RESPECTIVE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF DRIVERS AND OTHER HIGHWAY USERS
346.23346.23 Crossing controlled intersection or crosswalk. 346.23(1)(1) At an intersection or crosswalk where traffic is controlled by traffic control signals or by a traffic officer, the operator of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian or personal delivery device, or to a person who is riding a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device in a manner which is consistent with the safe use of the crosswalk by pedestrians, that has started to cross the highway on a green signal or a pedestrian signal authorizing crossing and in all other cases pedestrians, bicyclists, and riders of electric scooters and electric personal assistive mobility devices shall yield, and personal delivery device operators shall ensure that personal delivery devices yield, the right-of-way to vehicles lawfully proceeding directly ahead on a green signal. No operator of a vehicle proceeding ahead on a green signal may begin a turn at a controlled intersection or crosswalk when a pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device crossing in the crosswalk on a green signal or a pedestrian signal authorizing crossing would be endangered or interfered with in any way. The rules stated in this subsection are modified at intersections or crosswalks on divided highways or highways provided with safety zones in the manner and to the extent stated in sub. (2). 346.23(2)(2) At intersections or crosswalks on divided highways or highways provided with safety zones where traffic is controlled by traffic control signals or by a traffic officer, the operator of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device that has started to cross the roadway either from the near curb or shoulder or from the center dividing strip or a safety zone with the green signal or a pedestrian signal authorizing crossing in the favor of the pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device. 346.23 AnnotationIn order for a motorist to have a duty to yield under s. 346.24, the pedestrian must be “crossing” within the crosswalk as provided under s. 346.24 (1) and not have entered in such a manner as to make it difficult for the motorist to yield as provided under s. 346.24 (2). The requirements under this section, however, are that the pedestrian be “crossing” or have “started to cross” on a “Walk” light. The burden on the motorist is more absolute under this section than under s. 346.24. Schoenauer v. Wendinger, 49 Wis. 2d 415, 182 N.W.2d 441 (1971). 346.23 AnnotationPedestrians have the right-of-way on a green light only where there are no pedestrian control signals. City of Hartford v. Godfrey, 92 Wis. 2d 815, 286 N.W.2d 10 (Ct. App. 1979). 346.24346.24 Crossing at uncontrolled intersection or crosswalk. 346.24(1)(1) At an intersection or crosswalk where traffic is not controlled by traffic control signals or by a traffic officer, the operator of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to a pedestrian or personal delivery device, or to a person riding a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device in a manner which is consistent with the safe use of the crosswalk by pedestrians, that is crossing the highway within a marked or unmarked crosswalk. 346.24(2)(2) No pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device may suddenly leave, and no personal delivery device operator may allow a personal delivery device to suddenly leave, a curb or other place of safety and walk, run, or ride into the path of a vehicle which is so close that it is difficult for the operator of the vehicle to yield. 346.24(3)(3) Whenever any vehicle is stopped at an intersection or crosswalk to permit a pedestrian, personal delivery device, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device to cross the roadway, the operator of any other vehicle approaching from the rear may not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle. 346.24 AnnotationIn order for a motorist to have a duty to yield under this section, the pedestrian must be “crossing” within the crosswalk as provided under sub. (1) and not have entered in such a manner as to make it difficult for the motorist to yield as provided under sub. (2). The requirements under s. 346.23, however, are that the pedestrian be “crossing” or have “started to cross” on a “Walk” light. The burden on the motorist is more absolute under s. 346.23 than under this section. Schoenauer v. Wendinger, 49 Wis. 2d 415, 182 N.W.2d 441 (1971). 346.25346.25 Crossing at place other than crosswalk. Every pedestrian, bicyclist, or rider of an electric scooter or an electric personal assistive mobility device crossing a roadway at any point other than within a marked or unmarked crosswalk shall yield the right-of-way to all vehicles upon the roadway. 346.25 AnnotationSection 891.44 provides an exception to this section, and the standard instruction is not to be given when the pedestrian is a child under seven. Thoreson v. Milwaukee & Suburban Transport Corp., 56 Wis. 2d 231, 201 N.W.2d 745 (1972). 346.25 AnnotationThis section does not apply to bicyclists operating on the roadway and only applies to bicyclists acting as pedestrians by operating on sidewalks and within crosswalks. Chernetski v. American Family Mutual Insurance Co., 183 Wis. 2d 68, 515 N.W.2d 283 (Ct. App. 1994). 346.26346.26 Blind pedestrian on highway. 346.26(1)(1) An operator of a vehicle shall stop the vehicle before approaching closer than 10 feet to a pedestrian who is carrying a cane or walking stick which is white in color or white trimmed with red and which is held in an extended or raised position or who is using a service animal, as defined in s. 106.52 (1) (fm), and shall take such precautions as may be necessary to avoid accident or injury to the pedestrian. The fact that the pedestrian may be violating any of the laws applicable to pedestrians does not relieve the operator of a vehicle from the duties imposed by this subsection. 346.26(2)(2) Nothing in this section shall be construed to deprive any totally or partially blind person not carrying the white or the red and white cane or walking stick or not using a service animal, as defined in s. 106.52 (1) (fm), of the rights of other pedestrians crossing highways, nor shall the failure of such totally or partially blind pedestrian to carry such cane or walking stick or to use a service animal be evidence of any negligence. 346.26(3)(3) No person who is not totally or partially blind shall carry or use on any street, highway or other public place any cane or walking stick which is white in color, or white trimmed with red. 346.26 HistoryHistory: 1977 c. 302; 2005 a. 354. 346.27346.27 Persons working on highway. The operator of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to persons engaged in maintenance or construction work on a highway whenever the operator is notified of their presence by flagmen or warning signs. 346.27 HistoryHistory: 1991 a. 316; 1993 a. 490. 346.28346.28 Pedestrians to walk on left side of highway; drivers to yield on sidewalks. 346.28(1)(1) Any pedestrian traveling along and upon a highway other than upon a sidewalk shall travel on and along the left side of the highway and upon meeting a vehicle shall, if practicable, move to the extreme outer limit of the traveled portion of the highway. 346.28(2)(2) Operators of vehicles shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians, personal delivery devices, bicyclists, and riders of electric scooters and electric personal assistive mobility devices on sidewalks as required by s. 346.47. 346.29346.29 When standing or loitering in roadway or highway prohibited. 346.29(1)(1) No person shall be on a roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride from the operator of any vehicle other than a public passenger vehicle. 346.29(2)(2) No person shall stand or loiter on any roadway other than in a safety zone if such act interferes with the lawful movement of traffic. 346.29(3)(3) No person shall be on a bridge or approach thereto for the purpose of utilizing such bridge or approach for fishing or swimming when signs have been erected by the authority in charge of maintenance of the highway indicating that fishing or swimming off of such bridge or approach is prohibited. 346.30346.30 Penalty for violating sections 346.23 to 346.29. 346.30(1)(a)(a) Any pedestrian violating s. 346.23, 346.24 (2), 346.25, 346.28 or 346.29 and any personal delivery device operator violating s. 346.23 or 346.24 (2) may be required to forfeit not less than $2 nor more than $20 for the first offense and not less than $10 nor more than $50 for the 2nd or subsequent conviction within a year. 346.30(1)(b)1.1. Except as provided in subd. 2. or sub. (5), any operator of a vehicle violating s. 346.23 or 346.28 may be required to forfeit not less than $20 nor more than $40 for the first offense and not less than $50 nor more than $100 for the 2nd or subsequent conviction within a year. 346.30(1)(b)2.2. Any operator of a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device violating s. 346.23, 346.24 or 346.25 may be required to forfeit not more than $20. 346.30(2)(2) Unless otherwise provided in sub. (1) (b) 2., any person violating s. 346.24 (1) or (3) may be required to forfeit not less than $30 nor more than $300. 346.30(3)(3) Any person violating s. 346.26 may be required to forfeit not less than $25 nor more than $200 for the first offense and may be required to forfeit not less than $50 nor more than $500 for the 2nd or subsequent conviction within a year. 346.30(4)(4) Any person violating s. 346.27 may be required to forfeit not less than $60 nor more than $600. 346.30(5)(a)(a) If a person violates s. 346.23 and the violation results in great bodily harm, as defined in s. 939.22 (14), to another, the person shall forfeit $500. 346.30(5)(b)(b) If a person violates s. 346.23 and the violation results in death to another, the person shall forfeit $1,000. TURNING AND STOPPING AND REQUIRED SIGNALS
346.31346.31 Required position and method of turning at intersections. 346.31(1)(1) Turns indicated by pavement markings. Where state or local authorities have placed pavement markings or signs within or adjacent to an intersection directing traffic turning at such intersection to follow a particular course, the operator of a vehicle turning at such intersection shall comply with such directions. In the absence of such pavement markings or signs, the operator of a vehicle intending to turn at an intersection shall do as provided in subs. (2) to (4). 346.31(2)(2) Right turns. Both the approach for a right turn and the right turn shall be made as closely as practicable to the right-hand edge or curb of the roadway. If, because of the size of the vehicle or the nature of the intersecting roadway, the turn cannot be made from the traffic lane next to the right-hand edge of the roadway, the turn shall be made with due regard for all other traffic. 346.31(3)(3) Left turns and U-turns. Except as otherwise provided in sub. (4), left turns at intersections shall be made as follows: 346.31(3)(a)(a) The approach for a left turn or U-turn shall be made in the lane farthest to the left which is lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of travel of the vehicle about to turn left. Unless otherwise marked or posted, this means the lane immediately to the right of the center line or center dividing strip of a 2-way highway and the lane next to the left-hand curb or edge of the roadway of a one-way highway. 346.31(3)(b)(b) The intersection shall be entered in the lane of approach and, whenever practicable, the left turn or U-turn shall be made in that portion of the intersection immediately to the left of the center of the intersection. For the purposes of this paragraph, a divided highway intersected by any other highway is considered to be one intersection. 346.31(3)(c)(c) A left turn shall be completed so as to enter the intersecting highway in that lane farthest to the left which is lawfully available to traffic moving in the direction of the vehicle completing the left turn. Unless otherwise marked or posted, this means the lane immediately to the right of the center line or center dividing strip of a 2-way highway and the lane next to the left-hand curb or edge of the roadway of a one-way highway. 346.31(4)(4) Left turns and U-turns on 3-lane highways. On a 2-way highway having an uneven number of lanes the approach for a left turn or U-turn shall be made in the center lane, unless otherwise posted or marked. A left turn into a 2-way highway having an uneven number of lanes shall be made so as to enter the highway in the lane immediately to the right of the center lane. 346.31 HistoryHistory: 2009 a. 97; 2015 a. 124. 346.32346.32 Required position for turning into private road or driveway. The operator of a vehicle on a highway who intends to turn into a private road or driveway shall make the approach for the turn in the same manner as specified in s. 346.31 for vehicles making an approach for a right or left turn at an intersection. If, because of the size of the vehicle or the nature of the intersecting private road or driveway, the turn cannot be made from the specified lane of approach, the turn shall be made with due regard for all other traffic. 346.33(1)(1) The operator of a vehicle may not make a U-turn upon a highway at any of the following places: 346.33(1)(a)(a) At any intersection at which traffic is being controlled by a traffic officer unless instructed by the officer to make a U-turn. 346.33(1)(b)(b) In mid-block on any street in a business district, except where the highway is a divided highway and where the U-turn is made at an opening or crossover established by the authority in charge of the maintenance of the highway. 346.33(1)(c)(c) In mid-block on any through highway in a residence district, except where the highway is a divided highway and where the U-turn is made at an opening or crossover established by the authority in charge of the maintenance of the highway. 346.33(1)(d)(d) At any place where signs prohibiting a U-turn have been erected by the authority in charge of the maintenance of the highway. 346.33(1)(e)(e) Upon a curve or upon the approach to or near the crest of a grade on any undivided highway where the vehicle cannot be seen by the driver of any other vehicle within 500 feet approaching from any direction. 346.33(1)(f)(f) At any place where a U-turn cannot be made safely or without interfering with other traffic. 346.33(1m)(1m) The operator of a vehicle shall exercise due care when making a U-turn upon a highway and shall only make a U-turn when the movement can be made safely and without interfering with other traffic. 346.33(2)(2) The operator of a vehicle may not back the vehicle at an intersection controlled by an official traffic control device for the purpose of making a U-turn. 346.33(3)(3) In this section, “mid-block” means any part of a street or highway other than an intersection. 346.34346.34 Turning movements and required signals on turning and stopping. 346.34(1)(a)1.1. Turn a vehicle at an intersection unless the vehicle is in proper position upon the roadway as required in s. 346.31. 346.34(1)(a)2.2. Turn a vehicle to enter a private road or driveway unless the vehicle is in proper position on the roadway as required in s. 346.32. 346.34(1)(a)3.3. Turn a vehicle from a direct course or move right or left upon a roadway unless and until such movement can be made with reasonable safety. 346.34(1)(b)(b) In the event any other traffic may be affected by the movement, no person may turn any vehicle without giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided in s. 346.35. A person making a U-turn shall use the same signal used to indicate a left turn. When given by the operator of a vehicle other than a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device, the signal shall be given continuously during not less than the last 100 feet traveled by the vehicle before turning. The operator of a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device shall give the signal continuously during not less than the last 50 feet traveled before turning. A signal by the hand and arm need not be given continuously if the hand is needed in the control or operation of the bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device. 346.34(2)(2) Stopping. No person may stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle without first giving an appropriate signal in the manner provided in s. 346.35 to the operator of any vehicle immediately to the rear when there is opportunity to give such signal. This subsection does not apply to the operator of a bicycle approaching an official stop sign or traffic control signal. 346.34 AnnotationWhen it is impossible to signal for the last 100 feet before turning, the 100 feet requirement does not apply. Betchkal v. Willis, 127 Wis. 2d 177, 378 N.W.2d 684 (1985). 346.34 AnnotationSub. (1) (b) states that a driver must use a turn signal in “the event that any other traffic may be affected.” The defendant did not violate this statute when the defendant made a left turn without using the defendant’s signal when there was no oncoming or following traffic or pedestrians present when the defendant turned. State v. Anagnos, 2011 WI App 118, 337 Wis. 2d 57, 805 N.W.2d 722, 10-1812. 346.35346.35 Method of giving signals on turning and stopping. Whenever a stop or turn signal is required by s. 346.34, such signal may in any event be given by a signal lamp or lamps of a type meeting the specifications set forth in s. 347.15. Except as provided in s. 347.15 (3m), such signals also may be given by the hand and arm in lieu of or in addition to signals by signal lamp. When given by hand and arm, such signals, except signals by the operator of a bicycle, who may use either hand and arm, shall be given from the left side of the vehicle in the following manner and shall indicate as follows: 346.35(1)(1) Left turn or U-turn — Hand and arm extended horizontally. 346.35(2)(2) Right turn — Hand and arm extended upward. 346.35(3)(3) Stop or decrease speed — Hand and arm extended downward. 346.35 HistoryHistory: 2009 a. 97; 2011 a. 73. 346.36346.36 Penalty for violating sections 346.31 to 346.35. 346.36(1)(1) Except as provided in subs. (2) and (3), any person violating ss. 346.31 to 346.35 may be required to forfeit not less than $20 nor more than $40 for the first offense and not less than $50 nor more than $100 for the 2nd or subsequent conviction within a year. 346.36(2)(2) Any operator of a bicycle, electric scooter, or electric personal assistive mobility device violating ss. 346.31 to 346.35 may be required to forfeit not more than $20.
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