycle, the operator is wearing, a lamp emitting a white light visible from a distance of at least 500 feet to the front of the bicycle, motor bicycle, personal delivery device, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device. A bicycle, motor bicycle, personal delivery device, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device shall also be equipped with a red reflector that has a diameter of at least 2 inches of surface area or, with respect to an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device, that is a strip of reflective tape that has at least 2 square inches of surface area, on the rear so mounted and maintained as to be visible from all distances from 50 to 500 feet to the rear when directly in front of lawful upper beams of headlamps on a motor vehicle. A lamp emitting a steady or flashing red light visible from a distance of 500 feet to the rear may be used in lieu of the red reflector. 347.489(1m)(1m) No person may operate a personal delivery device upon a sidewalk unless the device is equipped with a braking system that, when engaged, will enable the personal delivery device to come to a controlled stop. 347.489(2)(2) No person may operate a bicycle, motor bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device upon a highway, bicycle lane, or bicycle way unless it is equipped with a brake in good working condition, adequate to control the movement of and to stop the bicycle, motor bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device whenever necessary. 347.489(3)(3) No bicycle, motor bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device may be equipped with nor may any person riding upon a bicycle, motor bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device use any siren or compression whistle. 347.489(3m)(a)1.1. After January 1, 2018, a manufacturer or distributor of electric bicycles shall permanently affix to the electric bicycle a label containing all of the following information in Arial font of a minimum size of 9 point:
